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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Tammaru, Tiit. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Jauhiainen, Jussi S. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Kährik, Anneli</text>
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                <text>2006</text>
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                <text>The thesis examines the main factors that have led to changes in socio-spatial residential pattern in Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, and its surrounding region in the post-socialist period, and analyses transformation of this pattern during the period 1991–2005. The thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four publications. The data used for analysis have been derived mainly from national residential surveys (covering the period 1995–1999) and residential surveys carried out in Tartu (1998) and in new suburban settlements of the Tallinn metropolitan region (2006).

There is a widespread agreement that substantial differences existed between socialist and capitalist social systems, resulting in different mechanisms of socio-spatial urban pattern formation and influencing the pattern of residential segregation. Socialist cities are generally characterised by a lower level of residential segregation as compared to capitalist cities. Transition from socialist to market economy in Central and Eastern European countries has brought along new distribution mechanisms, while many continuities originating from the previous system can also be seen. The path dependence embraces the conversion of different types of capital, suggesting that capital accumulated under the communist regime can serve as an advantage, securing a good starting position at the doorstep of the new system.

All the main preconditions for enhanced residential segregation, i.e. increasing social disparities, diminished public intervention – including housing privatisation – and increasing differentiation within the housing stock have paved the way for the expansion of socio-spatial disparities in the housing market of the capital city of Estonia during the post-socialist period. Transition to the market economy has altered social stratification orders in Estonia, allowing many ‘new groups’ to join the elite, whereas the institutional setting has also supported the conversion of capital for many members of the old communist elite. The increased social disparities have led to better visibility of the previously latent residential segregation pattern, as well as to changes resulting from selective residential mobility.

The results of the empirical studies reveal that by the end of the 1990s, the socio-spatial residential pattern in Tallinn was to a large extent still characterised by the continuity of the socialist structures, and no substantial residential segregation or polarisation between housing submarkets and larger spatial units could be seen. However, new market distribution rules have led to a moderate but gradual increase in socio-economic residential disparities. The findings show that the Tallinn metropolitan area is characterised by the development of pockets of wealth and poverty within an otherwise mixed socio-spatial pattern. Some low-status tenement blocks in the inner city have been subject to continuous social decline during the transition period. In the more rapidly developing parts of the city region, in particular the most central gentrifying locations and low-rise suburbs attractive to the affluent, the structures of the old system contrast most sharply with the new market structures. Apart from these extremes, a vast majority of the population remains residing in socialist high-rise housing estates. Developments in these Soviet estates lead to a significant differentiation in the socio-economic residential status between the estates, which largely reflects the socialist housing allocation principles. </text>
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                <text>http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/handle/10062/661</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/938</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193389">
                <text>University of Tartu</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>urban form, urban space, residential area, post-socialist city, urban change, capitalism, economics, residential segregation, privatisation, housing, residential mobility</text>
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                <text>Socio-spatial residential segregation in post-socialist cities : The case of Tallinn, Estonia</text>
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                  <text>Perspectives chinoises</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Revue entièrement consacrée au monde chinois contemporain qu’elle analyse dans ses aspects socio-politiques, économiques, culturels et littéraires, Perspectives chinoises offre une information originale ainsi que des analyses fondées sur des enquêtes de terrain menées par des chercheurs spécialisés.</text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="582008">
                <text>Kai, Zhang</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cet article a pour objet de décrire les différents acteurs qui interviennent dans les projets de rénovation, et donc de délogement, qui se multiplient depuis plusieurs années dans les villes chinoises. Le terme « délogement » a été créé par l’auteur pour désigner le processus particulier qui associe aujourd’hui en Chine rénovation urbaine, destructions de logements et déplacement des habitants. Prenant appui sur une enquête de terrain menée à Shanghai entre 2003 et 2008, il entend donner à voir la diversité des acteurs impliqués dans de tels projets ainsi que les relations variées qu’ils entretiennent avec la sphère officielle. Ces dernières orientent en effet directement le déroulement des négociations menées autour du montant des compensations ou des formes de relogement. </text>
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                <text>http://perspectiveschinoises.revues.org/6488</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="582013">
                <text>« Qui » déloge « qui » dans les projets de rénovation de la vieille ville de Shanghai ?</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194929">
