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                <text>Le Maroc face au defi urbain. Quelle politique de la ville&amp;nbsp;?</text>
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                <text>Chouiki Mustapha, Maroc, politique de la ville, dysfonctionnements urbains, probl&amp;egrave;mes urbains</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;div&gt;Cet ouvrage qui met en parall&amp;egrave;le le d&amp;eacute;fi urbain et la politique de la ville que le Maroc s&amp;rsquo;att&amp;egrave;le &amp;agrave; mettre en place, se veut porteur d&amp;rsquo;une nouvelle vision du ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne urbain, et de la gestion dont il fait l&amp;rsquo;objet.&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt; Dans ce sens, il cherche d&amp;rsquo;apporter un nouvel &amp;eacute;clairage sur les dysfonctionnements urbains, qu&amp;rsquo;il aborde dans le cadre d&amp;rsquo;une vision globale, en tant que manifestations sectorielles d&amp;rsquo;un m&amp;ecirc;me et unique d&amp;eacute;fi, auquel le Maroc est confront&amp;eacute; depuis d&amp;eacute;j&amp;agrave; un si&amp;egrave;cle. Autrement dit, il se veut une fa&amp;ccedil;on de repenser le d&amp;eacute;fi urbain, dans un pays o&amp;ugrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;quation urbaine ne cesse de multiplier les inconnues. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Ainsi, le regard multidimensionnel port&amp;eacute; sur le ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne urbain &amp;agrave; travers les dysfonctionnements qu&amp;rsquo;il d&amp;eacute;veloppe, a r&amp;eacute;v&amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute; que le traitement sectoriel est pour beaucoup dans la reproduction des probl&amp;egrave;mes de la ville marocaine, alors que cette derni&amp;egrave;re ne cesse de se pr&amp;eacute;senter, dans sa globalit&amp;eacute; comme un &amp;eacute;norme d&amp;eacute;fi que le pays n&amp;rsquo;arrive pas &amp;agrave; relever.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Comme, il lance les bases d&amp;rsquo;une r&amp;eacute;flexion approfondie sur la politique de la ville au Maroc, telle qu&amp;rsquo;elle ressort du projet de ce nouveau n&amp;eacute; de la politique urbaine marocaine. Autrement dit, il tente de revisiter le projet de politique de la ville, que le Maroc cherche &amp;agrave; mettre en place. L&amp;rsquo;analyse de ce projet tel qu&amp;rsquo;il se profile actuellement, a mis en &amp;eacute;vidence que la politique de la ville ne peut se permettre d&amp;rsquo;appr&amp;eacute;hender les dysfonctionnements urbains en tant que probl&amp;egrave;mes ind&amp;eacute;pendants les uns des autres. Elle est attendue, sur ce plan, par le changement qu&amp;rsquo;elle a introduire au niveau de l&amp;rsquo;approche des probl&amp;egrave;mes urbains. Elle doit &amp;ecirc;tre globale ou ne pas &amp;ecirc;tre. Elle doit &amp;ecirc;tre globalement au service du changement, comme v&amp;eacute;hicule du changement , et comme cadre de planification du changement urbain attendu. Dans ce sens, si le projet de politique de la ville reste &amp;agrave; finaliser, la ville de demain reste &amp;agrave; inventer.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Pour ce, le projet en question, a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; soumis &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;preuve du questionnement pour tester ses capacit&amp;eacute;s d&amp;rsquo;affronter un d&amp;eacute;fi qui tout en s&amp;rsquo;amplifiant ne cesse de d&amp;eacute;multiplier ses facettes.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Cet ouvrage qui soul&amp;egrave;ve plus de questions qu&amp;rsquo;il n&amp;rsquo;apporte de r&amp;eacute;ponses, est ainsi cens&amp;eacute; susciter plus de d&amp;eacute;bats que de consensus. Pour ce, il ne saurait &amp;ecirc;tre boucl&amp;eacute; sans reposer la question qui a fond&amp;eacute; sa structuration, sa consistance et sa raison d&amp;rsquo;&amp;ecirc;tre m&amp;ecirc;me : Quelle politique de la ville ? &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Mustapha Chouiki&lt;/strong&gt; est professeur à la Facult&amp;eacute; des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Ain Chock, de l&amp;rsquo;Universit&amp;eacute; Hassan II, Casablanca, où il enseigne la g&amp;eacute;ographie urbaine et l&amp;rsquo;urbanisme. Ses travaux de recherche se focalisent depuis plus de trente ans sur la ville marocaine, au sein de l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;quipe de recherche qu&amp;rsquo;il dirige (POL.AM).</text>
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                <text>Chouiki Mustapha</text>
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                <text>Dar Attaouhidi 118, rue Napoli, Oc&amp;eacute;an, Rabat Maroc darattaouhidi@yahoo.fr</text>
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                <text>Deutsch, Jean-Claude. Directeur de thèse </text>
