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                <text>State Violence as an Adjustment Type of Urban Growth : the Case of Khartoum (Sudan).

The population of khartoum, national capital of the Sudan, trebled during the past 20 years. Its conurbation entails now over 4.5 million inhabitants. Its suburbs have been overflo- oded by the influx of migrants from all the country, victims of drought, hunger and civil wars. The military-islamist regime that took over in june 1989 has launched a policy of authoritarian controll of these flows, within the frame of a new city planning. Under the disguise of public hygiena and the protection of the urban character of the town, this policy is based on the seclusion and expelling of migrants that are neither Muslims nor Arabized, originating from the South. On the other side, in order to reduce the chocking of the city-center, a policy of administrative and social délocalisation is set at the level of the urban district. The other projects dealing with the improvement of infrastructures, and the foundation of satellite-cities with the aim of absorbing the rural influx of migrants close to industrial areas at some distance of Khartoum, are at a standstill, due to the lack of finance. Altogether, the politics of the Sudanese State toward Khartoum does not entail any proper islamic dimension; it expresses mostly security concerns, and a view of the urban fabric opposite to its role of a human and cultural melting pot of the Nation.</text>
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                <text>Khartoum, capitale du Soudan, a vu sa population tripler en 20 ans. L'agglomération dépasse aujourd'hui 4,5 millions d'habitants. Ses périphéries ont en effet été envahies par les migrants venus de tout le pays, victimes de la sécheresse, de la famine ou des guerres civiles. Le régime militaro-islamiste en place depuis 1989 a adopté une politique de régulation autoritaire de ces afflux, intégrée dans un nouveau schéma d'aménagement de la capitale. Sous couvert d'hygiène publique et de protection du caractère urbain de la ville, cette politique repose en fait sur le cantonnement et l'éviction des immigrants ni musulmans, ni arabisés en provenance du Sud. D'autre part, pour réduire la congestion du centre-ville, une politique de déconcentration administrative et sociale est mise en oeuvre au niveau du quartier. Les autres projets concernant l'amélioration des infrastructures et la fondation de villes-satellites pour absorber l'exode rural près des zones d'activités à distance de la ville, sont victimes de l'absence de moyens financiers. Au total, la politique de l'Etat soudanais à l'égard de Karthoum ne comporte pas de dimension proprement islamique; elle manifeste surtout des préoccupations d'ordre sécuritaire et une vision de la «fabrique» urbaine à l'opposé de son rôle de creuset humain et culturel de la Nation.</text>
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                <text>La violence d'Etat comme mode de régulation de la croissance urbaine: le cas de Khartoum (Soudan)</text>
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                <text>Sur fond de crise, la casse sociale bat son plein : vies jetables et existences sacrifiées. Mais les licenciements boursiers ne sont que les manifestations les plus visibles d’un phénomène dont il faut prendre toute la mesure : nous vivons une phase d’intensification multiforme de la violence sociale.&#13;
&#13;
Mêlant enquêtes, portraits vécus et données chiffrées, Michel Pinçon et Monique Pinçon-Charlot dressent le constat d’une grande agression sociale, d’un véritable pilonnage des classes populaires : un monde social fracassé, au bord de l’implosion.&#13;
&#13;
Loin d’être l’œuvre d’un « adversaire sans visage », cette violence de classe, qui se marque dans les têtes et dans les corps, a ses agents, ses stratégies et ses lieux. Les dirigeants politiques y ont une part écrasante de responsabilité. Les renoncements récents doivent ainsi être replacés dans la longue histoire des petites et grandes trahisons d’un socialisme de gouvernement qui a depuis longtemps choisi son camp.&#13;
&#13;
À ceux qui taxent indistinctement de « populisme » toute opposition à ces politiques qui creusent la misère sociale et font grossir les grandes fortunes, les auteurs renvoient le compliment : il est grand temps de faire la critique du « bourgeoisisme ».&#13;
&#13;
Une version électronique de cet ouvrage est librement accessible sur le site des éditions Zones.</text>