                <text>Kaplan, David H. Advisor</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Kalra, Rajrani</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>High technology is defined as software and hardware firms, information technology enabled services and fiber optics. These firms locate in large cities and take advantage of cheap and high skilled technical skills with knowledge of English language to promote efficiency and productivity in global enterprises. The overarching question addressed in this research is why do some urban regions grow and others stagnate in the global economy? Why do high technology firms choose to locate in some urban areas and not other cities? Since the 1990s the Indian government implemented the policy of liberalization, deregulation and globalization. Large cities such as Bengaluru, Delhi, and Mumbai have experienced a process of urban growth based on agglomeration economies and this has manifested several spatial changes such as specialization of urban regions, growing urban interdependencies, new patterns in the spread of technologies, changes in the product mix of regions and changes in the product mix of the local economy. This research is a study of the Bengaluru and examines the following two major questions: (1) Has the location of high technology in Bengaluru contributed to intra-urban transformations at the ward level? and (2) Have the high tech firms created social gaps within the different wards of Bengaluru? This research uses both quantitative, qualitative methods and geographic information systems (GIS) for analyzing data. Secondary data was collected from Bangalore Development Authority (BDA), Bangalore City Corporation (BCC), Bangalore Transportation Authority (BTA), Census of India, and Department of Information and Technology, Bengaluru. Primary data was collected through interviews. This research concludes that the location of high tech firms has increased the gap and has transformed the high tech wards and non-high tech wards socially and economically and even culturally. The high tech firms do not simply agglomerate in proximity to educational institutions within wards but coexist where wards are characterized by high literacy, illiteracy, slum population, high rise luxurious apartments, shopping malls, poverty and homelessness. An example of such a ward is Koramangala with the best residential locality, excellent educational institutions and cluster of slums are found.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1195648204</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194934">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1098</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194937">
                <text>Kent State University</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>high technology, urban change, Bengaluru</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>High technology and intra-urban transformations: A case study of Bengaluru, India</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Asheim, Bjørn T. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Lundquist, Karl-Johan. Co-supervisor</text>
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                <text>Kalsø Hansen, Høgni</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Competitiveness of city regions has gained a more and more central position in regional development and regional planning within the last decades. A reason for this is that globalisation has caused pressure on industrial structures forcing firms to increase their competitiveness by more actively promoting innovation and knowledge creation. Access to knowledge has therefore become vital for most types of productions in the Western economies.&#13;
&#13;
As creation of and access to knowledge have become increasingly important in order to stay competitive, a growing focus has been put on the geography of highly skilled labour. A growing string of this literature argues that large cities shall be understood as locomotives of regional development and growth because they have an attractive effect on highly skilled labour. This line of thinking is called the urban turn in economic geography. This study examines the urban turn by studying the dynamics of location of economic activities in Nordic countries.&#13;
&#13;
The thesis consists of 5 papers and a research report and offers both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the dynamics of location of economic activities in the knowledge economy. It approaches regional development both from an interregional perspective and an intraregional perspective. It provides a critical and thorough examination of the technology, talent and tolerance approach to regional development put forward by Richard Florida in his book The Rise of the Creative Class by examining the adequateness of the approach in a Swedish and Nordic context, and next it retheorises the approach based on empirical findings. Further, by studying intraregional dynamics in the greater metropolitan area of Copenhagen, the thesis addresses the geographical heterogeneity of the city region on the one side and the importance of social relations for location of economic activities on the other. Thereby the presented research calls for an intraregional perspective in mainstream regional development. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195097">
                <text>http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=12588&amp;postid=819957</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195098">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1114</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Lunds Universitet</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>innovation, urban turn, business climate, people climate, human capital, outer city, creative class, talent, regional development, city regions</text>
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                <text>The urban turn - and the location of economic activities</text>
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                <text>The paper proposes an original strategy for analyzing household sharing of income and satisfaction. Using two different subjective questions from the Russian data RLMS (Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey), we assume a correspondence between, first, the perception of income that household members report and their true income sharing, and, second, between their answer to a satisfaction question and their utility. We show that answers given by different members of the household bring pertinent information on income sharing and utility in the household. In particular, we find a significant effect of the female-male wage ratio in reported income perception and satisfaction differentials between household members. Given that the available data covers the transition period (1994-2003) characterized by massive economic and social changes in Russia, we investigate the dynamics of household behavior.</text>
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                <text>A city is more than a physical imprint. Through its architecture and human use of urban space, it is an extension of its residents, an expression of their culture.