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                <text>La population européenne est par excellence urbaine. Les européens ont clairement affiche leur volonté pour l'amélioration de la qualité de la vie urbaine. Quand les autres sources de pollution sont maîtrisées, les eaux pluviales deviennent la source principale de pollution en zone urbaine. Parallèlement les inondations dues au ruissellement deviennent de plus en plus importantes en raison de l'imperméabilisation de la surface des bassins versants urbanises.  Les techniques alternatives peuvent aider à résoudre plusieurs problèmes (qualité des milieux récepteurs, qualité de vie, ressources en eau, inondations urbaines) mais elles nécessitent le changement du paradigme technique "hygiènistique" pour établir un nouveau paradigme de "gestion à la source". Ceci entraîne plusieurs changements d'ordre organisationnel.  L'assainissement des eaux pluviales redevient une affaire "publique" et les ouvrages visibles. La mise en oeuvre de techniques alternatives dépendent de bien d'autres facteurs que les facteurs techniques.  Notre étude a eu pour objectif d'analyser et de comparer la gestion de l'eau pluviale et surtout l'application des techniques alternatives dans sept pays européens (Suède, Danemark, Pays-Bas, Allemagne, France, Royaume-Uni, Grèce), sur les plans contextuel (liens avec d'autres secteurs techniques et politiques) et organisationnel et dans la mise en place des politiques publiques. Le pays choisis partagent une histoire technique et ont un patrimoine urbain semblable. Ils sont tous membres de l'union européenne dont la volonté politique est l'harmonisation, technique et organisationnelle, de la gestion de l'eau. La recherche a conduit a préciser les facteurs déterminants pour la mise en oeuvre des techniques alternatives et a proposer des actions pour la promotion des techniques alternatives en Europe.</text>
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                <text>techniques alternatives, eau pluviale, politique publique, processus de décision, gestion, aménagement urbain, Europe</text>
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                <text>La gestion des eaux pluviales urbaines en Europe : analyse des conditions de développement des techniques alternatives</text>
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                <text>La gestion de l’assainissement urbain est aujourd’hui un champ d’analyse privilégié du rôle de la proximité dans les recompositions territoriales. Depuis les années 1970, les collectivités territoriales ne peuvent plus compter sur leurs seuls réseaux techniques pour assurer la préservation et la valorisation de leur ressource en eau. Des solutions (re)territorialisées progressent. Fondées sur la notion de contrôle à la source, ces solutions se sont traduites par l’expérimentation et la relative généralisation de techniques alternatives aux réseaux dans de nombreuses villes nord-américaines et européennes. Il existe, dans ces cas, une volonté d’inverser les logiques traditionnelles, de passer d’une compétence essentiellement technique, développée et mise en œuvre au sein d’un service sectorisé fonctionnant de manière technocratique, à des savoir-faire non seulement techniques mais aussi organisationnels, impliquant un fonctionnement transversal des services urbains, dans le cadre d’un projet territorial partagé. La proximité est d’abord utilisée ici comme catégorie d’analyse de ces transformations, puis comme principe d’évaluation de ces nouvelles pratiques d’assainissement et enfin comme facteur de généralisation du contrôle à la source. Si la gestion décentralisée de l’assainissement suscite des formes d’action publique originales, elle continue de buter sur des segmentations institutionnelles et professionnelles. L’existence de techniques plus ou moins standardisées ne suffit pas à construire un référentiel de politiques d’assainissement pluvial qui s’impose aux acteurs de la ville et la réussite d’un projet dépend au final de l’engagement du maître d’ouvrage. Pourtant, un nombre croissant de réseaux de chercheurs et de praticiens de l’assainissement contribuent à construire des cultures locales privilégiant une hydrologie urbaine centrée sur le contrôle à la source.  </text>
