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                <text>L'histoire mouvementée de la Pologne ne prédispose pas ses villes ni ses habitants à placer la protection du patrimoine au centre des priorités. Grands ensembles bâtis à la hâte, quartiers anciens et immeubles du réalisme socialiste, ces trois formes principales d'habitat, subissent diversement l'érosion du temps. Les faibles ressources des candidats à l'accession freinent les flux et la construction post-socialiste se borne à satisfaire les plus hauts revenus.</text>
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                <text>Cet article analyse la géographie des élites dans les villes socialistes et post-socialistes polonaises à travers le prisme de leur attache résidentielle. A une société " sans classes " aurait dû correspondre la mise en place d'une géographie indifférenciée des villes, sans " beaux quartiers ", ni ségrégation. C'est oublier que la ville socialiste s'est développée sur des héritages qu'elle n'a que partiellement oblitérés. En outre, elle a secrété des mécanismes ségrégatifs originaux, même s'ils avaient des effets modérés. En effet, les formes résidentielles produites sous le socialisme ne sont pas totalement uniformisées, malgré les apparences, et ceci contre les fondements idéologiques des politiques du logement.</text>
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                <text>Le communisme et les élites en Europe centrale</text>
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                <text>La lutte des places : les élites et leurs territoires dans les villes de la Pologne communiste</text>
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                <text>Coudroy De Lille, Lydia</text>
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                <text>2004</text>
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                <text>L'article expose comment les structures territoriales et administratives de la capitale polonaise se sont transformées de 1990 à 2002 sous l'effet de la mise en place de la décentralisation, puis des réformes territoriales. Le régime administratif et territorial de Varsovie qui a été remanié en 1990 et 1994, puis en 2002, a évolué dans le sens d'une décentralisation poussée à laquelle a succédé une recentralisation territoriale. Dans le même temps, la réforme territoriale de l'Etat et la mise en place de la Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques a inclus Varsovie dans un système emboîté complexe. C'est dans ce cadre instable que les logiques économiques et spatiales de la métropolisation se sont mises en place.</text>
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                <text>L'élargissement de l'Union Européenne : réformes territoriales en Europe centrale et orientale</text>
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                <text>décentralisation - démocratisation - structure territoriale - réforme administrative - métropole - ville post-socialiste - Varsovie -Pologne</text>
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                <text>Métropolisation et démocratie locale à Varsovie</text>
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                <text>Pour comprendre ce qu'on appelle la ville post-socialiste, ou post-soviétique, il est encore nécessaire, vingt ans après la chute Rideau de fer, de relire ce qu'était la ville socialiste, d'autant plus que le débat est réactualisé depuis 1990. Il y a trois manières de comprendre la manière dont une idéologie (le socialisme) et une réalité spatiale (la ville) étaient liées. La première interroge l'idéologie qui sous-tendait le développement urbain en URSS puis dans le reste du bloc de l'est. Mais ce champ n'est guère fertile, car la littérature marxiste en dit davantage sur les relations entre les mondes urbain et rural que sur ce que devrait être la nature de la ville socialiste. Le deuxième niveau est donc fait de ce qui fut réalisé et écrit dans le domaine de l'urbanisme et de l'architecture de ces pays. Le troisième niveau vient de la littérature des sciences sociales, qui permettent de comprendre quelles étaient les spécificités de la ville du socialisme réel. Ceci fut fait en 1979 et de nouveau après 1989, avec de nouveaux points de vue. Aujourd'hui, le débat à propos de la ville socialiste n'est pas seulement académique ; dans de nouvelles démocraties, dans des villes sous pression économique, les élites politiques nationales et locales, les acteurs économiques, les habitants, l'opinion publique voient d'un œil nouveau cette phase du développement urbain. Les articles rassemblés dans ce numéro spécial de la revue Histoire Urbaine montrent différents aspects de ces enjeux dans des pays comme l'Allemagne, l'Arménie, la Roumanie, la Russie.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00582394</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Relire la ville socialiste</text>
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                <text>La ville est un espace sensible, construit notamment par des architectes et des urbanistes. Ceux-ci modèlent l'espace en n'utilisant souvent qu'une modalité sensorielle de base pour leur travail : la modalité visuelle. Or notre perception d'un espace ne se fait pas uniquement par cette modalité, ni de façon disjointe entre nos différents sens : il existe des interactions entre les sens ; notre perception est une perception intersensorielle. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'appréhender des perceptions intersensorielles situées dans l'espace urbain et de comprendre les bases de leur articulation. Deux démarches ont été adoptées pour appréhender la nature de ces perceptions intersensorielles : 1/ les travaux scientifiques ont été consultés, et 2/ une approche située permettant de relever des perceptions intersensorielles sur un site urbain a été élaborée et testée. Cette méthodologie utilise des comptes rendus de perception d'usagers, des observations ainsi que des mesures physiques réalisés sur site. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants : 1/ les ambiances peuvent être observées d'un point de vue intersensoriel ; 2/ cette observation permet d'élaborer des modes perceptifs révélés par l'interaction existant entre les sens, le langage, la motricité et les modalités de l'être ; 3/ ces modes perceptifs correspondent à trois échelles différentes : profils perceptifs (échelle urbaine), attitudes perceptives (échelle du piéton en mouvement), effets intersensoriels (échelle du dispositif architectural) ; 4/ l'interprétation de ces modes perceptifs fait appel à la motricité ; 5/ les mesures physiques confirment souvent les mesures perceptives et nous en concluons que l'observation des perceptions par le biais du langage est pertinente. Cette recherche contribue à la définition de la notion d'espace public urbain à partir de ses composantes sensibles et à l'élaboration d'un schéma d'intelligibilité des ambiances urbaines basé sur des perceptions situées.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Université de Nantes</text>