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                <text>Les petites villes semblent peu concernées par la violence urbaine, phénomène essentiellement métropolitain. Pourtant, si des mécanismes évidents de contrôle social y limitent la délinquance juvénile, il règne dans les chefs-lieux locaux une violence politique latente, et dans les périodes de crise, de brutales explosions peuvent y survenir. (Résumé d'auteur)</text>
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                <text>Afin de limiter les impacts du changement climatique sur la planète, les experts du Groupe Intergouvernemental d'experts sur l'Evolution du Climat (GIEC) préconisent une division par deux des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre à l'horizon 2050. Cet objectif impose une division par quatre (i.e. facteur 4) des émissions de gaz à effet de serre des pays industrialisés comme la France. Le secteur des transports peut-il se plier à cette exigence ? A l'aide du modèle TILT (Transport Issues in the Long Term), centré sur les relations macroéconomiques et microéconomiques du système de transport, ce papier recherche les conditions à réunir pour que soit atteint, en France, le « facteur 4 ». Si les progrès techniques annoncés par les ingénieurs sont au rendez-vous, nous pouvons atteindre un facteur 2. L'autre moitié du chemin doit donc être réalisée par une modification des comportements des individus et des entreprises. Trois familles de scénarios sont proposées pour en illustrer le contenu de ces évolutions. Elles montrent que les estimations de trafic et d'émissions ne disent pas tout. Pour donner un contenu concret aux scénarios, il est nécessaire de cerner précisément les politiques publiques capables de conduire aux inflexions souhaitées et les changements de comportements qu'elles appellent.</text>
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                <text>Cette thèse tente de montrer comment les objectifs de la gestion (au sens large) de la voirie urbaine ont évolué au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années. La mise en évidence de ces évolutions se fera au travers de trois filtres différents, qui sont significatifs d'approches parfois contradictoires d'un même objet dénommé voirie urbaine.&lt;br /&gt;Une approche dite « technique », une « politique » et enfin une troisième dite « financière ».&lt;br /&gt;Ces trois angles de vue soulignent la diversité des usages et des fonctions assignées à la voirie urbaine, qui est un réseau pour les uns, un espace pour les autres, ou simplement un domaine d'intervention communales. Cette richesse naturelle de la voirie doit être préservée, ce qui suppose de définir un mode de gestion qui brise les baronnies techniques qui tentent de se l'approprier.&lt;br /&gt;Cette thèse se propose de montrer comment une approche patrimoniale peut être un mode de gestion globale, adapté aux enjeux futurs sur la voirie.</text>
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                <text>Université Lumière - Lyon II</text>
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                <text>La Voirie urbaine : de l'accumulation à la gestion patrimoniale</text>
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                <text>Cette thèse s'intéresse aux interactions urbanisation – paysage pour comprendre et anticiper les dynamiques du territoire en zone littorale. Depuis plusieurs décennies, les côtes européennes et méditerranéennes sont gagnées par l'artificialisation produite par l'économie résidentielle et touristique. La question du rôle du paysage dans les causes de cette urbanisation, mais aussi dans sa possible régulation, se pose donc avec intérêt. Dans ce contexte, l'étude de la vue sur la mer, quintessence du paysage littoral, apparaît essentielle. L'hypothèse de son influence sur l'urbanisation et, simultanément, celle de l'intérêt d'une connaissance géographique de la visibilité de la mer pour aider à la gestion de l'espace côtier est donc formulée. Pour démontrer l'effet de la vue sur mer sur l'urbanisation du littoral, la thèse propose une méthode de cartographie des espaces soumis à la vue sur mer et s'appuie sur l'étude de la relation spatiale entre visibilité de la mer et occupation du sol. La démonstration est réalisée sur deux territoires littoraux méditerranéens, dont le développement territorial doit beaucoup aux données du paysage : la Côte d'Azur, en France, et la Riviera du Ponant, en Italie. La démarche est menée à deux échelles et à plusieurs niveaux d'analyse de l'espace géographique, avec les outils et les méthodes de traitement de l'information à référence spatiale (le SIG est au cœur du dispositif). Une fois validée, elle est mise à profit pour étayer l'idée que la connaissance de la vue sur mer peut être instaurée en outil urbanistique. Ceci consiste en une expérimentation menée en partenariat avec une commune côtière des Alpes-Maritimes.</text>