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                <text>Urban drainage is nowadays a good example in order to consider the issue of proximity in environmental and local development public policies. Usual drainage systems have proved to be not sufficient and excessively expensive. More and more alternative solutions are experimented and implemented in Northern American and European cities. These experiences are based on source control and sustainable urban drainage solutions (SUDS). SUDS require many changes, not only in the institutions taking part in urban drainage policy, but more generally in organisations involved in the construction of the city. Source control implies a switch from a sector-related and technical management to a contextual water management, involving a wide range of stakeholders, interacting in order to create an optimum living environment. Proximity is here used as a category of analysis in order to understand the on-going changes; proximity is than used as a way to assess the new drainage systems; finally we focus on existing possibilities to generalise source control taking into consideration that SUDS are always related to a local context. There is no doubt that decentralised urban drainage has generated new forms of public action; still SUDS development is always limited because of institutional and professional obstacles. There is no strong and common urban drainage policy referential that will lead all concerned stake-holders to cooperate in order to elaborate the most sustainable source control device. Most of the time, the success of the project depends on a specific political will. However, a growing number of hybrid networks, involving searchers and urban developers, are favouring local source control “cultures”. </text>
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                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/2674</text>
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                <text>As land take favours the development of new artificial areas in most cities, urban green spaces (UGSs) play a key role for the quality of life and the attractiveness of cities. This paper highlights the ins and outs of the decision making ‐ process in order to stress the issues inherent to the provision of UGSs. We examine the influence of spatial spillovers in order to identify strategic interactions between neighbouring municipalities in a sample of French municipalities. Our aim is to assess the efficiency of local policies as strategic behaviours may lead to a non optimal level of UGSs. For this purpose we conducted a survey with municipal greening services given the absence of centralized data regarding the surfaces and spending for UGSs. The analysis is based on spatial econometrics techniques. Using different weight matrices, we find that data follow a spatial lag pattern. The results suggest that municipalities tend to imitate their neighbours for the provision of UGSs. It is also found that environmental amenities such as coastal area and vineyards are substitutes to UGSs.</text>
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                <text>2ème Rencontres du Logement organisées par l'Institut d'Economie Publique</text>
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                <text>2ème Rencontres du Logement organisées par l'Institut d'Economie Publique</text>
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                <text>parcs urbains</text>
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                <text>effets de débordement</text>
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                <text>local public goods</text>
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                <text>The effects of spatial spillovers on the provision of urban environmental amenities</text>
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                <text>La densification des zones urbaines et leur extension périphérique tendent à modifier fortement les paysages et les modes de vie dans ces zones. Les espaces verts urbains deviennent des éléments incontournables de l'urbanisme moderne. Ceux-ci contribuent à l'apparence « durable » des politiques de la ville et sont plébiscités par les citoyens. Malgré la diffusion des enquêtes d'opinion sur les espaces verts et des rapports des pouvoirs publics sur les enjeux sous-jacents, peu d'analyses économiques leurs sont consacrées. Face à ce constat, une meilleure connaissance et compréhension des espaces verts s'avèrent nécessaires. Leur caractère non marchand nous renvoie à la problématique de la gestion des biens collectifs. Nous identifions les sources de défaillances du marché afin de mettre en exergue le fond des problèmes économiques inhérents à l'allocation des espaces verts. Il ressort de cette analyse le besoin d'identifier les préférences individuelles et d'appréhender les choix publics par le biais d'une démarche positive et empirique. L'application de la méthode des prix hédonistes dans la ville d'Angers permet de mettre en évidence que les ménages résidents accordent de la valeur aux espaces verts. Grâce à l'utilisation d'indicateurs issus de l'écologie du paysage, nous montrons que l'accessibilité à des espaces verts, mais aussi leur répartition, influencent les choix de localisation résidentielle. L'identification d'une demande nous conduit à considérer l'offre locale des espaces verts. Pour ce faire, nous construisons trois échantillons à partir d'une enquête et d'un système d'information géographique. Nous testons le modèle de l'électeur médian pour les communes de la région des Pays de la Loire, puis nous testons le modèle d'interactions horizontales dans des échantillons de communes du département de la Loire-Atlantique et de l'aire urbaine d'Angers. Nos résultats permettent d'identifier l'existence de comportements mimétiques entre les communes.</text>