This investigation is situated within the domain of urban historical geography, focusing on both humanistic and structural dimensions of Spanish urbanism. A late medieval through early modern time frame was chosen because it compares and contrasts the Islamic and Christian experiences and imprints during periods of major urban change. By investigating change and continuity across several centuries it was possible to identify the differences between cultural, socio-political, and economic moments and trajectories.

Several themes emerged during preliminary fieldwork in southern Spain in the regions of Andalusia and Extremadura, and were later developed and refined during dissertation fieldwork at the microscale of Sevilla, and barrio, San Bartolomé : (a) Spanish cities in the early modern period (1500-1800) were not predominately Roman from an earlier tradition, or a resuscitation of Roman ideas in the wake of Renaissance. Spain reflects a complex process of cultural exchange - Roman, Visgothic, Jewish, Islamic, and Christian - in planning urban settlements, in which each cultural group had a concept of "cities" from their own experience which they grafted on the structures of the existing infrastructure and expressed in rituals and architecture; (b) Urban planning decisions and use of urban space were motivated by practical considerations, people adapting to their urban environment, planning and administering their cities in a functional pragmatic way, yet ensconced within cultural traditions; (c) The religious use of space in ritual and architecture is embedded in a multi-faceted religious framework, encompassing not only theology, but identity exploration, political and social dimensions, resulting in a continually changing religious context. This research, based on extensive fieldwork, historical and archaeological data, reveals the complexity of the relationship between people and their urban environment, and rejects a single factor deterministic explanation of urbanism.
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                <text>The University of Texas at Austin</text>
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                <text>From Islamic Ishbilya to Christian Sevilla : Transformation and continuity in a multicultural city</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; By the middle of the twenty-first century, more than fifty per cent of the world's population will live in an urban environment. Most of this new urban growth will take place in Asia and Africa, yet most governments in these two continents seem woefully unprepared for the challenges they will face in providing their urban citizens with the basic services and security from poverty, environmental degradation and crime. It is in this context that in-depth studies which lay bare the contours and characteristics of society and institutions in the urban setting of Third World countries assume importance and urgency.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Most studies on urbanisation in developing countries concentrate on slums and shanty towns in isolation from the rest of the society. By contrast, Social Formation in Dhaka, 1985-2005 analyses urbanisation and urban society in a holistic manner, connecting the poor with the non-poor and delineating the change agents of the city. As the first longitudinal study of the social structure of any Third World Megacity, this book will be of interest to urban sociologists, policy-makers, NGOs, and researchers engaged in understanding the development in cities in the global south.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Kamal Siddiqui &lt;/b&gt;is Associate Professor and Director of the Governance Programme at the University of South Pacific, Fiji.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Cette thèse approfondit l'analyse des déterminants de la concentration urbaine et de leur effet à différents stades de développement. De manière générale, l'analyse empirique porte sur les pays en développement examinés sur la période 1950-2000. Après une description des tendances des inégalités urbaines dans ces pays (évolution de l'urbanisation, de la primatie et de la hiérarchie urbaines), l'analyse en 3 groupes de niveau de revenu par tête confirme l'existence de trajectoires particulières des taux d'urbanisation et de la primatie urbaine qui diffèrent significativement selon l'étape de développement considérée. Certains facteurs peuvent encourager une accélération de l'urbanisation et sa concentration dans les villes principales lors des premières étapes du développement. Il s'agit notamment de l'exode rural et du faible niveau d'ouverture économique. D'autres facteurs peuvent freiner voire infléchir la progression du degré de primatie urbaine lors des stades plus avancés de développement, qui semble suivre une courbe en cloche. C'est le cas d'une forte ouverture internationale, d'un faible degré de protection commerciale, d'un réseau routier dense, des coûts de transport interrégionaux faibles et des spécialisations productives plus orientées vers des industries technologiques. Ces phénomènes d'évolution relativement différente des catégories d'agglomérations consécutive à l'évolution des structures industrielles et productives locales, au cours du développement, sont particulièrement examinés dans le cas du Maroc. Ce dernier, pris globalement, se caractérise par un niveau de développement correspondant à l'étape 3, avec un revenu par tête de l'ordre de 2927 $ par tête (en parité de pouvoir d'achat) en 1980. Progressivement à partir de cette date, un certain redéploiement sectoriel et géographique de l'appareil productif tend à s'opérer. La baisse de la primatie du Grand Casablanca est la résultante d'un double mouvement contraire: la délocalisation d'un certain nombre d'activités reposant sur l'exploitation d'économies d'échelle et de bas salaire poussant à la déconcentration urbaine non compensée par la localisation d'activités plus intensives en technologie et de services à la recherche d'économies d'agglomération renforçant la concentration urbaine.</text>