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                <text>Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis</text>
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                <text>La vue sur mer et l'urbanisation du littoral. Approche géographique et cartographique sur la Côte d'Azur et la Riviera du Ponant</text>
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                <text>Se constituye la noción de vulnerabilidad a raíz de corrientes académicas críticas a partir de finales de los años 1960. Como concepto progresista del análisis de riesgo, contribuye a poner de realce la organización, las relaciones sociales y la estructura causal, alejándose del espacio de la amenaza natural, para entender las lógicas sociales imperantes en las situaciones de riesgo. Si bien las representaciones de los riesgos y sus discursos permiten ubicar el marco cognitivo y conceptual que caracteriza una sociedad, una mirada social y política de los riesgos y del ambiente nos lleva a materializar el análisis de los riesgos, de lo que se llevó estudiando como eventos naturales durante décadas. De forma articulada con el simposio, se propone ahí estudiar discursos y representaciones de los riesgos en Caracas en función de sus articulaciones con la organización y el orden social, y con las relaciones de poder y de dominación. Expondré mi reflexión a partir de tres ilustraciones: 1- Las correspondencias entre la representación del ambiente y la morfología urbana en Caracas desde finales del siglo XVIII hasta hoy; 2- Las implicaciones de la polarización política y de la representación naturalista de los riesgos en la evaluación de riesgos que hizo la agencia de cooperación JICA en Caracas; 3- La dimensión performativa e instrumental de las declaraciones del presidente Chavez a raíz de deslizamientos masivos en la ciudad... discurso que viene apoyar (legitimar) reformas importantes de la tenencia de la tierra urbana. La propuesta consiste en articular la dimensión discursiva con características materiales, necesariamente situadas, de la sociedad estudiada a través de la noción de territorio (definido por la geografía social francesa). Se inscribe dentro de los esfuerzos de "rematerialización" de la geografía cultural plasmados en el debate británico de principios de los años 2000.</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Riesgo</text>
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                <text>vulnerabilidad</text>
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                <text>LA VULNERABILIDAD URBANA : REDUCCIÓN DE RIESGO Y EMANCIPACIÓN SOCIAL. EJEMPLOS EN VENEZUELA</text>
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                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
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                <text>http://www.cybergeo.eu/index22022.html</text>
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                <text>D'Ercole Robert, Metzger Pascale. La vulnérabilité territoriale : une nouvelle approche des risques en milieu urbain. Cybergeo, 2009, 16 p. </text>
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                <text>MILIEU URBAIN</text>
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                <text>CARTOGRAPHIE</text>
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                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
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                <text>RISQUE NATUREL</text>
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                <text>GESTION DU RISQUE</text>
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                <text>VULNERABILITE</text>
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                <text>La vulnérabilité territoriale : une nouvelle approche des risques en milieu urbain</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
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              <elementText elementTextId="381266">
                <text>335-347</text>
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                <text>Claire Chevigné</text>
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                <text>Cracow peri-urban area. 

