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                <text>Ferrier, C.</text>
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                <text>Muller, Vivienne</text>
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                <text>Imagining Brisbane focuses on a number of narratives set in Brisbane and published between 1975 and 1995. The major narratives are Jessica Anderson's The Commandant and Tirra Lirra by the River, David Malouf's 12 Edmondstone Street and Johnno, Susan Johnson's Messages from Chaos, Janette Turner Hospital's The Last Magician, Jay Vemey's A Mortality Tale, Rosie Scott's Lives on Fire, Nick Earls' Zigzag Street, Venero Armanno's Romeo of the Underworld, and Andrew McGahan's Praise and 1988.

The study examines, principally through textual analysis, the ways in which Brisbane as a city is actively constituted by the narratives (Donald, 1997: 187) as they explore the links between identity and place. The focus here is not to compare the real to the fictional city, rather to analyse how the fictional representations invite us to see the city (183). This being said, the narratives themselves often deal with events, developments and geographies of place that have been part of the "real" that has shaped Brisbane's history. In broad terms the narratives are involved in a deliberate and self-conscious naming of specific sites, spaces and topographical markers of Brisbane; they emphasise the importance of the spatial in the formation of subjectivity and they examine the gendered nature of the relationships between space and subjectivity with a strong emphasis on the body. The dissertation also addresses issues fundamental to the ways in which the narratives might be seen to constitute a regional discourse; to this end the thesis raises questions in relation to patterns and motifs that emerge in common in the texts, and considers the ways in which they participate in particular cultural mythologisings of the city. To frame and investigate the issues, the study draws on a range of theoretical concepts offered by cultural geography, gender analysis and theories of the city, particularly those concerned with the spatial.</text>
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                <text>imaginary, literature, identity, representation, gender, urban culture, urban space</text>
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                <text>Imagining Brisbane : Narratives of the city 1975-1995</text>
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                <text>Imagining low life before the East End's invention, c. 1780s to 1840s</text>
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                <text>Londres, London, East End, histoire urbaine, eighteenth century, nineteenth century, dix-huitième siècle, dix-neuvième siècle, pauvreté, quartier défavorisé, Gatrell Vic, imaginaire</text>
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2 July 2009

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Vic Gatrell</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;This paper was part of the &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://www.history.ac.uk/aac2009"&gt;Anglo-American Conference of historians 2009, on the theme 'cities'&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Conference description by the organisers :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The conference will deal with cities throughout the world, with papers examining the networks of cities and their role in cultural formation, the relations between cities, territories and larger political units, the ideologies and cosmologies of the city and what distinguishes the city or town from other forms of settlement or ways of life.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Paper abstract from the organisers : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This paper looks at East London life before Victorian observers 'invented', 'ideologically constructed', 'mythicised', or 'problematised' the 'East End' (as the fashionable phrases nowadays go). It sets aside the Victorian judgements and anxieties through which many historians still filter their views of East London and, without denying its deprivations, it speculates how best we might treat its 'low life' in its own and more positive terms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recalling Dr Johnson's advice to Boswell in 1783 to go with curious eye and philosophic mind to Wapping the better to measure London's 'wonderful extent and variety', the paper focuses on the century after 1750 or so, to wonder what it was that outsiders were responding to when they described East Enders as 'happy', and allowed them their own exuberant vitality.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Vic Gatrell &lt;/b&gt;is a retired Professor of History at the University of Cambridge.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
NB : This recording may be streamed via your web browser or opened in iTunes.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
See also recordings of the other conference sessions:&lt;/div&gt;
Ideas of the metropolis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
What is a city? The English experience&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cities and peripheries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Imagining the East End in literature and social survey, 1880-1990&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multicultural London: Past, present and future. A history and policy discussion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Imagining the city : Memories and cultures in Cape Town</text>
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2007

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HSRC Press 

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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Cities are not only made of buildings and roads, they are also constructed through popular imagination and spaces of representation. Imagining the City: Memories and Cultures in Cape Town presents an array of oral and visual histories drawn from people, who live, work and creatively express themselves in the city.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This book explores the apartheid legacies of the city and demonstrates that cultural life flourished through people&amp;rsquo;s resilience in spite of adversity. Authors move beyond apartheid history to analyse the reflective ways in which people are coming to terms with that history through memory work, performance and memorialisation. Other chapters provide contemporary views of local interactions such as moments of urban violence or people negotiating the challenges of a globalised world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Whatever the context, this book traces social and cultural interactions over time and across city spaces that speak directly to the senses, memories and imagining of Cape Town.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Imagining the City makes an important contribution to public discourse about a vision for, and ownership of the city by affirming the memory of its inhabitants, and by hinting at the work that can, and should still be done in foregrounding memory and culture in the re-imagination of Cape Town as a city.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Foreword - Mike van Graan&lt;br /&gt;