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                <text>Université du Sud Toulon Var</text>
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                <text>primatie urbaine</text>
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                <text>Industrialisation et concentration urbaine</text>
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                <text>La planification en France du plan standard en forme d' « U » sera transformée en celle de « L » afin de s'adapter à un nouveau système d'embarquement alors que les ingénieurs japonais, s'intéressent à l'agencement des fonctions. Pour les façades des gares l'expression moderniste s'articule autour du style néoclassique en France tandis qu'au Japon les éléments occidentaux et japonais se mêlent sur une composition d'inspiration occidentale. Les halles métalliques conçues en France suivent le principe de l'élégance et de la légèreté. Quant au Japon, l'abolition de la halle provient d'un choix délibéré des ingénieurs qui connaissent les défauts fonctionnels mais aussi du fait de la pénurie du fer. L'utilisation de la charpente à grande portée est limitée aux cours intérieures des bâtiments publics. Les architectes se préoccupent de l'acquisition de l'architecture classique. La séparation spatiale entre le bâtiment principal et la halle s'accentue nettement dans les gares japonaises.</text>
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                <text>Ecole des Ponts ParisTech</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>histoire</text>
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                <text>architecture</text>
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                <text>bâtiment</text>
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                <text>gare</text>
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                <text>transport ferroviaire</text>
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                <text>France</text>
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                <text>Japon</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Les gares françaises et japonaises, halle et bâtiment principal - Une recherche comparative. 2 vol.</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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                <text>Kantor, Paul</text>
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                <text>Ce travail discute de l’argument selon lequel le modèle de développement urbain américain serait le reflet d’une pénétration du niveau local par de nouvelles forces libérées par la globalisation économique. Bien que le modèle américain contienne de nombreuses caractéristiques néo-libérales, cette analyse dévoile le rôle important joué par le gouvernement américain dans la constitution d’un système urbain radicalement décentralisé bien avant la nouvelle économie. Il montre également comment ce système est activement soutenu par une intervention croissante de l’Etat à tous les niveaux. La nouvelle économie ne saurait être confondue avec le modèle américain de développement. Au contraire, l’expérience urbaine américaine révèle bien le caractère essentiellement politique du processus de globalisation et le rôle omniprésent des politiques publiques dans son fonctionnement. </text>
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                <text>This survey questions whether the American model of urban development reflects penetration of the local state by new forces unleashed by economic globalization. Although the American model incorporates many neo-liberal features, this analysis describes how government in the USA actually played a key role in erecting a radically decentralized urban system in advance of the new economy. It also surveys how this system is actively sustained through growing state intervention at all governmental levels. The new economy should not be conflated with the American model of development. Rather, the American urban experience is suggestive of the essentially political character of the globalization process and the ubiquitous role of public policy in making it work. </text>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/68</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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                <text>american politics</text>
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                <text>développement urbain</text>
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                <text>globalisation</text>
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                <text>intervention de l’Etat</text>
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                <text>néo-libéralisme</text>