Périurbanisation in Cracow voivoidship encompasses various processes and mechanisms, like in the whole Poland. If we assume perirurbanisation as being an overspill of the city into the countryside, two main mutations - functional and morphological - reflect it through growing part of workers-peasants in active population // and building of new houses in non-urban areas. Areas neighbouring greatest urban- industrial centres are mainly concerned by this periurbanisation.</text>
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                <text>La périurbanisation dans la voïvodie de Cracovie recouvre, à l'image de la Pologne, des processus et mécanismes fort divers. Si l'on considère celle-ci comme un déversement de la ville dans la campagne, deux mutations essentielles - fonctionnelle et morphologique - l'expriment. Elles se tra- // duisent essentiellement par l'apparition des ouvriers-paysans et l'édification de nouveaux logements dans les espaces non urbains. Les plus touchés par cette périur- banisation sont les espaces contigus aux grands centres urbano-industriels.</text>
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                <text>Chevigné Claire. La zone périurbaine de Cracovie.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1991-2. Les franges périurbaines Peri-urban fringes. pp. 335-347.</text>
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                <text>workers-peasants ; periurbanisation ; Cracow voivoidship ; new housing buildings.</text>
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                <text>nouvelles constructions de logements. ; périur-banisation ; Voïvodie de Cracovie ; ouvriers-paysans</text>
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                <text>La zone périurbaine de Cracovie.</text>
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                <text>Chao Antoine, Saint-Denis, Le Franc-Moisin, Stade de France, jardins ouvriers, lycéens, stigmatisation, représentations, langage, radio, son</text>
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2 avril 2010

</text>
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Antoine Chao</text>
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                <text>http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1900</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;         Un reportage &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; diffus&amp;eacute; dans &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/em/labassijysuis/"&gt;L&amp;agrave; bas si j'y suis&lt;/a&gt;  de Daniel Mermet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ici au Franc Moisin, aujourd&amp;rsquo;hui, il y le Stade de France, des jardins ouvrier, le fort de l&amp;rsquo;Est, des cit&amp;eacute;s et le lyc&amp;eacute;e Suger. Depuis septembre, Antoine Chao a anim&amp;eacute; un &amp;quot;atelier radio&amp;quot; avec les lyc&amp;eacute;ens et des &amp;eacute;l&amp;egrave;ves du Bts audiovisuel de ce lyc&amp;eacute;e. Des semaines de travail pour une initiation au langage radiophonique, une formation critique aux medias dans un quartier o&amp;ugrave; on ne les aime pas forc&amp;eacute;ment, un apprentissage du son...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Destination Suger !&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les lyc&amp;eacute;ens : Stephy Sompa, Marissa Decampe, Nawal Bassim, Sonia Ben Dhasen, Mohamed Bassim, Ibrahim Hanafi, Zachary Saghadaoui, Souhail Ben Radhia, Massiany et Marinata&lt;br /&gt;
Maxime Hammer, John Sainturat et Maxime Beaudet du Bts audiovisuel option son&lt;br /&gt;
Et Aur&amp;eacute;lie Gigot, Pascal Stoller, Pierre Cuturello, Hyppolyte Courty et Igor Dolley Kawabata&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;                   &lt;strong&gt;Ecoute et Podcast :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;Comme pour toutes les &amp;eacute;missions de France Inter, les &amp;eacute;missions de         L&amp;agrave;-bas si j'y suis peuvent &amp;ecirc;tre &amp;eacute;cout&amp;eacute;es sur son site jusqu'&amp;agrave; la         diffusion de la prochaine &amp;eacute;mission.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;         Heureusement, le site non officiel de L&amp;agrave;-bas si j'y suis, &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.la-bas.org/"&gt;www.la-bas.org&lt;/a&gt;          , conserve et offre &amp;agrave; tous les enregistrements de toutes les &amp;eacute;missions         de Daniel Mermet sous tous les formats audios possibles. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il propose         &amp;eacute;galement un service de podcast de L&amp;agrave;-bas si j'y suis. Merci aux         animateurs de ce site !&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>banlieue, ségrégation sociale, logement social, culture urbaine, discrimination, équité sociale, espace urbain, exclusion, habitat précaire, lien social, quartier populaire, service public</text>