Introduction - Sean Field and Felicity Swanson&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disruptive memories :&lt;br /&gt;
1 Sites of memory in Langa - Sean Field&lt;br /&gt;
2 So there I sit in a Catch-22 situation&amp;rsquo;: Remembering and imagining trauma in the District Six Museum - Sofie M.M.A. Geschier&lt;br /&gt;
3 Between waking and dreaming: Living with urban fear, paradox and possibility - Renate Meyer&lt;br /&gt;
4 The quickest way to move on is to go back&amp;rsquo;: Bomb blast survivors&amp;rsquo; narratives of trauma and recovery - Anastasia Maw&lt;br /&gt;
5 Where is home? Transnational migration and identity amongst Nigerians in Cape Town - Iyonawan Masade&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Resilient cultures :&lt;br /&gt;
6 &amp;lsquo;Catch with the eye&amp;rsquo;: Stories of Muslim food in Cape Town - Gabeba Baderoon&lt;br /&gt;
7 Julle kan ma New York toe gaan, ek bly in die Manenberg&amp;rsquo;: An oral history of jazz in Cape Town from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s - Colin Miller&lt;br /&gt;
8 Da struggle kontinues into the 21st century: Two decades of nation-conscious rap in Cape Town - Ncedisa Nkonyeni&lt;br /&gt;
9 Changing nature: working lives on Table Mountain, 1980&amp;ndash;2000&amp;nbsp; - Louise Green&lt;br /&gt;
10 &amp;lsquo;Language of the eyes&amp;rsquo;: Stories of contemporary visual art practice in Cape Town - Thabo Manetsi and Renate Meyer&lt;br /&gt;
11 &amp;lsquo;Die SACS kom terug&amp;rsquo;: Intervarsity rugby, masculinity and white identity at the University of Cape Town, 1960s&amp;ndash;1970s&amp;nbsp; - Felicity Swanson&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Dr Sean Field&lt;/b&gt; is the Director of the Centre for Popular Memory in the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Cape Town&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Renate Meyer&lt;/b&gt; is a researcher and archival officer with the Centre for Popular Memory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Felicity Swanson&lt;/b&gt; is a training co-ordinator with the Centre for Popular Memory&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;This paper was part of the &lt;a href="https://www.history.ac.uk/aac2009" target="_blank"&gt;Anglo-American Conference of historians 2009&lt;/a&gt;, on the theme 'cities'.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Conference description by the organisers :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The conference will deal with cities throughout the world, with papers examining the networks of cities and their role in cultural formation, the relations between cities, territories and larger political units, the ideologies and cosmologies of the city and what distinguishes the city or town from other forms of settlement or ways of life.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Paper abstract from the organisers : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This paper will explore the emergence of 'East End' as a category of description and analysis in fiction and social scientific discourse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Where, exactly (or even approximately!), was the 'East End' and what were its social, cultural and geographical attributes? The paper will pay particular attention to the writings of George Gissing, whose reputation as a novelist of slum life has often led to his being associated with the East End; to the relationship between Gissing and other 'East Enders', such as Arthur Morrison, Walter Besant and the Rev. Osborne Jay; and to the parallels and interactions between Gissing's fiction and Charles Booth's Labour and Life of the People and the associated 'Descriptive Map of London Poverty 1889'. Of special interest is Gissing's early novel, The Unclassed. In its first edition as a three-volume novel (1884), the slums that play a prominent role in The Unclassed were situated in Westminster, but by 1895, in revising &amp;ndash; mainly abridging &amp;ndash; the novel into a single volume, Gissing relocated the slums to the East End, reflecting shifts in both popular perceptions of the East End and 'real' ongoing changes in the geography of poverty in London in the 1890s that are also revealed by the 1898&amp;ndash;99 revised edition of Booth's poverty maps.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Richard Dennis &lt;/b&gt;is a Professor in the Department of Geography at UCL.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NB : This recording may be streamed via your web browser or opened in iTunes.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
See also recordings of the other conference sessions:&lt;/div&gt;
Ideas of the metropolis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
What is a city? The English experience&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cities and peripheries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Imagining low life before the East End's invention, c. 1780s to 1840s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multicultural London: Past, present and future. A history and policy discussion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>371-378</text>
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                <text>Michelle Guillon</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Malgré une forte réduction des entrées depuis le début de la crise, la population étrangère continue à se transformer. Plus fortement encore que pendant la période de prospérité, les flux qui se maintiennent, se polarisent vers l'Ile-de-France. En 1990, 38% des étrangers de France habitent la région, seule à compter une proportion d'immigrés supérieure à celle de 1975.</text>
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                <text>Immigration areas: areas of arrival or areas of settlement? the case of Belleville. 

