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  La documentation issue des enquêtes sur une ligne Paris-Meaux témoigne d'un 
moment charnière pour l'aménagement ferroviaire de la France et de la région 
parisienne. Les lignes nationales étant envisagées comme passant «par les 
plateaux», quatre entrepreneurs rivaux proposent la desserte de la vallée de la 
Marne par une ligne d'intérêt local. Deux projets opposent les approches d'ingé-nieurs publics et privés. Deux autres proposent une ligne sur une berge du canal 
de l'Ourcq, soulevant des questions techniques: comment franchir en sécurité les 
courbes de petit rayon? Le système de C. Arnoux sera adopté pour la ligne de 
Sceaux. Mais il est opposé ici par la compagnie Hainguerlot exploitante du canal, 
qui avait aussi refusé le projet de la ville de Paris d'opérer un «train de vidanges» 
jusqu'à Bondy. Le projet soutenu par Hainguerlot semble sur le point d'être 
adopté, mais les projets gouvernementaux évoluent: la relation Paris-Meaux est 
finalement incluse dans la ligne Paris-Strasbourg, construite après tout en suivant 
les vallées fluviales.
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 14, 3, 2005-09-01, pp.99-122</text>
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                <text>Expertise et aménagement en Région parisienne au XIXe siècle </text>
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                <text>Cette communication entend interroger le rapport entre mobilité et terrain en géographie, à partir de l'expérience d'une recherche doctorale menée sur les migrations de transit au Sahara central. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La réflexion sur les « pratiques de terrain » et la manière dont elles influent sur les régimes de scientificité des connaissances produites, conduit le plus fréquemment le chercheur à un retour réflexif sur sa propre subjectivité dans les moments formalisés de production de données, tels que les situations d'entretien et la relation entre enquêteur et enquêtés. L'intérêt d'objectiver et de rendre accessible ces aspects de la pratique du terrain est indéniable, mais, généralement, ces tentatives d'objectivation traitent-elles des mécanismes de production et d'interprétations des données les plus importants ou seulement les plus visibles et qui posent question avec le plus d'évidence ? Nous souhaitons ici envisager la mobilité en tant que dimension spatiale de la pratique du terrain, en tant qu'ouverture d'un terrain autre qui modifie la nature des perceptions et des relations sociales qui s'y nouent, et qui, finalement, influe sur la production de données empiriques dans le cadre des études migratoires. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comment théoriser et comment pratiquer le terrain d'une recherche qui porte sur un objet caractérisé par la mobilité, notamment celle des acteurs à travers un espace très vaste ? Dans quelle mesure faut-il partager avec les acteurs l'expérience du mouvement pour en saisir les implications ? Il s'agit de considérer la mobilité de l'observateur, d'un point de vue théorique et méthodologique, selon deux aspects : la mobilité sur le terrain et la « mobilité » comme terrain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La mobilité sur le terrain, c'est-à-dire la circulation entre des sites distincts, fut longtemps considérée, à la suite de Malinovski, comme étant une marque de « superficialité » s'opposant à l'ancrage « en profondeur » dans un terrain caractérisé par son unité de lieu, et impliquant la sédentarité. Cette vision de la pratique du terrain est aujourd'hui progressivement remise en cause, notamment par la théorie de l'ethnographie multi-située développée par George Marcus ou par l'anthropologie du mouvement proposée par Alain Tarrius : circuler sur le terrain devient un moyen de « contextualiser » différemment chaque lieu d'enquête, chaque phénomène observé, et de mieux contrôler la production de l'objet de recherche. Dans le même temps, il est possible d'envisager la « mobilité » (la circulation, le voyage) en tant que terrain, c'est-à-dire en tant que situation privilégiée d'enquête et d'observation. En partant de l'hypothèse selon laquelle le mouvement modifie la perception des individus (M. Merleau-Ponty, 1945, Phénoménologie de la perception), et donc que la migration en tant que déplacement modifie la perception qu'ont les migrants des personnes et des espaces qu'ils approchent, qu'ils côtoient, qu'ils rencontrent, et modifie également les discours produits (J. Clifford, 1997, Routes. Travel and Translation in the late twentieth century), alors il devient intéressant voire nécessaire de se mettre soi-même en mouvement afin d'étudier les flux de l'intérieur, et d'être à même de saisir la nature des constructions sociales éphémères et instables que la mobilité engendre. Une pratique de la mobilité donne alors accès à une autre dimension du terrain, en même temps qu'elle transforme la perception même que l'on en a.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ce cas spécifique d'étude des migrations et des enjeux d'une mise en mouvement du chercheur sur le terrain, c'est-à-dire de la mobilité comme dimension signifiante de « l'être au terrain », invite à considérer l'ensemble des pratiques - et des conditions - matérielles du chercheur sur le terrain comme facteur constitutif de ce terrain, agissant sur le rapport à soi et à l'autre qui s'y instaure.</text>
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                <text>A travers l'espace de la méthode : les dimensions du terrain en géographie</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>géographie</text>
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                <text>mobilité</text>
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                <text>Géographie du mouvement, géographie en mouvement. La mobilité comme dimension du terrain dans l'étude des migrations</text>
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                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
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                <text>Graafland, A. Promotor</text>
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                <text>Bracken, Gregory</text>
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                <text>This work is an investigation into Shanghai’s role in the twenty-first century as it attempts to rejoin the global city network. It also examines the effects this move is having on the city, its people, and its public spaces. Shanghai’s intention to turn itself into the New York of Asia is not succeeding, in fact the city might be better trying to become the Chicago of Asia instead. As one of Saskia Sassen’s ‘global cities’ Shanghai functions as part of a network that requires face-to-face contact, but it has also been able to benefit from links that were forged during the colonial era (1842 to c.1949). In fact, the new global elites who have made cities like Shanghai their home have ended up living much like former ones; with the result that their needs are pushing out the very people who used to call this city ‘home’. These are the people who inhabit what Manuel Castells calls the ‘Fourth World’ (what this research refers to as the ‘analogue archipelago’).