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                <text>politique américaine</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Globalization and the American Model of Urban Development: Making the Market</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>Kantor, Paul</text>
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                <text>Savitch, H.V.</text>
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                <text>L’âge du «régionalisme urbain» est arrivé. Le capitalisme postindustriel se développe avec des modalités qui accordent une nouvelle importance aux villes-régions. De nouvelles formes d’interdépendance économique, l’émergence d’une production spécialisée flexible, la diffusion des nouvelles technologies, et d’autres facteurs font des villes-régions un nœud prédominant dans l’économie globalisée d’aujourd’hui. Bien que les gouvernements de tous niveaux aient fourni des réponses pour gérer cette réalité, l’intervention politique demeure un objet de conflit parce que le développement économique régional a libéré de nouvelles tensions politiques. Certaines tensions naissent des obstacles économiques à une coopération politique de niveau métropolitain. D’autres proviennent de l’intérieur même du processus politique des villes. De nombreux intérêts politiques, y compris ceux des gouvernements, s’opposent à une collaboration jugée nécessaire au niveau des villes-régions parce que cette collaboration met en danger ceux qui ont peur d’y perdre du pouvoir, un statut ou des ressources. Les forces politiques qui font de la résistance aux niveaux local et métropolitain diffèrent cependant en Amérique du Nord et en Europe de l’Ouest. </text>
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                <text>An age of the urban regionalism has arrived. Postindustrial capitalism is evolving in ways that give renewed importance to city regions. New forms of economic interdependence, the rise of specialized flexible production, the spread of new technologies, and other factors are making the city region a prominent node in today’s globalized economy. Although governments at all levels have been responding to manage this reality, political intervention remains a contentious matter because regional economic development has unleashed new political tensions over governance. Some tensions arise from economic obstacles to regional political cooperation. Other tensions arise from the urban political process in city regions. Many political interests, including entire governments, oppose political collaboration necessary for regional governance because it threatens them with loss of power, status or wealth. The political forces favoring resistance at the local and metropolitan levels tend to differ in the North American and Western European contexts, however. </text>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/4284</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="555218">
                <text>en</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="555219">
                <text>city-region</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="555220">
                <text>globalization</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="555221">
                <text>governance</text>
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                <text>new regionalism</text>
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                <text>globalisation</text>
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                <text>gouvernance</text>
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                <text>new regionalism</text>
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                <text>ville-région</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="555227">
                <text>The Politics of City Regions in Comparative Perspective</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
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                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
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              <elementText elementTextId="195261">
                <text>McAuslan, Patrick. Supervisor</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195262">
                <text>Kanyeihamba, George W.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195263">
                <text>1974</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study is intended to be a critical examination of the role of law and the legal profession in urban planning and development in the context of East Africa. It discusses the actual, proposed and possible functions of law and gives a critical analysis of shortcomings in the existing law and attitudes towards the planning process. It begins by discussing the various notions of planning and development and what these mean to different groups of people whose work relates to the subject of planning and development. The first three chapters may be regarded as setting the scene in that they outline the perspective of the study, describe the region and its people, deal with the current and future problems of urbanization, discuss the land tenure systems and evaluate the processes of acquiring land for urban planning and development.</text>