Immigrant community structures have been mainly associated with the early phase of immigrant settlement. According to this model, such structures disappear in the course of the «acculturation» process. In this article, we argue that these structures exist during a different phase in immigrant settlement and that they are a response to needs that extend beyond the phase of pure «adaptation» to the host society. We attempt to support this argument through the analysis of residential stability of foreign immigrants, used as an indicator of a settling process. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="381706">
                <text>Guillon Michelle. Immigration : le renforcement de la polarisation parisienne, 1975-1990. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1993-2. La population française dans son espace - The French population within its own space. pp. 371-378.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1993_num_11_2_1597</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1993.1597</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="381711">
                <text>Ile-de-France ; Migratory flows. ; Foreigners</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="381712">
                <text>Etrangers ; Flux migratoires. ; Ile-de-France</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="381713">
                <text>Immigration : le renforcement de la polarisation parisienne, 1975-1990</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="385319">
                <text>103-115</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="385320">
                <text>Frederick Douzet</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="385322">
                <text>La question du logement permet d'éclairer de nombreux aspects des redistributions spatiales qui s'opèrent dans la Baie de San Francisco sous la pression d'une forte immigration asiatique et hispanique. À Oakland, la politique de logement du maire Jerry Brown vise à redynamiser une ville économiquement sinistrée en attirant des populations blanches et aisées dans le centre-ville, profitant de l'envolée des prix dans la région de la Baie. Les premières améliorations visibles de l'économie restent toutefois dues au contexte global de croissance, mais aussi peut être à la personnalité, voire l'appartenance à la « race » blanche de Jerry Brown. Le succès à long terme de cette politique est moins évident et risque d'avoir des conséquences importantes pour la population, poussant les plus pauvres hors de la ville et contribuant à la dilution, déjà largement amorcée, de l'électorat noir.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="385323">
                <text>Immigration and Urban Geopolitics: Housing Policy and Minorities in Oakland, CA.

The housing issue is an interesting window into the multiple spatial redistributions operating under the intense pressure of Asian and Hispanic immigration in the San Francisco Bay Area. In Oakland, mayor Jerry Brown's housing policy intends to revitalize an economically depressed city by attracting wealthy white populations into the city center thanks to skyrocketing housing prices in the Bay Area. The first signs of economic recovering in Oakland are certainly due to the global context of economic growth but probably also to Jerry Brown's personality if not to the fact he is white. The long term success of his policy is less certain and is likely to have tremendous consequences for the population like pushing the poor out of the city and participating to the already started dilution of Black electoral power.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="385324">
                <text>Douzet Frederick. Immigration et géopolitique urbaine : la question du logement à Oakland, Californie. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2003-1. Diversité des populations d'Amérique du Nord. pp. 103-115.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="385325">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2003_num_21_1_2067</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="385326">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2003.2067</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="385328">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="385329">
                <text>California ; Housing ; Minorities ; Geopolitics ; Immigration ; Oakland</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="385330">
                <text>Oakland ; Californie ; Logement ; Minorités ; Géopolitique ; Immigration</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="385331">
                <text>Immigration et géopolitique urbaine : la question du logement à Oakland, Californie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644298">
                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644300">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="567112">
                <text>Lord, Sébastien</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="567113">
                <text>Gerber, Philippe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="567114">
                <text>2009-02-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="567115">
                <text>Pour des petits États comme le Luxembourg, croissance économique et stabilité démographique reposent sur l’immigration. Cet apport de populations est cependant marqué par une migration fortement contrastée : hautement qualifiée et moins qualifiée. De manière pratique, les migrants doivent intégrer le marché du logement. Dans ce contexte d’intégration, le marché immobilier luxembourgeois est caractérisé par des prix élevés à la fois pour l'achat ou la location d'un logement. La propriété d'une maison familiale se révèle par ailleurs être un « modèle résidentiel dominant ». Alors, quelle est la position des migrants par rapport aux Nationaux sur le marché du logement ? Est-ce que l'intégration résidentielle est possible et souhaitée par les migrants selon leur qualification et leur origine ? Pour étudier ces questions, deux approches sont utilisées : 1) des indices de ségrégation résidentielle ; 2) des portraits descriptifs de la mobilité résidentielle des ménages. Les données analysées proviennent de l’enquête longitudinale du panel européen des ménages résidant au Luxembourg (PSELL2, 1994-2002) ainsi que des recensements nationaux luxembourgeois (STATEC, 1991, 2001). Les résultats montrent que l'accès à la propriété est plus facile pour les étrangers hautement qualifiés ainsi que pour les Luxembourgeois, que ceux-ci soient plus ou moins qualifiés. Les ménages moins qualifiés, en particulier les étrangers, rencontrent plus de difficultés d’intégration. Toutefois, les programmes de support en logement leur facilitent l’accès, tout en les dirigeant vers le modèle résidentiel dominant. La mobilité observée dans le système résidentiel, ainsi que sur le territoire, suggère différentes aspirations et stratégies d’intégration entre les catégories de migrants. Si ces trajectoires résidentielles mènent vers l’intégration, elles suggèrent également une ségrégation résidentielle douce et dictée par le haut de l’échelle socio-économique. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="567116">
