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                <text>177-182</text>
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                <text>Escallier Robert. La croissance des populations urbaines en Afrique. Quelques éléments d'introduction. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-2. L'urbanisation en Afrique - Urbanization in Africa. pp. 177-182.</text>
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                <text>La croissance des populations urbaines en Afrique. Quelques éléments d'introduction</text>
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                <text>221-222</text>
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                <text>Thumerelle Pierre-Jean</text>
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                <text>1984</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1984_num_2_3_991_t1_0221_0000_2</text>
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                <text>Morrison (Peter A.) : Les mouvements de population : leurs formes et leurs fonctions dans l'urbanisation et le développement. Population movements: their forms and functions in urbanization and development</text>
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                <text>compterendu</text>
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                <text>183-198</text>
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                <text>Philippe Fargues</text>
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                <text>1988</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L'urbanisation pourra-t-elle accélérer la transition démographique en Afrique ? Cet article passe en revue les effets de la croissance urbaine sur les mouvements naturels de population. La ville abaisse la mortalité, à la fois de manière directe - par exemple grâce aux services sanitaires qu'elle concentre, aux disponibilités vivrières qu'elle régularise - et de manière indirecte, les citadins étant mieux lotis que les ruraux en déterminants individuels de la santé - revenu et éducation notamment. Au nord du Sahara, la baisse de fécondité observée en ville grâce au recul de l'âge au mariage et à l'extension des pratiques contraceptives, commence à gagner les campagnes. Au sud du Sahara, la ville exerce une action plus ambivalente : le retard du mariage et le recours à la contraception qui peuvent accompagner la scolarité prolongée, y sont par endroits contrebalancés par l'abandon de pratiques traditionnelles d'espacement des naissances. Répartissant entre ses membres la charge des enfants, la famille élargie y fait écran à la prise de conscience de certains des coûts de la croissance.</text>
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                <text>Interrelations between Urban Growth and Demographic Transition in Africa 

The relations between urban growth and demographic transition in Africa are examined. The city contributes to lower mortality both directly, i.e. through health facilities or regulation of the food distribution network, and indirectly, through better individual health determinants, i.e. income and education. The decrease of fertility observed in North African cities due to a rise in age at first marriage and to contraceptive practices now popular, is beginning to spread in rural areas. In Sub-Saharian Africa reducing effects of delayed marriage and contraception could be cancelled out by the discarding of traditionnal child-spacing practices. Furthermore, the economic solidarity of the extended family resists in cities, weakening the awareness of the major costs of population growth.</text>
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                <text>Fargues Philippe. Urbanisation et transition démographique : Quelles interrelations en Afrique ?. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-2. L'urbanisation en Afrique - Urbanization in Africa. pp. 183-198.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1988_num_6_2_1264</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1988.1264</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>Marriage ; Cities. ; Extended family ; Family structure</text>
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                <text>Villes. ; Afrique ; Transition démographique ; Mortalité ; Santé ; Fécondité ; Mariage ; Structures familiales ; Famille élargie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374427">
                <text>Urbanisation et transition démographique : Quelles interrelations en Afrique ?</text>
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                <text>11-17</text>
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                <text>Pierre-Jean Thumerelle</text>
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                <text>1985</text>
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                <text>Theoretical reflections on migrations and the spatial mobility of populations.
Only a theoretical reflection allows us to conceptualize and to survey the interrelationships, the covariations, and the retroactions in their social, temporal and spatial links. It becomes more and more necessary to formulate a theory which would convey the complexity of our field of investigation. 
The splitting of systems into sub-systems allows us to solve the problems we face when working on different geographic and demographic scales (e.g. social and temporal scales) and to establish some kind of correlation between micro and macro-scale studies, which otherwise remain incompatible. 
Demogeographers are partial to the field concerning the spatial mobility of individuals, whereas demographers do not find any satisfactory theoretical model for it. This field of study can provide us with the means to define many a system. Spatial mobility is already in itself a very complex system of moves (commuting links, intra-urban migrations, out-migrations etc.) seperately organized into no hierarchy (flux, migratory spheres), intricate sub-systems within the management system of society. The demographic components, the individual behaviours, the spatial distribution and the social structures are some of these sub-systems. The different structures and internal dynamics of each subsystem as well as their retro-active effects determine the spatial mobility of populations which creates new balances but also new tensions and pertubations. 
