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                <text>Les résidences secondaires sont une singularité française. Leur croissance a été continue depuis la guerre et leur nombre est aujourd'hui sans équivalent dans les autres pays développés. Elles sont un des symptômes les plus frappants des transformations récentes de l'espace rural, dont la vocation résidentielle ou de loisir concurrence de plus en plus souvent la vocation agricole. Or paradoxalement, le phénomène qui avait suscité un vif intérêt dans les années soixante-dix, est depuis relativement délaissé. Les sociologues ici réunis ont voulu combler cette lacune et montrer l'importance d'un sujet qu'ils avaient eu souvent l'occasion de rencontrer au cours de leurs travaux sur l'habitat, le paysage ou les nouveaux habitants de la campagne.</text>
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                <text>Depuis les années 50, la Côte d'Ivoire se distingue par des rythmes élevés d'industrialisation et d'urbanisation. Comment cette concomitance est-elle inscrite dans l'espace national? En quoi les acteurs et les mécanismes de l'urbanisation rendent-ils compte de la localisation des usines dans les villes ou à leur immédiate proximité? Comment expliquer les déséquilibres de distribution de l'armature industrielle? En quoi l'industrialisation participe-t-elle à la croissance urbaine contemporaine? Pour répondre à ces questions, trois axes de recherche, autour desquels s'articule l'ouvrage, ont été prévilégiés. Dans le premier, l'accent est mis sur les solidarités spatiales industrialo-urbaines ainsi que sur les fondements et les enjeux des localisations industrielles à plusieurs échelles, dans la métropole abidjanaise comme dans les villes "de l'intérieur" ; dans le deuxième sont abordés les rapports entre emploi industriel, accroissement consécutif de population et citadinisation des salariés; dans le troisième, on examine les articulations entre les activités manufacturières et les autres activités urbaines, en particulier celle dites "informelles", en un temps où la crise frappe durablement les citadins. (Résumé d'auteur)</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:30489</text>
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                <text>Dubresson Alain, Pélissier P. (préf.) Ville et industries en Côte d'Ivoire : pour une géographie de l'accumulation urbaine. Paris : Karthala, 1989, 847 p. Th. : Lett. et Sci. Hum., Paris 10 : Nanterre. 1988/01/15. </text>
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                <text>URBANISATION</text>
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                <text>POLITIQUE INDUSTRIELLE</text>
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                <text>ARTISANAT</text>
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                <text>SECTEUR INFORMEL</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362122">
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                <text>CITADINITE</text>
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                <text>UNITE D'OBSERVATION</text>
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                <text>Ville et industries en Côte d'Ivoire : pour une géographie de l'accumulation urbaine</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Bourgeois, Laurence</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365193">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:23439</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="365194">
                <text>Bourgeois Laurence, Dubresson Alain. Pratiques foncières et production des espaces industriels à Abidjan. In : Crousse Bernard (ed.), Le Bris Emile (ed.), Le Roy Etienne (ed.).  Espaces disputés en Afrique Noire : pratiques foncières locales. Paris : Karthala, 1986, p. 89-98. (Hommes et Sociétés). </text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FR</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Karthala</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365197">
                <text>DROIT FONCIER</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365198">
                <text>DROIT COUTUMIER</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365199">
                <text>STATUT JURIDIQUE</text>
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                <text>PROPRIETE FONCIERE</text>
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                <text>COMMUNAUTE VILLAGEOISE</text>
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                <text>INTERVENTION DE L'ETAT</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365203">
                <text>INDUSTRIALISATION</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365204">
                <text>ZONE PERIURBAINE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365205">
                <text>MILIEU URBAIN</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365206">
                <text>INVESTISSEMENT</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365207">
                <text>POLITIQUE DU LOGEMENT</text>
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                <text>DROIT D'USAGE</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365209">
                <text>Pratiques foncières et production des espaces industriels à Abidjan</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="365210">
                <text>Espaces disputés en Afrique Noire : pratiques foncières locales</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>COTE D'IVOIRE</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365408">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:17803</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="365409">
                <text>Manou-Savina A., Dubresson Alain. Abidjan-populaire : au-delà des apparences. Cités Africaines, 1985, p. 19. </text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365410">
                <text>FR</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365411">
                <text>AGGLOMERATION URBAINE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365412">
                <text>HABITAT SPONTANE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365413">
                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Abidjan-populaire : au-delà des apparences</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365930">
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                <text>Implementation of governance principles entails intra-urban territorializations in sub- Saharan African cities, which increase the risks of fragmentation and raise the question of local scale regulation in both its political and spatial dimensions.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/74/10/88/PDF/Dubresson_14.pdf</text>