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                <text>Université d'Angers</text>
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                <text>espaces verts</text>
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                <text>Analyse économique d'un bien public local : les espaces verts</text>
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                <text>48</text>
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                <text>Chouquer, Gérard</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_034_0133</text>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 34, 2, 2012-10-01, pp.133-151</text>
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                <text>La contribution archéogéographique à l'analyse de morphologie urbaine</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Coulton, Claudia J. Advisor</text>
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                <text>Chow, Julian Chun-Chung</text>
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                <text>This study examines the interrelationships and their location among a set of social conditions across the inner city neighborhoods in a northern industrial city over the decade of the 1980s. Specifically, it addresses the questions of whether there has been a change in the structure of neighborhood social conditions and how that change occurred over time. It extends the current literature to provide an understanding of the dynamic changes of neighborhood structure. A multivariate-structural approach is used to analyze the occurrence rates of ten social conditions between 1980 and 1989. Results of the analysis showed that the internal structure of the neighborhood social conditions had indeed changed over time. In the early 1980s, the occurrence of social conditions varied along three dimensions of difficulties related to adolescents, families and children, and crimes. By the late 1980s, these social conditions had become highly interconnected and could not be differentiated by the earlier structure. Three new dimensions, including the substantial difficulties to the families, children, teenagers, and young adults as a single dimension, together with safety and infant death, have emerged. The increasing family disruption and the involvement of d elinquent behaviors with drug activities appeared to be the major driving forces for such a structural change. The quality of life in inner city neighborhoods is worsening due to the increasing interdependence of these devastating conditions. Social conditions were not evenly distributed. In the early 1980s, five areas: stable, urban village, anomie, family breakup, and extreme-outlier were classified by the different problems that each area had encountered. By the late 1980s, four other areas were identified: stable, transitory, distressed, and extreme-outlier. They were differentiated by the overall deterioration levels of the social conditions. Although most neighborhoods have witnessed a decline in social conditions, some areas were more resistant to adverse change than the others. The stability in residential compositions and family structure, as well as the availability of local resources seem to play significant roles in the reversal process. To provide support and resources in the neighborhoods therefore becomes crucial. Prevention of further decline in neighborhood social conditions is recommended as the focus of policy and program planning in the future.</text>
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                <text>http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055958919</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1099</text>
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                <text>La dimension historique de l'espace résidentiel décrit la différenciation actuelle de l'habitat en tant que sédimentation des formes historiques d'organisation de l'espace urbain. Ces formes dépendent du mode de reproduction de la force de travail durant chacune des trois grandes périodes de croissance depuis la révolution industrielle. La dimension structurelle se réfère à l'organisation et au fonctionnement du marché du logement, qui décide de la localisation des ménages dans cet espace différencié. Ces deux dimensions expliquent la correspondance entre caractéristiques des habitants et des logements. Elles donnent lieu à des espaces résidentiels différenciés qui concourent au processus général de reproduction sociale. L'article est illustré par le cas de Bruxelles.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="376388">
                <text>The historical and structural dimensions of the social differentiation of urban space: the case of Brussels. 