Manuel Castells’s notion of the ‘network society’ also shows how recent developments in globalisation have resulted in qualitative social and economic changes because they operate in real time. Globalisation, however, does not necessarily mean Westernisation. In fact, there is a strong neo-Confucian ethos underpinning China’s recent resurgence, which in turn has important ramifications for how Chinese people perceive public space. Shanghai’s new public space is curiously dead – and while Asians tend to blur distinctions between public and private more than we do in the West (which can render these spaces harder to read for Westerners) – the fault lies more with the fact that some of Shanghai’s new public spaces are simply ‘left-over’ spaces, particularly in front of the newer skyscrapers. This space has been designed for movement, not for use, and it contrasts starkly with the traditional alleyway houses of the colonial-era city where communal activity, graduated privacy, and organised complexity made for a rich and dynamic street life.

Part II of this thesis deals with colonialism, noting how Shanghai has benefitted from its justly famous colonial history in its attempts to rejoin the global city network. Colonialism is carefully differentiated from imperialism, although it is noted that both were premised on industrial innovations, particularly Britain’s, in the nineteenth century. Part II also examines Hong Kong’s and Singapore’s role in the global city network, the better to understand Shanghai; and a useful comparison has been made between Shanghai’s alleyway houses and the Singapore shophouse with regard to public space and the possibilities for rehabilitation and reuse.

Part III is perhaps the most important section of this thesis, particularly its use of Michel Foucault’s theories of space and power relations and how these are inscribed in a built environment. This Part also highlights the use that has been made of Foucault’s work by other academics, notably Edward W. Said in Orientalism. Said saw some good things as having resulted from Western hegemony over that part of the world he defines as the Orient but generally tends to regard imperialistic influence as debilitating and dangerous. Use has also been made of some critics of Said’s work, notably Robert Irwin and Ibn Warraq, who maintain that Said overvalued the role of the intellectual, and, more dangerously, misunderstood the Foucauldian notion of discourse, which is what led him to make some of his most damaging statements about European racism against the Orient. By way of contrast, David Grahame Shane’s application of the Foucauldian notion of the heterotopia – to Hong Kong’s Kowloon Walled City – is an apposite and accurate use of one of Foucault’s theories.

Part IV examines China’s rich and ancient culture, noting as it does so that cultures are constructed, and, more importantly, asking how they are constructed. Manuel Castells sees the construction of identities as using materials from history, geography, biology, productive and reproductive institutions, as well as from collective memory and personal fantasies, and even from power apparatuses and religious revelation; this thesis’s examination of the Chinese mentalité is an important exercise in helping to comprehend what is happening in Shanghai today.

Cities are not about buildings and streets; cities are about people, and their networks of interaction. Any study of a city must take account of the warm life of its inhabitants and not allow itself to be blinded by the cold geometries of stone. This examination of what has gone wrong with Shanghai’s new public spaces was greatly aided by an understanding of the Chinese language itself, which in turn led to the conclusion that the Western term ‘public’ might be better transliterated into Chinese as chang (which means ‘open-air’) rather than the more usual gong (or ‘public’), especially when describing Shanghai’s new public space.</text>
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                <text>TU Delft</text>
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                <text>globalisation, global city, networks, public space, Foucault Michel, network society, colonialism, urban culture, inhabitants, post-socialist city, metropolis</text>
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                <text>Thinking Shanghai : A Foucauldian interrogation of the postsocialist metropolis</text>
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                <text>Connelly, Steve. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Orrskog, Lars. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Bradley, Karin</text>
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                <text>European cities are becoming increasingly multicultural and diverse in terms of lifestyles and socioeconomic conditions. However, in planning for sustainable urban development, implications of this increased diversity and possibly conflicting perspectives are seldom considered.