                <text>For small states like Luxembourg, the stability and economic growth depend on migration. This contribution of new populations is, however, a strongly contrasted migration : highly qualified and less qualified workers. In a pragmatic perspective, migrants need to integrate the housing market. In this context of integration, the housing market in Luxembourg is characterized by high prices for either the purchase or the rental of a dwelling. The property of a single-family house is also being a “dominant residential model”. So what is the positioning of migrants compared to the nationals in the Luxembourg housing market ? Is the residential integration is possible and desired by migrants according to their qualification level and their country of origin ? To study these questions, two approaches are used : 1) residential segregation indices, 2) descriptive portraits of households’ residential mobility. The data analyzed come from the longitudinal European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for Luxembourg (PSELL2, 1994-2002) and the Luxembourg national census (STATEC, 1991, 2001). The results show that house ownership access is easier for highly qualified foreigners as well as the Nationals independently of their qualification level. This being said, less qualified households, especially foreigners, are facing more difficulties for integration. The government housing support programs facilitate access for less qualified households to the housing market. However, the same housing programs conduct them to the “dominant residential model”. The observed mobility in the housing market, as well as on the territory, suggests different aspirations and strategies of integration for specific migrant categories. If these residential trajectories lead to integration, they also suggest slow residential segregation dynamics which are connected to the top of the socio-economic scale. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index3591.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="567118">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="567119">
                <text>housing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="567120">
                <text>immigration</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="567121">
                <text>integration</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="567122">
                <text>Luxembourg</text>
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                <text>residential mobility</text>
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                <text>segregation</text>
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                <text>immigration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="567126">
                <text>intégration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="567127">
                <text>logement</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="567128">
                <text>Luxembourg</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="567129">
                <text>mobilité résidentielle</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="567130">
                <text>Immigration et intégration : trajectoires résidentielles (inter)nationales et dynamiques ségrégatives locales au Luxembourg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Métropoles</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644281">
                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="554682">
                <text>Pécoud, Antoine</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="554683">
                <text>2012-12-12</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="554684">
                <text>La création d’entreprises au sein des populations d’origine immigrée est un processus socio-économique important, qui contribue à façonner leur incorporation dans les sociétés occidentales. Cet article analyse la manière dont ce type d’entreprenariat a été abordé par les sciences sociales, et en particulier le rôle qui a été attribué à la notion d’ethnicité pour comprendre l’émergence de ce qui est souvent qualifié d’économie ‘ethnique’. Sur la base d’une étude des activités entrepreneuriales au sein de la population d’origine turque à Berlin, il démontre que l’ethnicité est définie de manière souvent confuse et qu’elle ne saurait caractériser toutes les formes d’entreprises tenues par des immigrés. Trois facteurs sont identifiés, qui sont négligés dans l’approche de l’entreprenariat en termes d’ethnicité : la porosité des frontières entre groupes ; la diversité au sein des économies immigrées ; et le cadre légal et politique dans lequel ces activités économiques se développent.  </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="554685">
                <text>Business creation among immigrant minorities is an important socio-economic process that contributes to shape their incorporation in receiving societies. This article analyses the way this type of entrepreneurship has been addressed by social sciences, and in particular the role that has been attributed to the notion of ethnicity in understanding the development of what is often called ‘ethnic business’. On the basis of an analysis of Turkish entrepreneurship in Berlin, the article argues that ethnicity is defined in often contradictory manners and that it does not apply to all patterns of immigrant businesses. Three factors are identified, which are neglected in the ethnic approach to entrepreneurship: the porosity of group boundaries; the diversity within immigrant economies; and the legal and political context in which these economic activities take place.   </text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/4560</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="554688">
                <text>entrepreneurship</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="554689">
                <text>immigrant economy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="554690">
                <text>key words: ethnicity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="554691">
                <text>économie immigrée</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="554692">
                <text>entreprenariat</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>ethnicité</text>
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