The historical dimension of residential space describes the present-day situation in terms of historical forms of organisation of urban space. These forms have changed with the mode of reproduction of the labour force during the three periods of economic growth since the industrial revolution. 
The structural dimension refers to the organisation and functioning of the housing market, which assign a location within this differentiated urban space to the households. 
These two dimensions explain the correspondence between household and housing characteristics in urban space. This gives rise to different residential subspaces which 
contribute to the general process of social reproduction. 
The paper is illustrated by the case of Brussels.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="376389">
                <text>Kesteloot Christian. Les dimensions historique et structurelle de la différenciation sociale de l'espace urbain : l'exemple bruxellois. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-1. Logement et différenciations sociales dans les villes européennes - Housing and social differentiation in european cities. pp. 15-29.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376390">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1986_num_4_1_1082</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="376391">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1986.1082</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376392">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376393">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376394">
                <text>Brussels. ; Social reproduction ; reproduction of the labour force ; residential space ; housing market ; Belgium</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="376395">
                <text>Reproduction sociale ; reproduction de la force de travail ; espace résidentiel ; marché du logement ; Belgique ; Bruxelles.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376396">
                <text>Les dimensions historique et structurelle de la différenciation sociale de l'espace urbain : l'exemple bruxellois</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
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              <elementText elementTextId="376397">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382757">
                <text>277-290</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382758">
                <text>Christian Kesteloot</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382759">
                <text>Henk Meert</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382760">
                <text>Pascale Mistiaen</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382761">
                <text>1995</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382762">
                <text>La polarisation socio-spatiale de la région urbaine de Bruxelles peut se décomposer en trois niveaux qui mettent en jeu différents processus spatiaux. Le premier niveau, résultat de la croissance économique et de la suburbanisation des années soixante, se joue entre la ville et sa périphérie. Le second s'opère à l'intérieur de Bruxelles, par les mécanismes du marché du logement et l'impact de la crise économique sur celui-ci. Enfin, dans certains quartiers de Bruxelles apparaît une dégradation en spirale, tant sur le plan de l'environnement que sur le plan social. Ils se rapprochent alors des 'no go areas' des cités américaines. 
Dans ce contexte, deux quartiers défavorisés seront présentés. Ils sont l'un et l'autre proches du centre- ville, de l'ancien axe industriel et offrent une forte concentration d'étrangers. Apparemment similaires, ils présentent des possibilités d'organisation et d'insertion sociale très différentes, essentiellement liés à la mixité de l'environnement et à la cohésion sociale de la population.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382763">
                <text>Socio-Spatial Polarisation and Survival Strategies in two Brussels' Neighbourhoods. 