The aim of this thesis is to explore dimensions of justice and politics in sustainable urban development by studying inclusionary/exclusionary effects of discursive power of official strategies for eco-friendly living on the one hand and everyday lifestyles on the other, in ethnically and socially diverse areas.

Two case studies have been conducted, one in a city district of Stockholm, Sweden, and one in an area of Sheffield, England. The empirical material consists of interviews with residents, interviews with planners and officials and an analysis of strategic planning documents. The case study in Stockholm illustrated the prevalence of a dominant discourse among residents in which Swedishness is connected with environmental responsibility in the form of tidiness, recycling and familiarity with nature. In Sheffield there are more competing and parallel environmental discourses. The mainstream British environmental discourse and sustainability strategies are being criticised from Muslim as well as green radical perspectives. The mainstream discourse is criticised for being tokenistic in its focus on gardening, tidiness, recycling and eco-consumption, and hence ignoring deeper unsustainable societal structures. This can be interpreted as a postpolitical condition, in which there is a consensus around “what needs to be done,” such as more recycling, but in which difficult societal problems and conflicting perspectives on these are not highlighted.

In the thesis it is argued that the strategies for urban sustainability are underpinned by Swedish/British middle-class norms, entailing processes of (self-)disciplining and normalisation of the Other into well-behaving citizens. It is argued that an appreciation of the multiple and others’ ways of saving natural resources would make the sustainability strategies more attuned to social and cultural diversity as well as more environmentally progressive. Finally, the importance of asserting the political in sustainability strategies is stressed, highlighting the organisation of society and possible alternative socioenvironmental futures.</text>
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                <text>http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10130</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/890</text>
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                <text>Stockholm University</text>
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                <text>eco-friendly living, sustainable urban development, diversity, justice, postpolitics, discourse, normalisation, discipline, othering</text>
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                <text>Just environments : Politicising sustainable urban development</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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                <text>Nicolle, Christophe</text>
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                <text>Criaud, Hélène</text>
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                <text>En Syrie du Sud la remarquable conservation des vestiges et leur bonne lisibilité en surface ont permis de localiser et de relever des agglomérations, parfois sur d'importantes superficies. Les fouilles et prospections ont permis le relevé d'une cinquantaine de plans de sites datés entre le 4e et le 2e millénaire. Cette région est en effet un véritable conservatoire, sans doute unique au monde, de structures architecturales protohistoriques.&lt;br /&gt;Cet article se limite à une description générale des formes d'habitat domestique et de l'organisation des agglomérations, et n'aborde donc pas les questions des aménagements des paysages autour des sites (principalement les ouvrages hydrauliques), des édifices monumentaux et des techniques de fortification. Ces régions étaient occupées principalement par des populations pastorales mobiles qui ont bien souvent construit des agglomérations fixes qui représentent les points d'appui logistique (réserves, assemblées, etc..) de leur circuit de déplacement cyclique.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00380489</text>
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                <text>HAURAN V&lt;br /&gt;Déterminismes géographiques et communautés humaines en Syrie du Sud&lt;br /&gt;du néolithique à l'antiquité tardive.&lt;br /&gt;Recherches récentes</text>
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                <text>âge du Bronze</text>
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                <text>Maisons et agglomérations à l'âge du bronze en Syrie du Sud</text>
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                <text>6</text>
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                <text>Bramoullé, David</text>
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			L'histoire des relations des Fatimides avec leurs villes portuaires est placée sous le 
sceau de l'ambiguïté. De fondation souvent très anciennes, ces cités étaient à la 
recherche de leur glorieux passé que seules les flottes militaires fatimides purent 
leur rendre en sécurisant les routes maritimes et en permettant l'émergence 
de puissantes bourgeoisies urbaines. En contrepartie les Fatimides disposaient 
d'autant de sources de rentrées fiscales et de bases militaires essentielles. Pourtant, 
jamais l'entente entre le pouvoir central et les villes côtières ne fut vraiment 
cordiale et les diverses villes maritimes constituèrent souvent durant les deux 
siècles de présence fatimide des foyers d'agitation autonomiste. Cela obligea le 
pouvoir central du Caire à mettre en place un système de gestion loin de l'image 
de dynastie centralisatrice que les Fatimides ont pu laisser par ailleurs.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_019_0093</text>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="447424">
                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 19, 2, 2007-06-01, pp.93-116</text>
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                <text>Les villes maritimes fatimides en Méditerranée orientale (969-1171)</text>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>6</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423256">
                <text>Brandão Penzim, Adriana Maria </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423257">
                <text> de Araújo, Wânia Maria</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423258">
                <text>2004</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>
  
