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                <text> Duchastel, Jules. Directeur de thèse </text>
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                <text>Le concept de "démocratisation ancrée" qui est ici examiné comme enjeu d'une tension entre citoyenneté et identités en Afrique, pose d'emblée deux défis majeurs : un défi épistémique touchant au statut de la démocratie, entre idéologie et concept sociopolitique, et un défi théorique touchant à la nécessité de la démocratie dans des espaces culturels non occidentaux. Ces deux défis ont été confrontés dans le cadre de cette recherche, à travers une démarche qualitative, approchant l'identité en général et l'ethnicité en particulier comme des constructions sociales susceptibles d'instrumentalisation, mais aussi de transformations potentiellement aptes à favoriser le "vivre ensemble".     Cette hypothèse déclinée en une grille d'entrevue ouverte, a guidé deux séries d'entrevues menées à travers trois municipalités béninoises, trois villes dotées de statuts particuliers dans le cadre d'un processus de décentralisation. Cette enquête de terrain menée entre 2006 et 2008 a été la charnière de notre recherche, qui s'est néanmoins voulue plus théorique qu'empirique. En effet, par une démarche "en forme de sablier", une première partie de la recherche nous avait d'abord permis de faire le point sur les thèses et théories antérieures, mais surtout de fixer les concepts qui sont sollicités dans cette analyse de la démocratie en Afrique noire.     La troisième partie de la recherche, venant après une enquête triangulant observation, discours d'acteurs et théories, va servir de cadre à une réinterprétation du concept de citoyenneté. Cette partie propose une réouverture de ce concept qui aurait pris, au tournant des Révolutions du XVIIIe siècle en Europe, un ton républicaniste frappant toute entité anthropologique (dont les groupes identitaires) de subjectivité et donc d'une certaine péjoration au profit de gouvernements centraux forts.    Il semble dès lors que, les élites africaines sorties de plusieurs décennies de domination occidentale et de préjugés racistes aient été plus préoccupées à démontrer leur capacité de construire des "États-nations" comparables à ceux d'Occident, qu'à considérer et intégrer les représentations du politique chez les communautés ethniques composant ces jeunes États. Ainsi, sur la base de cette recherche menée à Cotonou, Porto-Novo et Parakou, nous avons pu explorer -au moins partiellement- la capacité des Africains à intégrer identité et démocratie, aussi bien dans le sens du "vivre ensemble" que dans celui du "vivre mieux".    Ces trois "communes à statut particulier" du Bénin offrent le spectacle d'une fierté ethnique retrouvée à travers la décentralisation administrative, d'une politisation accélérée de la vie municipale, mais aussi d'une transformation rapide des représentations de l'autorité politique. Cette transformation est à l'image des "leaders charismatiques" qui ne sont plus seulement associés à l'héritage culturel ou patrimonial du groupe ethnique, mais aussi et désormais à leur capacité d'assurer le progrès de leur ville. L'exercice d'une sanction de la gouvernance municipale au bout d'un quinquennat semble avoir favorisé, dans ce coin d'Afrique, une appropriation de la démocratie sans que l'ethnicité, de plus en plus assumée ne mène -du moins, pas encore- à la guerre civile.</text>
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                <text>identité, décentralisation, citoyenneté, Afrique, interactionnisme symbolique, Bénin, démocratisation, analyse qualitative, démocratie</text>
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                <text>Citoyenneté et identités comme enjeux d'une "démocratisation ancrée" en Afrique noire : illustration par les trois villes autonomes du Bénin</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 136-137, 1, 2009-05-19, pp.219-227</text>
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                <text>La métropole parisienne : une maladie orpheline ?</text>
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                <text>architecture, cadre bâti, built environment, environnement urbain, photographie, Africa, Afrique, Adjaye David</text>
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Livre de constat mais aussi de réponses où l’auteur s’emploie à lever les préjugés. Il dénonce des modèles à bout de souffle pour avancer d’autres scénarios, options ou évolutions possibles en matière de mobilités, d’infrastructures, complexes de gares, de terrains constructibles ou de fonciers invisibles, tout comme d’habitat… car ce qui serait extraordinaire serait d’améliorer l’ordinaire.&#13;
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David Mangin, architecte urbaniste, dont le travail a été couronné par le Grand Prix de l’Urbanisme en 2008. Il est professeur à l’École d’architecture de la ville et des territoires de Marne-la-Vallée où il dirige le master Métropoles. Il enseigne également à l’École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (ENPC), et à l’université de Singapour où il est régulièrement invité. Il est membre des conseils scientifiques du PUCA, de la Fabrique de la Cité et de l’Atelier International du Grand Paris (AIGP) dont il dirige une des équipes.&#13;
Fondateur de l’agence Seura architectes urbanistes avec Florence Bougnoux et Jean Marc Fritz, ils conçoivent, conduisent et réalisent des projets urbains, des espaces publics, des infrastructures à Douai, Lille sud, Porte d’Aix/A7 à Marseille, Montaudran-Toulouse, Paris-Les Halles, Vitry sur Seine… et des logements à Rouen, Nanterre, Grande Synthe, les Lilas… Il a notamment publié Projet urbain avec Philippe Panerai, La ville franchisée, prix La Ville à lire 2005, La ville passante.</text>