Socio-spatial polarisation in the Brussels urban region can be dealt with at three levels at which different spatial processes are operating. The first level operates to distinguish the city from its periphery and results from the economic growth and suburbanisation of the 1960s. The second level of polarisation occurs within Brussels itself and relates to mechanisms in the housing market and the impact of economic crisis on these. Thirdly, in certain districts of Brussels there is a spiral of degradation, both in environmental and in social terms. They are becoming something like the 'no go areas' of American cities. Two such disadvantaged areas are examined here. Both are close to the city centre, on the old industrial axis, and both have strong concentrations of foreigners. Although apparently similar, the two areas actually offer very different opportunities for community development and social integration, essentially related to the heterogeneity of the environment and the social cohesion of the populations concerned.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382764">
                <text>Mistiaen Pascale, Meert Henk, Kesteloot Christian. Polarisation socio-spatiale et stratégies de survie dans deux quartiers bruxellois.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1995-3. Les marginalités urbaines. pp. 277-290.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382765">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1995_num_13_3_1703</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382766">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1995.1703</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382767">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382768">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382769">
                <text>Social Services ; Milano ; Italy ; Urban Poverty ; Health and Social Security</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382770">
                <text>Polarisation ; Immigrés ; Quartiers défavorisés ; Bruxelles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382771">
                <text>Polarisation socio-spatiale et stratégies de survie dans deux quartiers bruxellois.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382772">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="22959" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="33">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384921">
                <text>249-261</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384922">
                <text>Christian Kesteloot</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384923">
                <text>Pascale Mistiaen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384924">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384925">
                <text>Socialization and Marginalization of Youth in Brussels disadvantaged neighbourhoods, segre-gation at school 

This paper looks at the socio-spatial processes of exclusion of youth in Brussels and starts with the strong relation between concentration of young immigrants and neighbourhood poverty measures. These neighbourhoods concentrate the future generation of the urban population, but are at the same time the core of polarisation and social exclusion processes. The first results of a research on social exclusion and deliquency of youngsters in Brussels show that segregation in the schools, independently of school location, is a strong lever of marginalization for the youth of these neighbourhoods.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384926">
                <text>L'article analyse les processus socio-spatiaux de marginalisation des jeunes à Bruxelles, en partant de la forte relation entre concentration de jeunes issus de l'immigration et degré de pauvreté des quartiers. Ces quartiers concentrent la future génération de la population urbaine et sont au centre des processus de polarisation et d'exclusion sociale. Les premiers résultats d'une étude sur l'exclusion sociale des jeunes et la délinquance à Bruxelles démontrent que la ségrégation au niveau des écoles, indépendamment d'ailleurs de leur propre implantation, est un puissant levier de marginalisation des jeunes issus de ces quartiers.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384927">
                <text>Mistiaen Pascale, Kesteloot Christian. Socialisation et marginalisation des jeunes de la zone défavorisée de Bruxelles, un accès différencié à l'école. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1998-2. Les jeunes - The young People. pp. 249-261.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384928">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1998_num_16_2_1839</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384929">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1998.1839</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384930">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384931">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384932">
                <text>Social Exclusion ; Brussels ; Youth ; Immigrants ; Education</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384933">
                <text>Exclusion sociale ; Scolarité ; Immigrés ; Jeunes ; Bruxelles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384934">
                <text>Socialisation et marginalisation des jeunes de la zone défavorisée de Bruxelles, un accès différencié à l'école</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384935">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="22179" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="33">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375622">
                <text>119-127</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375623">
                <text>Christian Pihet</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375624">
                <text>Jean-René Bertrand</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375625">
                <text>1988</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375626">
                <text>Geographical analysis of approaches of geography of households and families: large families in Pays de la Loire region. 

Two features comprise the geographical analysis of the family: size and structure. The disparities of these two indicators must be correlated with age and socio-economic status in order to fully understand the spatial structure of society at the local level. The «Pays de la Loire» region is characterized by a relatively high proportion of large families. These are located in essentially rural areas. Smaller families are to be found in cities and their peri-urban regions. This pattern conforms with the national trend. The study of some marginal family types (non-family households...) reveals surprising location patterns, in Vendée choletaise for instance.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375627">