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                <text>[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>La dimension intersensorielle dans la pratique de l 'espace urbain : une approche méthodologiquepluridisciplinaire</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Société française d'histoire urbaine</text>
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                <text>Coulais, Jean-François</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_006_0175</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 6, 2, 2002-06-01, pp.175-186</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>La reconstitution historique des formes urbaines (À propos de Naples, San Francisco et Paris) </text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Cybergeo : revue européenne de géographie</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>La Revue électronique européenne de géographie Cybergeo est conçue pour permettre une communication plus rapide de la recherche et pour promouvoir une discussion plus directe entre auteurs et lecteurs. Dans le but d'élargir l'échange des idées, des méthodes et des résultats, elle publie dans les principales langues européennes. Elle est ouverte largement sur la géographie, sans parti pris d'école ni de thématique. Elle garantit un bon niveau scientifique des articles en les soumettant à un comité de lecture international. Elle permet aussi la libre expression en s'accompagnant de forums de discussion et de listes de diffusion. Elle offre un accès facile aux articles grâce à un système de rubriques et de recherche par mots-clés. Tant que cela sera possible, elle est d'accès libre et gratuit.</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Constitution d'une base de données et visualisation 3D pour la recherche en archéologie et urbanisme à Samarcande</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>remote sensing</text>
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                <text>Géographie : politique ; culture et représentation</text>
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                <text>ost:Environmental studies; Geography &amp; Development</text>
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                <text>isi:Urban studies</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="627299">
                <text>La visualisation du paysage urbain en 3 dimensions constitue un problème auquel la recherche informatique s’efforce d’apporter, depuis une quinzaine d’années, des solutions, certes de plus en plus performantes mais relativement parcellaires. Les technologies contribuant à l’émergence de nouveaux modes de représentation 3D progressent en effet rapidement, mais ces avancées sont issues de secteurs de recherche - SIG, télédétection, synthèse d’image - dont les objectifs diffèrent sensiblement de...</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>UMR 8504 Géographie-cités</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>IRD</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Diarra, K.</text>
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                <text>Lootvoet, Benoît</text>
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                <text>Coulibaly C., Dakouo C., Diarra K., Fané M., Koné D., Lootvoet Benoît, Mesplé-Somps Sandrine, Traore B., Diamouténé D. (collab.) L'économie locale de Sikasso, Mali : étude de cas du programme "relance des économies locales en Afrique de l'Ouest" : synthèse générale. Paris : Club du Sahel, 1998, 157 p. multigr. </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="351978">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>CROISSANCE DEMOGRAPHIQUE</text>
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                <text>GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT</text>
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                <text>SECTEUR PRIVE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="351994">
                <text>AMENAGEMENT URBAIN</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="351995">
                <text>DECENTRALISATION</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL</text>
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                <text>SERVICE PUBLIC</text>
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                <text>GESTION PUBLIQUE</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>L'économie locale de Sikasso, Mali : étude de cas du programme "relance des économies locales en Afrique de l'Ouest" : synthèse générale</text>
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                <text>La ville de Bamako produit-elle du changement politique ? C'est à cette question, en apparence classique que cette thèse entend répondre. A partir d'une enquête menée dans le contexte des échéances électorales de 2007, nous proposons d'aborder les voies théoriques et méthodologiques d'une étude qui tente d'expliquer la faible participation électorale des bamakois. En prenant successivement en compte le territoire comme agrégat de données quantitatives (territoire objectif) puis comme construction sociale opérée par les individus (territoire subjectif), nous proposons de revenir sur les apports d'une approche " sociogéographique ", permettant de comprendre les raisons de la faible participation électorale des individus. La " politique " apparaît à la fois comme le résultat d'un repérage des problèmes territoriaux et comme une série de thèmes définis (le vote aux élections, la mondialisation, etc) donnant à voir quelques aspects distincts de l'influence du territoire sur la politisation des individus. Il conviendra dans cette thèse de mobiliser des entretiens directifs et semi-directifs afin de connaître le sentiment démocratique des bamakois.</text>
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                <text>Université de Rouen</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474302">