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                <text>Territorial restructurings, comparisons and innovations Proceedings of the French‐South African meeting on territorial innovation. Recompositions territoriales : confronter et innover. Actes des rencontres scientifiques franco‐sud-africaines de l'innovation territoriale</text>
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                <text>Rencontres scientifiques franco-Sud-Africaines de l'innovation territoriale</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="486130">
                <text>Urban Management</text>
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                <text>Regulation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="486137">
                <text>Urban Governance in Sub‐Saharan Africa. For a geography of regulation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="523129">
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                <text>This paper presents the first results of the research program ECORURB (Ecology Rural to Urban) of which one of the objectives is to measure the impact of the city on the local climate. For this study, a network of 16 automatic weather stations was installed according to a gradient from downtown area to periphery countryside. The results show the temporal variability of the UHI (urban heat island). Thus, in 2006, the intensity of the UHI was especially marked at the end of the night during the summer (more 2,5°C on average of 22:00 to 5:00 in July against 1 to 1,3°C during the winter). On the other hand, during the day, the time average deviations between the downtown area and the countryside do not exceed some tenth of degrees.</text>
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="523134">
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              <elementText elementTextId="523135">
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              <elementText elementTextId="523136">
                <text>Actes du XXIème colloque de l'Association Internationale de Climatologie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="523137">
                <text>XXIème colloque de l'Association Internationale de Climatologie</text>
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                <text>îlot de chaleur</text>
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                <text>Variabilité quotidienne et saisonnière de l'îlot de chaleur urbain à Rennes : premiers résultats du programme ECORURB</text>
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                  <text>Articulo - Journal of Urban Research</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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                <text>Dubucs, Hadrien</text>
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                <text>Dureau, Françoise</text>
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                <text>Giroud, Matthieu</text>
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                <text>Cet article interroge les circulations d’individus entre Lisbonne et quatre autres métropoles européennes (Berlin, Bruxelles, Londres, Paris) sous l’angle de la pénibilité. L’approche proposée articule trois dimensions, à savoir la construction des pratiques de circulation entre métropoles à l’échelle biographique, le fonctionnement familial induit par la circulation et l’expérience des lieux fréquentés au quotidien dans chacune des métropoles. La prise en compte de ces trois dimensions permet de caractériser les circulants en termes de situations de mobilité à travers lesquelles est envisagée la pénibilité. Les situations de mobilité bien vécues semblent traduire un relatif équilibre dans les modes de vie associés aux circulations. L’article met cependant en évidence une série de facteurs qui peuvent contribuer à fragiliser, ou à nuancer ces situations : la lassitude, l’absence d’espace d’identification et de projet, la gestion de l’absence du circulant au sein de la famille, la modification du rapport à des lieux de ressourcement, la limitation des pratiques dans les lieux de la circulation. Au total, il n’existe pas de segmentation claire entre ces situations de mobilité du point de vue de la pénibilité. Des situations de mobilité très diverses peuvent être vécues de manière différente. La pénibilité dépend finalement d’une combinaison de facteurs qui, pris isolément, n’ont pas d’effet mécanique. </text>
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                <text>This article examines the circulation of people between Lisbon and four other European cities (Berlin, Brussels, London, Paris) in terms of the difficulties that it can cause. The proposed approach articulates three dimensions, namely the construction of practices of circulation between cities at a biographical scale, the way families deal with the circulation of one or more of its members, and the daily experience of places frequented in each of the cities. Taking into account these three dimensions offers a means to characterize the people who circulate in terms of mobility situations through which they conceive of the wearisome dimension of circulation. Mobility situations that are well appreciated seem to reveal a relatively balanced way of life associated with circulation. However, the article identifies a number of factors that may contribute to weaken or qualify these situations: weariness, lack of space of identification and project, management within family of the absence of those who circulate, changes in relation to places of healing, and limitations in practicing the places that structure the space of circulation. Overall, there is no clear segmentation between these situations of mobility in terms of difficulty. Situations of mobility that are very different can be experienced in many varied ways. The tiring dimension of circulation ultimately depends on a combination of factors which, taken separately, have no mechanical effect. </text>
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                <text>arduous mobility</text>
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                <text>circulation</text>
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                <text>Les circulants entre métropoles européennes à l’épreuve de leurs mobilités. Une lecture temporelle, spatiale et sociale de la pénibilité</text>