                <text>Deux axes de recherche organisent l'analyse géographique de la famille : il s'agit de l'étude de la structure et de la taille des familles. Les distributions de ces deux indicateurs, pour autant qu'elles soient croisées avec les effets de structure par âge et de catégorie socio-professionnelle, constituent un élément important pour la compréhension des comportements spatiaux des sociétés locales. Les auteurs s'attachent à présenter les disparités géographiques des types et tailles de familles dans les Pays de la Loire. En 1982, le maintien d'un nombre significatif de familles nombreuses localisées de façon privilégiée en milieu rural, constitue l'une des originalités régionales. Toutefois les espaces urbains et péri-urbains sont caractérisés par le type dominant de la famille à descendance restreinte, ce qui semble conforme à l'évolution nationale. L'examen des formes marginales de la vie familiale (ménages sans famille...) révèle des localisations préférentielles en Vendée Choletaise et suggère des pratiques sociales d'accueil dans cette aire déjà originale par ses familles à descendance nombreuse.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375628">
                <text>Bertrand Jean-René, Christians Charles. Approches d'une géographie des ménages et des familles. Les familles nombreuses dans les Pays de la Loire. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-1. Ménages, familles et isolés - Households, families and lonely persons. pp. 119-127.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375629">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1988_num_6_1_1249</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375630">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1988.1249</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375631">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375632">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375633">
                <text>Households ; Families ; Age and sex structure ; Large families ; Small families ; Disparities. ; France - Pays de la Loire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375634">
                <text>France - Pays de la Loire ; Familles réduites ; Familles nombreuses ; Structure par âge et par sexe ; Familles ; Ménages ; Disparités.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375635">
                <text>Approches d'une géographie des ménages et des familles. Les familles nombreuses dans les Pays de la Loire</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375636">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>335-346</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382868">
                <text>Christian Poiret</text>
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                <text>Black African Families in Paris Area : from the «Ethnic» Category to the Concrete «African» Groups. 

The urban segregation in Paris area produces, with diversified Black African migrants, concrete «African» groups in some depreciated districts. This article proposes a quantitative and dynamic approach of this phenomenon, based both on the ministry of education's statistics and the general census of population, and a qualitative approach of the four main types of African families' housing conditions (migrant workers' hostels, delapidated private housing, devaluated social housing, state-aided accession to the property). It shows how the powerful discrimination suffered by the so-called «African» population (foreign or French) in the housing market favours a process of communalisation within the ethnicised and segregated African groups.</text>
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                <text>La ségrégation urbaine à base ethnique produit, à partir des populations diversifiées originaires d'Afrique subsaharienne, des groupes «africains» bien réels, concrets, dans certains quartiers défavorisés d'Ile-de-France. 
Cet article propose une approche quantitative et dynamique de ce phénomène, basé à la fois sur les statistiques de l'Education Nationale et sur les recensements de 1982 et de 1990, et une approche qualitative à travers la présentation des quatre principaux types d'habitat des familles africaines (foyers de travailleurs migrants, parc privé vétusté, segments inférieurs du parc locatif social, accession aidée à la propriété). Il montre comment l'exceptionnelle ségrégation subie sur le marché du logement par les populations catégorisées comme «africaines» - qu'elles soient de nationalité française ou étrangère - favorise en retour des processus de communalisation au sein des groupes «africains» ethnicisés.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382872">
                <text>POIRET Christian. L'inclusion des familles africaines en Ile-de-France : de la catégorie «ethnique» aux groupes «africains». In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1996-2-3. Immigrés et enfants d'immigrés. pp. 335-346.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1996_num_14_2_1758</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382874">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1996.1758</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382875">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Segregation ; Africans ; Housing ; Paris Area ; Ethnic Categorisation ; Ethnic Discrimination ; Agrégation ; Ethnicisation ; Communalisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382878">
                <text>Communalisation ; Africains ; Logement ; Habitat ; Ile-de-France ; Catégorisation ethnique ; Discrimination ethnique ; Ségrégation ; Agrégation ; Ethnicisation</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382879">
                <text>L'inclusion des familles africaines en Ile-de-France : de la catégorie «ethnique» aux groupes «africains»</text>
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          </element>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382880">
                <text>article</text>
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                  <text>Genèses. Sciences sociales et histoire</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644263">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=genes_Couverture.png</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432672">
                <text>86-111</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="432673">
                <text>Christian Topalov</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432674">
                <text>1990</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="432675">