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                <text>Egypt faces a great challenge in relation to the provision of housing for its urban poor. Not only has the right formula to be found of how to satisy the escalating demand, both in terms of quantity and quality, but also of where to locate such housing. The New Cities and Settlements in the desert seem to be the only option left in order to combat the continuous loss of the agricultural land to the expanding existing urban centres. The New Cities however, initiated in the late 70's, failed to attract the low income groups of settlers. This was mainly due to the lack of affordable housing for such groups. Whilst thousands of finished residential units remain unoccupied, the workers employed in some of the New Cities' factories are commuting on a daily basis to and from the closest urban or agricultural centres near Cairo. &#13;
&#13;
This research argues that aided self-help and user interventions in general could offer an appropriate answer. When most of the New Cities and Settlements were planned many self-help schemes were proposed but were frequently abandoned in favour of the conventional medium rise mass housing approach. Little or no research has been carried out to evaluate the very few schemes which were implemented. The decision to cancel self-help schemes was entirely political and seemed to stem from the governments fear of the creation of sub-standard and poor image built environments within the New Cities. &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Once a centre for international trade and finance, Singapore is now a &amp;quot;global city.&amp;quot; Singapore from Temasek to the 21st Century: Reinventing the Global City examines its evolution from trading port to city-state, showing how Singapore has repeatedly reinvented itself by creating or re-asserting qualities that helped attract capital, talent and trade. In the 14th century, the island's prosperity rested on regulating the regional carrying trade passing through the Straits of Melaka. In 1819, after a long period of decline, the British East India Company revived the island's fortunes by making Singapore a &amp;quot;free&amp;quot; port, and trade sustained the city until the Japanese occupation and the postwar collapse of colonial rule. After independence, Singapore resumed its role as a major cenre for trade and finance, but added facilities to make the island a regional centre for manufacturing. More recently, it has transformed its population into an educated and highly-skilled workforce, and has made the island an education hub that is a magnet for research and development in the fields such as biotechnology.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Singapore's dramatic, centuries-long struggle defies description as a sequentially unfolding narrative, or merely as the story of a nation. In this volume, a group of international scholars examines the history of Singapore as a series of discontinuous and varied attempts by a shifting array of local and foreign elites to optimize advantages arising from the island's strategic location and overcome its lack of natural resources. Part I sets the scene by considering different ways of looking at the island's long-term history and evaluating Singapore as a global city. Part II provides a series of snapshots of Singapore between 14th and 21st centuries, positioning the island as a major node in regional and world history, and evaluating the local political and social structures that have underpinned the city's ability to function as a major urban centre and ensured its long-term survival.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Karl Hack&lt;/b&gt; taught at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore from 1995 to 2006. He is now Chair of the Empire Course at the Open University, United Kingdom.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Jean-Louis Margolin&lt;/b&gt; is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Provence at Aix, and a researcher at the Research Institute on Southeast Asia (IRSEA-CNRS), Marseilles.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Karine Delaye&lt;/b&gt; is Research Associate at the Research Institute of Southeast Asia (IRSEA-CNRS), Marseilles.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>The paper discusses a simple methodological tool for supporting the participatory elaboration of future urban scenarios through successive approximations. It systematizes one possible way to build answers to a set of critical questions when attempting to compose strategic urban programs. To this end, we focused on devising a simple sequence of understandable, easy-to-apply Multi Criteria Evaluation instruments which - by means of 'light' 'accounting' calculation procedures - may "help (planners) to think" (Calcagno, 1972). The deliberate simplicity of this approach - an 'intelligent', transparent and intentional management of elements of analytical and intervention fields, funded on their exhaustive qualitative descriptions and on explicit statements of interests and purposes - prioritises the political side of decision - making. Thus, the paper also seeks to contribute to the reflection on the roles and views of social actors when defining and constructing urban public scenarios. First, we discuss the conceptual and political contents and implications of Diagnoses and Scenario-building, in which involved actors (i) elaborate causal interpretations of urban processes, (ii) specify and select strategic trajectories and (iii) compose and structure project portfolios, by (eventually) supporting them through progressive agreements and consensus. Next, we propose a methodological approach