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Daniel Mermet</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quelques &amp;eacute;missions de L&amp;agrave;-bas si j'y suis s&amp;eacute;lectionn&amp;eacute;es pour vous par Cr&amp;eacute;villes.org : &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1327" target="_blank"&gt;Mardi 25 d&amp;eacute;cembre 2007 :&lt;/a&gt;  Balade &amp;agrave; Sanaa, au Y&amp;eacute;men&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1301" target="_blank"&gt;Mardi 27 novembre 2007 :&lt;/a&gt;  Retour &amp;agrave; La Courneuve, un an apr&amp;egrave;s &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1273" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 1er novembre 2007 :&lt;/a&gt;  Dacca en cyclo-pousse ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1236" target="_blank"&gt;Mercredi 19 septembre 2007 :&lt;/a&gt;  Les ghettos du Gotha, ou comment les riches d&amp;eacute;fendent leurs espaces&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Mardi 19 juin 2007&lt;/a&gt; :   Un jour aux bains douches&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Vendredi 11 mai 2007&lt;/a&gt; : Jamais sans toit (3)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1175" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 10 mai 2007&lt;/a&gt; : Jamais sans toit (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1174" target="_blank"&gt;Mercredi 9 mai 2007&lt;/a&gt; : Jamais sans toit (1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1166" target="_blank"&gt;Lundi 30 avril 2007&lt;/a&gt; : Au coeur du Saint-P&amp;eacute;tersbourg de Dosto&amp;iuml;evski&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1099" target="_blank"&gt;Vendredi 2 f&amp;eacute;vrier 2007&lt;/a&gt; : Le Chiffonnier des beaux quartiers (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1098" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 1er f&amp;eacute;vrier 2007&lt;/a&gt; : Le Chiffonnier des beaux quartiers (1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1010" target="_blank"&gt;Lundi 16 octobre 2006&lt;/a&gt; : La Courneuve, un an apr&amp;egrave;s&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1000" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 5 octobre 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Le chien aboie mais la caravane ne passe pas&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=985" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 21 septembre 2006&lt;/a&gt; : La reconqu&amp;ecirc;te de Marseille (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=984" target="_blank"&gt;Mercredi 20 septembre 2006&lt;/a&gt; : La reconqu&amp;ecirc;te de Marseille (1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=978" target="_blank"&gt;Mercredi 13 septembre 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Parias urbains. Entretien avec Lo&amp;iuml;c Wacquant, auteur de l'ouvrage du m&amp;ecirc;me titre&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=977" target="_blank"&gt;Mardi 12 septembre 2006&lt;/a&gt; : R&amp;eacute;gie de Quartier &amp;agrave; Aubervilliers (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=975" target="_blank"&gt;Lundi 11 septembre 2006&lt;/a&gt; : R&amp;eacute;gie de Quartier &amp;agrave; Aubervilliers (1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=959" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 29 juin 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Ballade dans Dacca&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=955" target="_blank"&gt;Vendredi 23 juin 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Il est cinq heures, Paris s'&amp;eacute;veille&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=929" target="_blank"&gt;Vendredi 19 mai 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Un jour comme un autre dans ma cit&amp;eacute; (4)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=928" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 18 mai 2006 &lt;/a&gt;: Un jour comme un autre dans ma cit&amp;eacute; (3)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=927" target="_blank"&gt;mercredi 17 mai 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Un jour comme un autre dans ma cit&amp;eacute; (2)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=926" target="_blank"&gt;Mardi 16 mai 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Un jour comme un autre dans ma cit&amp;eacute; (1)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=897" target="_blank"&gt;Mardi 18 avril 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Nanterre, m&amp;eacute;moire d'un bidonville&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=894" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 13 avril 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Quartier Nord (Amiens)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=889" target="_blank"&gt;Jeudi 6 avril 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Aulnay et CPE : &amp;agrave; l'ombre du printemps&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=888" target="_blank"&gt;Mercredi 5 avril 2006&lt;/a&gt; : Aulnay par temps de CPE &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Ecoute et Podcast :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;Comme pour toutes les &amp;eacute;missions de France Inter, les &amp;eacute;missions de L&amp;agrave;-bas si j'y suis peuvent &amp;ecirc;tre &amp;eacute;cout&amp;eacute;es sur son site jusqu'&amp;agrave; la diffusion de la prochaine &amp;eacute;mission.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elles peuvent &amp;eacute;galement &amp;ecirc;tre podcast&amp;eacute;es. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt; Mais surtout, le site non officiel de L&amp;agrave;-bas si j'y suis, &lt;a href="http://www.la-bas.org/article.php3?id_article=1392" target="_blank"&gt;www.la-bas.org&lt;/a&gt;  , conserve et offre &amp;agrave; tous les enregistrements de toutes les &amp;eacute;missions de Daniel Mermet sous tous les formats audios possibles. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Il propose &amp;eacute;galement un service de podcast de L&amp;agrave;-bas si j'y suis. Merci aux animateurs de ce site !