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                <text>Duché, Sarah</text>
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                <text>La métropole parisienne concentre un grand nombre d'activités anthropiques et une forte densité de bâtis engendrant de fortes émissions de polluants. L'ozone, le dioxyde d'azote et les particules dépassent fréquemment les seuils critiques annuels et journaliers fixés par l'Union Européenne et la France. L'exposition à des concentrations exceptionnelles de ces polluants peut engendrer des problèmes respiratoires et cardio-vasculaires pour la population et les nombreux touristes en région parisienne. La qualité de l'air peut être une source de nuisance lors du séjour de ces derniers et avoir un impact négatif sur l'image de la région, dont le tourisme est une des premières activités économiques. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d'évaluer, d'une part, quand et où les touristes sont le plus exposés à la pollution de l'air, et d'autre part, comment ils la perçoivent. Pour évaluer l'exposition des touristes, les variabilités spatiale et temporelle de l'ozone, du dioxyde d'azote et des particules ont été étudiées à deux échelles différentes : la première régionale, avec les données issues du réseau de mesures Airparif, et la seconde, plus locale, avec des mesures de concentrations d'ozone et de particules sur différents itinéraires et sites touristiques parisiens. L'exposition est différente selon les polluants, la saison et le lieu. Les touristes sont le plus exposés à l'ozone de mai à septembre lors de journées ensoleillées et dans les espaces verts, loin de la circulation routière. À l'inverse, ils sont le plus exposés aux particules et au dioxyde d'azote d'octobre à avril lors de temps calme avec des inversions thermiques matinales, et à proximité du trafic routier. La perception des touristes de la pollution de l'air a été évaluée à l'aide d'enquêtes sur les sites de la Tour Eiffel, du Sacré-Cœur et de Notre-Dame sur plusieurs jours. Les touristes estiment globalement une qualité de l'air bonne ou moyenne à Paris. Cette perception varie selon les jours, dépendant essentiellement des conditions météorologiques et de la visibilité du smog, et selon les sites, résultant de nuisances visuelles, olfactives et sonores perçues différemment. L'origine des touristes influe sur leur perception avec une principale différence entre les touristes français et les touristes étrangers.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474882">
                <text>Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474883">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Pollution de l'air</text>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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                <text>La pollution de l'air en région parisienne : exposition et perception sur les sites touristiques</text>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:30428</text>
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                <text>Duchemin Jean-Paul, Lortic Bernard. La transformation rapide des espaces urbains : identification et suivi cartographique sur images SPOT, Quito et Marne-la-Vallée. In : Dureau Françoise (ed.).  Dossier sur la télédétection urbaine à l'ORSTOM. Villes et Citadins du Tiers-Monde.Cahiers, 1990, p. 57-68. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="359748">
                <text>TELEDETECTION SPATIALE</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>HABITAT URBAIN</text>
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                <text>VILLE</text>
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                <text>ESPACE</text>
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                <text>AMENAGEMENT URBAIN</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="360146">
                <text>POLITIQUE FONCIERE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="360147">
                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="360148">
                <text>REGION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="360149">
                <text>ATLAS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="360150">
                <text>PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>"Villes, espaces, aménagement"</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="360152">
                <text>Affiches de la géographie</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="360153">
                <text>text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>IRD</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Haeringer, Philippe (ed.)</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>TIERS MONDE</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Duchemin, Jean-Paul</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1984</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>text/pdf</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:15982</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:15982</text>
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                <text>Duchemin Jean-Paul. Plaidoyer pour villes indignes : pour une politique urbaine dans les pays en voie de développement, quelques réflexions = Pleading for disregarded cities : hints at some urban policy in developing countries, a few comments. In : Haeringer Philippe (ed.).  De Caracas à Kinshasa : bonnes feuilles de la recherche urbaine à l'ORSTOM (1978-1983). Paris : ORSTOM, 1984, p. 157-166. (Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM ; 179). </text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>CROISSANCE URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="366630">
                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="366631">
                <text>INTERVENTION DE L'ETAT</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="366632">
                <text>SPECULATION FONCIERE</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="366633">
                <text>Plaidoyer pour villes indignes : pour une politique urbaine dans les pays en voie de développement, quelques réflexions = Pleading for disregarded cities : hints at some urban policy in developing countries, a few comments</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>De Caracas à Kinshasa : bonnes feuilles de la recherche urbaine à l'ORSTOM (1978-1983)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="366635">
                <text>text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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