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&#13;
This is the first book to review the effectiveness of different approaches to reducing urban poverty in the Global South. It describes and discusses the different ways in which national and local governments, international agencies and civil society organizations are seeking to reduce urban poverty. Different approaches are explored, for instance; market approaches, welfare, rights-based approaches and technical/professional support. The book also considers the roles of clientelism and of social movements. Case studies illustrate different approaches and explore their effectiveness. &#13;
&#13;
Reducing Urban Poverty in the Global South also analyses the poverty reduction strategies developed by organized low-income groups especially those living in informal settlements. It explains how they and the federations or networks they have formed have demonstrated new approaches that have challenged adverse political relations and negotiated more effective support. Local and national governments and international agencies can become far more effective at addressing urban poverty at scale by, as is proposed in this book, working with and supporting the urban poor and their organizations.&#13;
&#13;
David Satterthwaite is a Senior Fellow at IIED and a Visiting Professor at the Development Planning Unit, University College, London, UK. &#13;
&#13;
Diana Mitlin is an economist and social development specialist working at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), and a Professor at the University of Manchester, UK, working at the Global Urban Research Centre, the Institute for Development Policy and Management and the Brooks World Poverty Institute.</text>
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                <text>Emergent phenomena are often relevant for users and developers of simulation models. But the potential reification of these phenomena raises many questions, conceptually (should they be reified?) and technically (how to do it?). In this paper, we show that such a reification can be considered as an effective way to refine simulation models in which direct modifications, that are made laborious by the multiplicity of the entities and behaviors, often leads to the destabilization of the entire system. We propose a reification technique of the emergent phenomena that do emerge in an agent-based simulation. We illustrate this proposition through the reification of new urban areas, an emergent phenomenon observed in a model that we created to simulate land-use evolutions in Reunion Island.</text>
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                <text>ECAI workshop on Intelligent Agents in Urban Simulations and Smart Cities (IAUSSC2012)</text>
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                <text>[INFO:INFO_MO] Computer Science/Modeling and Simulation</text>
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                <text>Agent-Based Simulation</text>
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                <text>Reification of emergent urban areas in a land-use simulation model in Reunion Island</text>
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                  <text>Articulo - Journal of Urban Research</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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                <text>David, Louise</text>
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                <text>This article contributes to the study of the geographical concentration of financial investments in real estate markets. It demonstrates the social construction process at work in the evolution of real estate market risks. The objective is to highlight the conditions that allow or impede the implementation of ‘opportunistic’ and ‘conservative’ risk strategies. By analyzing the market entry of financial investors in the Cuautitlan industrial real estate market - an ‘emerging’ real estate market in Mexico City - this paper demonstrates that, due to the joint action of land developers, non-financial as well as financial real estate investors, this market moved from being ‘too risky’ to becoming an opportunistic market, and then a conservative one. There were two important phases in the transformation process. First, the contribution of land developers was fundamental to the transformation of the market from being too risky to being opportunistic from the perspective of financial investors. Two different types of land developers are evident: some are not willing to help financial investors’ entry in the market while others developed a business plan designed to facilitate financial investments. In the second phase of the market’s risks transformation, opportunistic financial investors enabled the conditions for the arrival of conservative financial investors, thanks to their presence in emerging markets and the diffusion of information. </text>
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                <text>http://articulo.revues.org/2163</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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                <text>financialization</text>
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                <text>Mexico</text>
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                <text>real estate</text>
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                <text>The social construction of real estate market risk. The case of a financial investments cluster in Mexico City</text>