&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>La ville de Laâyoune apparaît comme une incongruité géographique. Cette cité a connue au cours des trente dernières années une croissance spectaculaire en dépit d'un environnement hostile et très insuffisant en ressources tant économiques qu'aquifère. La région ne reçoit que 45 mm d'eau par an. Les 2/3 de l'eau de la ville provient d'une usine de désalinisation et le reste de la nappe phréatique. Cette dernière a baissé de moitié sur les vingt dernières années et connaît des problèmes d'infiltration de l'eau de mer. Avant la marche verte, en 1975, la ville était un poste militaire espagnol comptant 6000 habitants permanents. Elle n'était, avant 1930, qu'un point de ravitaillement en eau des caravanes de passage. Aujourd'hui, il s'agit de la seconde ville du Sahara avec près de 200 000 habitants. Cette croissance n'a en rien à voir avec un quelconque boom économique. Cette explosion démographique peut se comprendre si l'on appréhende la ville comme une interface entre deux Océans : le Sahara d'une part, et l'Atlantique (et au-delà, l'Europe) d'autre part. Laâyoune est la clé de voûte de la politique saharienne du Maroc. Le contrôle de l'ensemble du territoire saharien repose sur le contrôle de la ville. La cité fait figure de porte d'accès à un Hinterland qui s'étend jusqu'à la Mauritanie. Cette stratégie politique repose sur un arrière-plan économique. Le port de la ville permet l'exploitation des ressources naturelles de la région, principalement la pêche et le phosphate. Par ailleurs, la ville se situe à 80 Kms des côtes des Canaries espagnoles. Cette proximité géographique se surimpose au contexte historique puisque la région fut sous domination espagnole entre 1919 et 1975. Une forte communauté sahraouie réside pour ces raisons dans l'Archipel. Elle est le support d'une importante circulation migratoire entre les deux rives. Depuis la fin des années 1990, avec la traversée de plus en plus difficile du détroit de Gibraltar, des migrants d'autres régions du Maroc, puis d'autres régions du monde, sont venus grossir les flux migratoires. Pour cette raison, Laâyoune fait figure de porte sur l'Europe et sur le monde. Nous allons essayer ici de dégager les raisons de cette croissance. Nous présenterons en premier lieu la composition de la population et leur origine. Dans un second temps, nous établirons le lien entre l'augmentation de la population et le conflit du Sahara Occidental. Enfin, nous nous pencherons sur une autre forme de mobilité qui s'inscrit en seconde main dans le contexte général : celle des immigrés clandestins qui tentent de rentrer en Europe par les Canaries.</text>
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Juillet 2010

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L'Harmattan

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Situ&amp;eacute; au c&amp;oelig;ur du massif du Fouta Djallon, Lab&amp;eacute; offre l'aspect d'une ville en pleine expansion spatiale et d&amp;eacute;mographique avec des activit&amp;eacute;s multiples. A l'origine simple village, cette cit&amp;eacute; sut r&amp;eacute;sister au d&amp;eacute;mant&amp;egrave;lement des chefs-lieux de province par le pouvoir colonial. Principal centre urbain de la Moyenne-Guin&amp;eacute;e, elle s'affirme comme une ville-champignon rayonnant sur la r&amp;eacute;gion environnante et ouverte aux &amp;eacute;changes avec les autres r&amp;eacute;gions naturelles de Guin&amp;eacute;e et les pays limitrophes.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Abdoul Goudoussi Diallo&lt;/b&gt; a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; Chef du d&amp;eacute;partement de g&amp;eacute;ographie et Doyen de la Facult&amp;eacute; des lettres et sciences humaines de l'universit&amp;eacute; de Conakri, et fondateur du Centre universitaire de Lab&amp;eacute;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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19 November 2010

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Babatunde Fashola</text>
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Lagos is one the fastest growing cities in Africa, and the seventh fastest growing city in the world. Governor Babatunde Fashola discusses how his administration is managing rapid urbanization and growth of this 17.5 million city, the engine of Nigeria's economy. Central to his strategy is the view that cities must pursue a bottom-up approach to solve the environmental and social challenges of the contemporary city.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Babatunde Fashola &lt;/b&gt;is the youngest Governor of Lagos State in the history of Nigeria and a lawyer by profession.&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>in the 1920s Nigerian newspapers began to report pickpocketing and prostitution by young people. Until the appointment, in 1941, of the first Social Welfare Officer, this was largely ignored by the administration. Then two processes were implemented : ‘juvenile delinquency' as a social problem; and criminalization of a large portion of urban youth.</text>