                <text>Ville - démocratie - géographie électorale - territoire - dynamique territoriale</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>RECOMPOSITION DES TERRITOIRES POLITIQUES ET GOUVERNANCE URBAINE : LE CAS DE LA VILLE DE BAMAKO (MALI)</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST</text>
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                <text>Les débats font le point sur l'état de la recherche dans la sous-région ouest-africaine et confrontent les résultats acquis à ceux d'autres continents. Les communications s'articulent autour de 4 thèmes : 1) Les modalités de l'insertion des migrants dans les villes (rôle  des solidarités familiales et des mouvements associatifs; situation des femmes dans le processus de l'insertion)... 2) L'insertion des migrants à travers les activités économiques (rôle du secteur informel et identification des activités qui jouent un rôle prépondérant dans le processus d'insertion) 3) L'impact des politiques publiques sur l'insertion des migrants (politiques urbaines, enjeux fonciers). 4) Les aspects méthodologiques et conceptuels</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26845</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:26845</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="360454">
                <text>Antoine Philippe (ed.), Coulibaly S. (ed.) L'insertion urbaine des migrants en Afrique. Paris : ORSTOM, 1989, 242 p. (Colloques et Séminaires). L'Insertion Urbaine des Migrants en Afrique : Séminaire, Lomé (TGO), 1987/02/10-14</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="360456">
                <text>ORSTOM</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>TRAVAILLEUR MIGRANT</text>
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                <text>INTEGRATION SOCIALE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="360459">
                <text>MILIEU URBAIN</text>
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                <text>MARCHE DU TRAVAIL</text>
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                <text>FAMILLE</text>
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                <text>FEMME</text>
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                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>METHODOLOGIE</text>
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                <text>POPULATION MIGRANTE</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>L'insertion urbaine des migrants en Afrique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>This paper is the first quantitative analysis of the social world composed by African immigrants' churches in and around Paris, France. The data are based on an unusual material: advertisement posters for religious events. With these data I can conceive of this world as structured by an unequal allocation of capitals and by the establishment of cross-relationships among actors. Protestant black churches, since the end of the 1990s, have publicly advertised their main religious events. The posters publicize a number of specific elements (location, description of the religious product, hierarchic titles...). With more than one hundred posters (gathered since july, 2008), my paper proposes both a quantitative sociography of this world, and an attempt to theorize its inner working. After analysis, thoses churches appear to be transnational churches located in poor neighborhoods in the northern suburbs of Paris, they are churches of " pastors " rather than " prophets " (one third of the titles worn by the characters is " pastor "), churches that propose "seminars", "conventions" or "day" more than half the time (and rarely "crusades"). Those churches combine in the same move an intense competition and collaborative networking. I use in this paper the invitations and counter-invitations advertized on the posters to draw and analyse part of this collaborative network. It is not a dense network, but it seems to follow some basic rules.</text>
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                <text>"'African Churches' in Europe. Mediating Imaginations" December 2010, Université Libre de Bruxelles</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="480857">
                <text>social network analysis</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>religion</text>
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                <text>Africa</text>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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                <text>Prophetism</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Capitals and networks : a sociology of Paris' black churches</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507059">
                <text>Lyngby</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507060">
                <text>Denmark</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507061">
                <text>Couloigner, Isabelle</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507062">
                <text>Ranchin, Thierry</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507063">
                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507064">
                <text>1998</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507065">
                <text>This paper presents a new strategy to extract, fully or semi-automatically, quadrangular urban network from high spatial resolution imagery. A quadrangular network is generally composed of different classes of streets in a hierarchical system. The developed strategy is based both on the multiresolution analysis and on the wavelet transform. The multiresolution analysis allows a multiscale analysis of images and thus to focus on the streets of one class at once. The wavelet transform enables the modelling of information at different characteristic scales. In the problem, it allows to model the topology of streets. These two mathematical tools are combined in the "a trous" algorithm; The application of this algorithm to images of urban areas is used to develop fully or semi-automatic multiresolution processing in order to extract a hierarchical urban network from high spatial resolution imagery. These methods will bring a help to the photo-interpreter in his work.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507066">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00465933</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507067">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/59/33/PDF/hal-00465933.editeur.pdf</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507068">