  Cet article analyse trois groupes de sans-logis à partir d'études faites à Belo Horizonte (Brésil), en adoptant la méthode anthropologique de terrain. Face à la contrainte du manque d'habitation, des stratégies différenciées sont adoptées : certains s'emparent de l'espace public et y improvisent leurs habitations ; d'autres déambulent dans les rues et s'installent sur les trottoirs, sous des auvents, en y faisant leur gîte ; d'autres enfin s'organisent, envahissent un terrain et adoptent l'espace public comme lieu de lutte pour l'habitation. Au-delà des stratégies différenciées pour résoudre le problème du manque d'habitation, chaque groupe a ses propres modes et styles de vie : il s'approprie les espaces publics de la ville, s'y installe et en parle de façon spécifique.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_116_0063</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423262">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423263">
                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 116-117, 1, 2004-03-01, pp.63-78</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423264">
                <text>sans-logis</text>
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                <text> habitation</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> espaces publics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="423267">
                <text> manières et styles de vie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423268">
                <text> Brésil</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>homeless</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="423270">
                <text> housing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="423271">
                <text> public space</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="423272">
                <text> lifestyle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="423273">
                <text> Brazil</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="423274">
                <text>Formes d'habiter et styles de vie.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="11714" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Berdier, Chantal. Directeur de thèse </text>
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                <text> Zimmermann, Monique. Directeur de thèse </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192055">
                <text>Bras, Anie</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2010</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La gestion des déchets ménagers figure parmi les préoccupations les plus complexes auxquelles doivent répondre les gestionnaires urbains, en particulier dans les villes des pays en développement. A Port-au-Prince, capitale de la République d'Haïti, l'historique de la gestion des déchets ménagers met en lumière un décalage entre l'objectif du service (rendre et maintenir la ville propre) et les réalités du terrain. La question relative aux causes explicatives possibles à ce hiatus, constitue l'ossature de ce travail de thèse, dont l'objectif général consiste à cerner la problématique du service de propreté dans la ville de Port-au-Prince.     La démarche méthodologique élaborée, dans le cadre de cette recherche, est axée sur deux campagnes d'observation directe et indirecte des pratiques des ménages vis-à-vis de leurs déchets et du fonctionnement du service, alliés à des entretiens avec les principaux gestionnaires responsables du service et des usagers. La constitution du corpus s'inscrit donc dans une dimension très large, englobant les données relatives au jeu des acteurs, à l'organisation, aux pratiques des usagers vis-à-vis de leurs déchets et le fonctionnement du service.     L'exploitation et l'analyse de ces données ont permis d'élucider le modèle de gestion des déchets jusqu'ici privilégié dans le milieu haïtien, qui est assimilable aux transferts technologique et organisationnel Nord-Sud, généralement adopté par les PED. De par son incapacité à prendre en compte les aspérités socio-économique et urbanistique propres au contexte local, ce modèle a montré ses limites, ce qui a conduit à l'émergence d'autres acteurs, comme les entreprises privées, les ONG, les comités de quartiers, les Associations socioprofessionnelles et des usagers pour pallier le déficit de service en matière de gestion des déchets ménagers à Port-au-Prince.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192058">
                <text>http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?&amp;id=bras</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/294</text>
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                <text>Fr</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192062">
                <text>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - INSA Lyon</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192063">
                <text>Université Quisqueya (Haïti)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>habitat, déchets ménagers, pratiques, services urbains, institution, gestion des déchets, Haïti, Port-au-Prince, ravines</text>
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                <text>Géographie, aménagement et urbanisme</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Eléments pour une définition de la problématique de la propreté urbaine en Haïti : le cas de Port-au-Prince</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Thèse</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Brasileiro De Freitas Dourado, Anisio</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cette thèse analyse la portée et les limites de la politique nationale des transports collectifs urbains élaborée en 1976 par l'Etat fédéral brésilien. Elle met en évidence les grandes différences dans les résultats de cette politique d'une ville à l'autre. En particulier, on y procède à la reconstitution historique du processus d'élaboration et d'application des politiques locales de transports dans les villes de Recife et de Curitiba. Cette analyse permet de montrer que ce processus est compréhensible à partir de l'analyse des relations entre les acteurs des transports et de leurs interventions propres. Ces relations sont elles-mêmes tributaires des contextes économiques, urbains, politiques et sociaux locaux.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529422</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="502485">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/52/94/22/PDF/1991TH_BRASILEIRODEFREITASDOURADO_A_NS15716.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="502487">
                <text>Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées</text>
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