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                <text>Voir en ligne le blog de Jean Baubérot http://jeanbauberotlaicite.blogspirit.com/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contrairement à ce que l'on a souvent tendance à penser, la laïcité à la française ne date pas seulement des lois créant l'école laïque (dans les années 1880), ni de la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat (en 1905). Dès la Révolution, il s'est opéré, dans notre pays, une laïcisation spécifique dont la logique propre n'a jamais été complètement remise en cause. Ainsi, en septembre 1792, l'état civil est instauré et le mariage devient légalement un simple contrat civil. Cette situation est alors unique en Europe, et personne, au cours du XIXe siècle, ne la modifiera globalement. Par ailleurs, et de façon très significative, le Code civil comporte un « non dit total » sur la religion, signifiant ainsi que l'Etat et la loi sont laïques. Enfin, si le catholicisme retrouve une place officielle grâce à la signature d'un Concordat (1801-1802), elle est structurellement différente de celle qu'il occupait sous l'Ancien Régime.</text>
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                <text>This paper gives an overview of slum upgrading in Kenya observing that slums are a major urban housing phenomena in Kenya that require immediate attention. Rather than demolishing them, which renders many people homeless, they should be upgraded through tenure security and infrastructure improvement so as to provide a better living environment for the residents currently living in the settlements.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/75/18/66/PDF/Paul_Syagga_-_LAND_TENURE_IN_SLUM_UPGRADING.pdf</text>
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                <text>Les cahiers d'Afrique de l'est</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="483295">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Slum upgrading</text>
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                <text>Kenya</text>
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                <text>Land Tenure in Slum Upgrading Projects</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Lisbonne</text>
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                <text>Gallez, Caroline</text>
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                <text>Guerrinha, Christophe</text>
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                <text>Kaufmann, Vincent</text>
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                <text>Maksim, Hanja-Niriana</text>
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                <text>Thébert, Mariane</text>
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                <text>Since the 19th century, a variety of "ideal" land-use transport systems have been formulated as optimal solutions to urban land-use and transportation problems (Wegener and Fürst, 1999). Today, there is a broad consensus among researchers and transport/urban planning professionals that more coherence and coordination between transport and land-use policies is necessary to achieve sustainable urban development and mobility. This claim derives from evidence that, in Europe, local policies are only successful as regards criteria for sustainable development (the reduction of motorized traffic) when they combine measures for limiting car use in city centres with measures favoring the development of public transportation, densification, and mixed-use urban organization (Pharoah and Appel, 1995; Brög and Erl, 1996). If there is nothing new in the question regarding the interaction between spatial organization and transport, the ideas underlining this concern and the purposes of public policies have deeply evolved over the centuries, particularly as relates to urban planning. In short, we have moved from a concept of "car-shaped cities" to an approach to urban design where guidelines derive from "urbanity" values and the sharing of public spaces. How have local authorities translated the requirements and objectives of national laws? And how have they accounted for the evolution of these global objectives and the increasingly complex issue of coordinating urban development and transportation? What factors explain innovation and continuity in the relationship between land-use planning and transport policies? In this study we focused on the question of political change by comparing the "trajectories" of four urban areas: Geneva and Bern in Switzerland and Strasbourg and Bordeaux in France. Many empirical studies in political analysis have emphasized the importance of the long-term in identifying elements of continuity in political processes, assessing the reality of change, and stressing the interplay between national and local authorities (Fontaine and Hassenteufel, 2002; Kay, 2005). In this work, we have described the "policy paths" of the four aforementioned urban areas since the end of the 1960's by focusing on the contents of master plans, the principal technical solutions and projects that have been implemented, and the means of inter-sectorial coordination used. To do so, we have done a detailed analysis of numerous documents (laws, plans, technical studies, political documents, etc.) as well as semi-directive interviews with local actors. For each case, factors of change or inertia have been identified by focusing on three main variables that are often studied alternatively in public policy analysis: ideas, institutions and interests, or the "Three I's" as termed by Palier and Surel (2005). This paper presents the main results that emerged from a comparative analysis of these local dynamics. In exploring this first dimension, we have brought into question the influence of ideas, values, and standards on public policy and in the problem of the formulation or choice of solutions. We have shown, for instance, that urban or ecological values do explain differences in the ways of coordinating transport and land-use policies in Switzerland and in France; furthermore, this