                <text>ENG</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507069">
                <text>Proceedings, 17th EARSeL Symposium “ Future Trends in Remote Sensing ”</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507070">
                <text>17th EARSeL Symposium “ Future Trends in Remote Sensing ”</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507071">
                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507072">
                <text>[SDU:OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe/Ocean, Atmosphere</text>
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                <text>[SDU:STU] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
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Contrairement à l'idée que l'on peut se faire d'une ville parlementaire, Grenoble a 
un patrimoine architectural médiocre. L'attitude des élites urbaines au siècle des 
Lumières vis-à-vis de l'habitat est donc à étudier, en particulier celle de la magistrature, traditionnellement présentée comme une noblesse patricienne. La discré-tion de leurs hôtels, la pratique répandue de la location témoignent de l'absence 
d'enjeu symbolique du logement, dans une ville que les parlementaires dominent 
sans conteste. Si, dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle, une tendance à la 
ségrégation se dessine, les magistrats quittant la proximité du palais au centre 
de la ville pour aller habiter les nouveaux quartiers aérés de l'Ouest, celle-ci 
s'estompe à partir des années 1780 : le recrutement plus ouvert de la Compagnie 
correspond à un réinvestissement des ruelles étroites et populeuses du centre 
médiéval. On peut s'interroger sur les motivations politiques du choix du 
domicile : plusieurs meneurs de l'opposition parlementaire, si forte à Grenoble, 
vivent ainsi dans les quartiers populaires. S'il est difficile de conclure à un choix 
conscient, il est sûr que cette proximité a contribué à fortifier les solidarités 
urbaines à la veille de la Révolution.
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_028_0005</text>
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                <text>91</text>
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                <text>Coulomb, Clarisse</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2010</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_028_0123</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="448144">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="448145">
                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 28, 2, 2010-09-24, pp.123-145</text>
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                <text>L'historien de la ville et l'espace public</text>
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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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                <text>AMERIQUE LATINE</text>
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                <text>MEXIQUE</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:25289</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="365070">
                <text>Coulomb R. Mobilité résidentielle, emploi et production de l'habitat du plus grand nombre (de quelques débats au Mexique et en Amérique latine). In : Ganne B. (ed.), Haeringer Philippe (ed.).  Anthropologie et sociologie de l'espace urbain. Bron : Université de Lyon 2.GLYSI, 1986, p. 265-276. (Programme Citadinités : Dossier ; 2). </text>
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                <text>Considering the prolonged rise of energy price and the still elevated housing prices, the policy to limit the share of housing expenses in the households' budget, so as to secure their solvability, has been criticized. Supposedly, it induces people to get farther from the city center in search for cheaper housing prices, but with subsequent increased transportation costs that are often disregarded during the house search process. Therefore, to improve the well-being of households, it has been advocated to set a constraint on the share of both housing and transportation expenditure. The paper is purported to analyze and compare the effects of the two policies in terms of: 1. Well-being of the households; 2. Land-use: city size and density curve; 3. Solvability of the households; 4. Transportation costs. The analysis is carried out within the classical monocentric model of urban economics. After setting a general analysis, an applied model is specified to capture the effects of each policy in straightforward formulae. It is shown that constraining housing expenses may increase the well-being of households. Besides, both policies prove effective in reducing urban sprawl and hereby energy consumption. Thus the choice of the optimal policy will depend on the local authority's objectives.</text>
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                <text>Economie et Statistique</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economy and finances</text>
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                <text>discrimination salariale</text>
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                <text>discrimination territoriale</text>
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                <text>Lieu de résidence et discrimination salariale : le cas des jeunes habitant dans une zone urbaine sensible</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:00684</text>
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                <text>Courade Georges. Victoria Bota : Croissance urbaine et immigration. Paris : ORSTOM, 1979, 126 p. (Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM ; 105). </text>
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                <text>MIGRATION</text>
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                <text>URBANISATION</text>
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                <text>EXTENSION SPATIALE</text>
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                <text>ATTRACTION URBAINE</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Victoria Bota : Croissance urbaine et immigration</text>
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