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                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
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                <text>David, Olivier</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La désynchronisation des temps sociaux, à l’œuvre depuis plusieurs décennies, a des répercussions importantes à tous les niveaux d’organisation de la société, et tout particulièrement au sein de la cellule familiale. À partir de plusieurs recherches récentes, il est possible de mettre en évidence les difficultés d’articulation des temps professionnels, familiaux et sociaux, et notamment les tensions existantes entre les activités parentales et les activités des enfants, ainsi que les contraintes qu’elles engendrent sur les modalités d’organisation interne à la famille.  </text>
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                <text>The desynchronization of social times, at work for several decades, has had important repercussions on the organization of the society at all the levels, and particularly within ciety at all the levels, and particularly within the family. From several recent investigations, it is possible to describe the difficulties of articulation of professional, family and social times, and the tensions existing between the parental and children activities. The individualization of daily temporalities has many consequences on the everyday life of the families. </text>
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                <text>daily territories</text>
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                <text>family policies</text>
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                <text>Ille-et-Vilaine</text>
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                <text>Libournais</text>
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                <text>social times</text>
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                <text>département d’Ille-et-Vilaine</text>
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                <text>Pays du Libournais</text>
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                <text>politiques familiales</text>
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                <text>temps sociaux</text>
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                <text>territoires du quotidien</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566253">
                <text>Vie familiale, vie professionnelle : une articulation sous tension</text>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>David, Paul-Emile</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2004</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cette thèse cherche à étudier en premier lieu la relation existant entre la diversité industrielle et la prospérité économique au sein de 128 villes canadiennes pour la période allant de 1991 à 1996. Elle nous permet aussi d'observer, pour la même période, la relation existant entre le capital humain et la prospérité économique au sein de ces villes. Finalement cette thèse cherche à quantifier la double influence de la diversité industrielle et du capital humain sur la prospérité économique des villes canadiennes étudiées.    L'idée pour cette thèse provient d'une étude américaine (i.e. Glaeser et al., 1992), où un lien positif entre la prospérité économique et la présence de diversification industrielle est établie. La volonté d'appliquer une approche similaire pour l'économie canadienne représente un défi intéressant, du fait qu'une étude à grande échelle de la sorte ne se retrouve pas dans les revues scientifiques.    Suite à une série de calculs, nous concluons que l'économie des régions urbaines du Canada se résume en quelques grands points. Premièrement, les 128 villes canadiennes tendent plutôt vers la concentration industrielle. À l'aide de nos estimations, nous observons qu'une croissance de la prospérité économique se présente s'il y a un mouvement de la concentration vers une plus forte diversification industrielle au sein des villes étudiées. Deuxièmement, notre thèse confirme la notion populaire qu'une main-d'oeuvre éduquée accroît les probabilités de prospérité économique pour nos 128 villes canadiennes. Troisièmement, les régions urbaines du Canada ne peuvent espérer une hausse de prospérité sans l'apport des immigrants. Il importe aussi d'attirer les immigrants vers les plus petites régions urbaines du pays, et non seulement vers les plus grandes, tel que Toronto, Montréal et Vancouver.    Quatrièmement, en analysant la structure industrielle et le capital humain de façon conjointe, nous concluons que des niveaux plus élevés de diversification industrielle, d'immigration et d'éducation (ainsi que moins de spécialisation) accentuent le niveau de prospérité économique des 128 villes canadiennes étudiées pour la période allant de 1991 à 1996.</text>
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                <text>http://theses.uqac.ca/these_18405477.html</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/337</text>
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                <text>Université du Québec à Rimouski</text>
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                <text>industrie, immigration, main d'oeuvre, économie urbaine</text>
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                <text>Développement régional</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>L'impact de la diversité industrielle et du capital humain sur la croissance économique des villes canadiennes</text>
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