influence varies between cities based on geographical and "cultural" variables. We then focused on the role of the institutions (i.e. formal organizations) that regulate and structure local political systems. Our empirical observations led us to give less importance to the influence of institutional reform as a means of achieving more integrated policies: although institutions do influence political choices and explain differences among the four cities, we maintain that changing local institutions alone is not in itself an effective means of changing policies. The last variable concerns the interests of actors involved in political processes, as well as their strategic negotiations and interactions. We found that coordination between transport and land-use planning results from conflicts between areabased and reticular approaches to territorial development. Furthermore, we underline the role of economic factors in the negotiations between city centres and the suburbs, specifically in the context of cross-border urban areas (Strasbourg and Geneva).</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00615152</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473279">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/51/52/PDF/2010_lvmt_gallez_land_use_transport_systems_comparing_local_policy_dynamics_iswiss.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473281">
                <text>General Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Transport Research Society</text>
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                <text>12th World Conference on Transport Research Society</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473284">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473285">
                <text>transport and land-use planning coordination</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473286">
                <text>comparative analysis</text>
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                <text>political change</text>
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                <text>institutions</text>
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                <text>ideas</text>
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                <text>interests</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="473291">
                <text>Land-use Transport Systems: Comparing Local Policy Dynamics in Swiss and French Urban Areas</text>
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                  <text>Géocarrefour</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Assoc. des amis de la R.G.L.</text>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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        <elementContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>48</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87930">
                <text>Malezieux, Jacques</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2003</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>
  Au début des années 2000, au nord de Paris, dans la Plaine Saint Denis, est aménagé un nouveau pôle d'affaires : Landy-France. La puissance de son affirmation résulte de l'intervention forte des deux principaux acteurs du système de production de l'immobilier de bureaux qui s'associent pour valoriser efficacement les potentialités d'un exceptionnel lieu communicant : une importante Communauté d'Agglomération et une dynamique filière de production d'immobilier d'entreprise. Par ses caractéristiques, Landy-France est expressif des nouvelles tendances qui marquent l'économie et la géographie des bureaux dans l'agglomération capitale. L'opération est exemplaire de la reconquête des anciens espaces industriels fortement dégradés qui continuaient d'altérer les parties nord et est de la première couronne de banlieue; elle est aussi représentative des difficultés rencontrées pour intégrer un pôle d'affaire dans un véritable quartier urbain.
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87933">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=GEOC_784_0006</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87934">
                <text>fre</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87935">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Géocarrefour, , 4, 2003-10-01, pp.6-6</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Saint-Denis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87938">
                <text> Landy-France</text>
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                <text> aménagement urbain</text>
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                <text> marché immobilier</text>
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                <text> acteurs</text>
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                <text>Saint-Denis</text>
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                <text> Landy-France</text>
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                <text> urban planning</text>
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                <text> business property market</text>
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                <text> actors</text>
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                <text>Landy-France : un pôle d'activités dans la Plaine Saint-Denis. Nouvelles dynamiques de l'immobilier de bureaux en Ile de France au début des années 2000</text>
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