                <text>Topalov Christian, . La ville « congestionnée ». Acteurs et langage de la réforme urbaine à New York au début du XXe siècle. In: Genèses, 1, 1990. Les voies de l'histoire. pp. 86-111.</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432676">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1990_num_1_1_1015</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="432677">
                <text>doi:10.3406/genes.1990.1015</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432678">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="432679">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="432680">
                <text>La ville « congestionnée ». Acteurs et langage de la réforme urbaine à New York au début du XXe siècle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432681">
                <text>article</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644262">
                  <text>Genèses. Sciences sociales et histoire</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644263">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=genes_Couverture.png</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644264">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433470">
                <text>4-34</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433471">
                <text>Christian Topalov</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433472">
                <text>1991</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433473">
                <text>Topalov Christian, . La ville, « terre inconnue ». L'enquête de Charles Booth et le peuple de Londres, 1886-1891. In: Genèses, 5, 1991. Observer, classer, administrer. pp. 4-34.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433474">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1991_num_5_1_1075</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="433475">
                <text>doi:10.3406/genes.1991.1075</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433476">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433477">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="433478">
                <text>La ville, « terre inconnue ». L'enquête de Charles Booth et le peuple de Londres, 1886-1891</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="433479">
                <text>article</text>
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                  <text>Genèses. Sciences sociales et histoire</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644263">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=genes_Couverture.png</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644264">
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="435518">
                <text>4-5</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="435519">
                <text>Christian Topalov</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="435520">
                <text>1994</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="435521">
                <text>Topalov Christian, . Territoires urbains contestés. In: Genèses, 16, 1994. Territoires urbains contestés. pp. 4-5.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="435522">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1994_num_16_1_1242</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="435523">
                <text>fre</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="435524">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="435525">
                <text>Territoires urbains contestés</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="435526">
                <text>liminaire</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644262">
                  <text>Genèses. Sciences sociales et histoire</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644263">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=genes_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644264">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="436764">
                <text>2-3</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="436765">
                <text>Christian Topalov</text>
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                <text>1996</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="436767">
                <text>Topalov Christian, . La ville : postures, regards, savoirs. In: Genèses, 22, 1996. La ville : postures, regards, savoirs. pp. 2-3.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="436768">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1996_num_22_1_1365</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="436769">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="436770">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Genèses. Sciences sociales et histoire</text>
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                <text>■ Christian Topalov: Maurice Halbwachs, photographe des taudis parisiens (1908) En février 1908, Maurice Halbwachs prend une série de photographies de la Cité Jeanne-d'Arc, un îlot d'habitations populaires dénoncé par les hygiénistes comme l'un des pires «taudis » parisiens, et les remet à Albert Thomas pour que celui-ci les utilise dans l'Humanité dans la campagne des élections municipales. Ces photos inaugurent une phase active de la participation de Halbwachs au réseau du «socialisme normalien» et sont contemporaines de la préparation de sa thèse de droit. Elles s'inscrivent en outre dans une série de promenades parisiennes du sociologue et dans une tradition littéraire et réformatrice d'exploration urbaine. Le regard socialement préconstitué sur la ville et le peuple qui se laisse surprendre dans ces documents constituent la matière première des travaux savants de Halbwachs sur Les expropriations et le prix des terrains à Paris et La classe ouvrière et les niveaux de vie.</text>
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                <text>Christian Topalov: Maurice Halbwachs, the Photographer of Parisian Slums (1908) In February, 1908, Maurice Halbwachs took a series of photographs of the Cité Jeanne-d'Arc, an area of working-class housing denounced by hygienists as one of the worst «slums» in Paris. He gave them to Albert Thomas for publication in Y Humanité, during the municipal election campaign. The photographs signalled the start of an active phase of Halbwachs participation in the «Ecole Normale socialism» network and were contemporary with the preparation of his doctoral thesis in law. Moreover, they belong to a series of walks in Paris and a literary and reformist tradition of urban exploration. The socially prefabricated approach to the city and the people who are revealed in these documents provides the raw material for Halbwach's scholarly work on Expropriation and the Price of Land in Paris and The Working Class and the Standard of Living.</text>
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