to assessing institutional feasibility and political viability of given strategic trajectories. Finally, we discuss some contextual and operational conditions of these analyses. On the technical side, this framework is originally focused on the interactions among Land Use, Mobility and Energy consumption patterns, three strong determinants of the socio-spatial structuring of territories which - both in Argentina and other Latin American countries - are seldom addressed through transversal, integrated planning approaches. Quite on the contrary, public urban management models - referred to those as well as to other relevant drivers of urban structuring - are most often characterized by remarkable jurisdictional and institutional disarticulation, high technical and thematic fragmentation, ritual emphases on bureaucratic processes rather than on factual objectives or results. Accordingly, formulation and evaluation of public urban policies usually present extremely low levels of systemic completeness. It is suggested that - in these types of highly fragmented governance environments - this approach may contribute to making experts' and social actors' views explicit and to enabling transversal thinking. The analysis of diverse structuring, feasibility and viability assessments may - if applied through successive approximations - help planners to reconfigure the strategic composition of public policies, whether by (i) modifying the strategy portfolio, (ii) modifying the sequence of strategies or (iii) incorporating new strategies in order to modify the balance between involved actors' rejections and supports, while maintaining the meanings, orientations and aims of the evaluated policy.</text>
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                <text>Building-up urban scenarios: assessing institutional feasibility and political viability of strategic trajectories.</text>
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                <text>Grenoble</text>
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                <text>L'objet de notre contribution vise à répondre à un des questionnements posés par le programme scientifique du colloque, à savoir : " Comment fait-on une ambiance dans le projet d'architecture et d'urbanisme ? ". L'étude présentée est historico-sociale. Elle consiste à comprendre par quels moyens l' " architecte " tunisien du XVIIIes traduisait ses intentions de " mise en lumière " de l'espace domestique citadin. A cette fin, nous nous intéresserons à tout ce qui relève de la " fabrication " d'ambiances lumineuses dans la grande demeure tunisoise de la période husseinite : types d'ouverture, types de dispositions spatiales, modes d'agencement des espaces. Pouvons nous affirmer que cet " architecte " se préoccupait de la " mise en ambiances lumineuses " de la demeure d'une manière consciente et réfléchie ?</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/83/39/65/PDF/Ambiance2008_Karoui.pdf</text>
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                <text>Creating an atmosphere|Faire une ambiance</text>
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                <text>1st International Congress on Ambiances, Grenoble 2008</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>[SHS:PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy</text>
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                <text>architecture</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>La "mise en ambiances lumineuses" de la grande demeure tunisoise du XVIIIe siècle : entre conscience sensible et savoir constitué</text>
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                <text>conference proceeding</text>
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                <text>Karoui, Hind</text>
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                <text>La recherche que nous menons est un essai de reconstitution des ambiances lumineuses dans les grandes demeures des dignitaires du pouvoir beylical du XVIIIe et du début du XIXe siècle (1704-1815), situées dans la médina de Tunis. Notre objectif est de comprendre les rôles respectifs de l' " architecte " et des usagers dans cette " mise en lumière " de l'espace domestique traditionnel tunisois. Deux points essentiels ont articulé notre réflexion. Le premier point concerne le profil des habitants et du chef de la corporation des maîtres-maçons, chargé de la conception et de l'exécution des travaux, le deuxième point porte sur la caractérisation des ambiances lumineuses des espaces de la demeure. Notre méthode d'approche est de type interactionnelle. Elle nous permet de combiner le volet lié à l'histoire-sociale avec le volet expérimental. Cette méthode s'applique à la modélisation géométrique, à la simulation numérique ainsi qu'aux prises de mesures d'éclairement, effectuées dans une des demeures de notre corpus, à savoir dãr Ben Abdallah (quartier Bãb el-Jazîra). Les types de percement et d'éléments de protection solaire qui leur ont été ajoutés, ainsi que leur orientation et leur emplacement dans la demeure, ont été de même analysés. Par ailleurs, à l'aide du logiciel d'éclairement SOLENE (CERMA, UMR, CNRS 1563), nous avons dressé des cartographies d'éclairement, pour décrire trois scènes de vie que nous avons considéré comme étant représentatives de la vie familiale de l'époque. Il s'agit : 1. D'une restitution d'un moment de détente du propriétaire, le ministre Slimãne Kéhia dans son observatoire privé (kushk), 2. D'une rencontre entre son épouse, la princesse Aziza avec ses invitées, dans la salle en " T " de la maison des hôtes, 3. D'une journée de travail, particulièrement laborieuse, vécue par les jeunes servantes noires, à l'occasion de l'approvisionnement annuel de la famille en couscous. Chacune de ces trois scènes se déroulaient à des moments particuliers de l'année et dans un espace spécifique de la demeure. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de saisir la relation existante entre les goûts et les désirs des usagers d'une part, les pratiques constructives et le savoir-faire de l' " architecte " d'autre part, avec la qualité lumineuse des espaces habitables. Pourquoi donc ne pas parler d'une " culture de la lumière ", qui se dessine à travers les faits et gestes des habitants et dans leur façon de gérer, d'ajuster et de contrôler les dispositifs d'éclairement par rapport à leur mode de vie, à leurs goûts et aspirations ?</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724004</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/72/40/04/PDF/THESE_Hind_Karoui.pdf</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Ambiance lumineuse</text>
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                <text>" architecte " (amîn el-binã')</text>
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                <text>Eclairage naturel</text>
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                <text>Lumière du jour</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="487356">
                <text>Mesures d'éclairement</text>
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                <text>Notables</text>
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                <text>Scènes de vie</text>
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                <text>Usages</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Sensibilité aux ambiances lumineuses dans l'architecture des grandes demeures husseinites du XVIIIe - début XIXe siècles.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ce travail se propose d'étudier l'évolution de deux des principales ciuitates de la province de Lugdunensis I. Il vise à comprendre l'organisation du territoire, les structures sociales et économiques de ces ciuitates entre la formation de l'Empire des Gaules (260 apr. J.-C.) et la fin du royaume des Burgondes (530 apr. J.-C.). Après avoir abordé les problèmes méthodologiques, archéologiques et historiques posés par l'étude de ces deux ciuitates, il traite en détail de la ville d'Autun, des agglomérations secondaires (dont Chalon), des campagnes et des pratiques religieuses. Une dernière partie est consacrée à la synthèse des données, replacée dans une trame chronologique et historique destinée à faire valoir les étapes de la transformation progressive de la société à cette période charnière de l'histoire.</text>
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                <text>Université de Bourgogne</text>
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                <text>[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Antiquité tardive</text>
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                <text>Éduens</text>
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                <text>Chalon</text>
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                <text>campagne</text>
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                <text>paganisme</text>
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                <text>christianisme</text>
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                <text>Les cités des Eduens et de Chalon durant l'Antiquité tardive (v. 260-530 env.). Contribution à l'étude de l'Antiquité tardive en Gaule centrale.</text>
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                <text>Kassi, Irène</text>
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                <text>A l'instar des autres métropoles subsahariennes, Abidjan traverse une crise multiforme. Elle se traduit, entre autres, par une croissance urbaine accélérée, par une réduction des emplois modernes et, par voie de conséquence, par un renforcement des activités de l'informel, le tout dans un contexte d'affaiblissement de l'Etat et de son administration. Comme tous les secteurs socio-économiques, celui des transports n'a pas été épargné par cette crise. L'extension spatiale rapide conjuguée à la pression démographique et les changements des principes gestionnaires ont influé sur le système de transport collectif. Ces facteurs ont entraîné l'essor du secteur privé populaire : woro-woro et gbaka. L'initiative privée pallie l'insuffisance d'Etat régulateur et a ouvert la porte à diverses pratiques illicites comme la corruption et le racket dans le secteur. Les transports populaires constituent un secteur pourvoyeur d'emplois. Leur dynamique a permis une certaine amélioration du transport urbain local. En revanche, elle pose un certain nombre de problèmes urbanistiques et gestionnaires. Les rues, les trottoirs et les carrefours sont détournés de leur fonction circulatoire au profit d'une émergence de gares spontanées. Les recettes générées constituent une manne financière pour les acteurs, l'Etat et les collectivités locales peu efficaces à réguler ces activités sur le territoire urbain</text>
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