One should not substitute an intellectual speculation to the understanding and description of reality. The internal consistency of the system and its apparent logic should be preferred to the probing into empirical studies.</text>
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                <text>Thumerelle Pierre-Jean. Contribution à la réflexion théorique sur la mobilité spatiale des populations . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-1. Migrations et urbanisation - Migrations and cities. pp. 11-17.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374442">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1985_num_3_1_994</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1985.994</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Systems ; Mobility transition.</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Systèmes ; Transition de la mobilité.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374448">
                <text>Contribution à la réflexion théorique sur la mobilité spatiale des populations </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374474">
                <text>M. Guillon</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1983</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374477">
                <text>Globet Francine, Guillon Michelle. Les « Marabouts voyants » africains à Paris : un aspect marginal de l'immigration. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1983-2. L'immigration étrangère en Europe occidentale. pp. 141-145.</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1983.922</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Les « Marabouts voyants » africains à Paris : un aspect marginal de l'immigration</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>26-32</text>
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                <text>Nils Häggström</text>
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                <text>Lars-Erik Borgegard</text>
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                <text>1985</text>
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                <text>Les conditions de vie des ménages et l'analyse des migrations et de l'évolution de la société. 
L'intérêt porté à l'étude des mouvements migratoires s'est, durant ces dernières années, de plus en plus concentré sur les ménages (en tant qu'unités de population), leur pouvoir de décision et leur comportement. D'un point de vue méthodologique, il est difficile d'établir un rapport entre la façon d'agir de ménages particuliers et le niveau collectif. Un autre problème est d'expliquer le comportement migratoire sans le mettre en rapport avec les changements de société. 
Dans le modèle que nous étudions, nous essayons d'intégrer tous les niveaux d'analyse et toutes les façons d'aborder les différentes disciplines afin de mieux comprendre les processus qui se cachent derrière les divers courants migratoires. 
Comme point de départ, nous considérons l'évolution des besoins des ménages durant les différentes étapes de la vie. Les conditions de vie des ménages constituent l'idée centrale dans notre modèle. Les ménages sont influencés dans leur action aussi bien par une série de facteurs dus à l'environnement que par les ressources dont les ménages eux-mêmes disposent. Les ménages soupèsent les différents éléments avant de se décider pour un certain type d'action. La migration n'est cependant qu'une des solutions auxquelles un ménage a recours lorsque les conditions de vie se modifient. 
Pour comprendre le modèle migratoire que l'on peut observer, et pour pouvoir prendre des mesures adéquates dans la planification de la société, une connaissance accrue des mécanismes qui règlent le jeu d'ensemble entre les ménages et la société s'avère indispensable.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374578">
                <text>Borgegard Lars-Erik, Häggström Nils. Migration and social development in a household perspective. An attemps to develope an integrated model of migration. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-1. Migrations et urbanisation - Migrations and cities. pp. 26-32.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374579">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1985_num_3_1_996</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374580">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1985.996</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374581">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374582">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374583">
                <text>Models ; Households ; Living Conditions ; Social Relations.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374584">
                <text>Relations sociales. ; Conditions de vie ; Ménages ; Modèles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Migration and social development in a household perspective. An attemps to develope an integrated model of migration</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374586">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374601">
                <text>133-138</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374602">
                <text>S. Etchebarne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374603">
                <text>1983</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374604">
                <text>Etchebarne S. L'urne et le xénophobe. À propos des élections municipales à Roubaix en mars 1983. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1983-2. L'immigration étrangère en Europe occidentale. pp. 133-138.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374605">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1983_num_1_2_920</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374606">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1983.920</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374607">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374608">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374609">
                <text>L'urne et le xénophobe. À propos des élections municipales à Roubaix en mars 1983</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374610">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="22094" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="33">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374638">
                <text>99-110</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374639">
                <text>Guy Burgel</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374640">
                <text>1986</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374641">
                <text>L'effacement progressif de l'État depuis la renaissance de la Grèce contemporaine au XIXe siècle a entraîné à Athènes le développement très efficace de procédures privées de substitution pour la production de logements : rénovation dans les quartiers centraux, habitat illégal, mais non bidonvillisé, à la périphérie. L'espace résidentiel apparaît comme le résultat de la superposition de trois trames : les grands clivages socio-économiques, la recomposition sociale et spatiale de la centralité, le maintien d'une vie de quartier active. Ces processus sont eux-mêmes inséparables de l'ambiguïté de la capitale grecque : métropole occidentale, elle peut, dans sa société comme dans son économie, révéler des réponses nouvelles à la crise actuelle.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374642">
                <text>Residential space in Athens: a city without State involvement. 

The gradual decline of the role of the State since the revival of contemporary Greece during the 19th century has lead to the development of effective private substitution procedures in housing production in Athens: renewal of the inner city areas, illegal but unsquatterized settlements in the periphery. 
Residential space appears as the outcome of three processes: the socio-economic disparities, the social and spatial reinforcement of the central area, the existence of lively neighbourhoods within the city. These processes must be considered with respect to the ambiguous character of the Greek capital city itself: as a western city, it can give both social and economic responses to the present crisis.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374643">
                <text>Burgel Guy. L'espace résidentiel athénien : les orphelins de l'État. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-1. Logement et différenciations sociales dans les villes européennes - Housing and social differentiation in european cities. pp. 99-110.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374644">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1986_num_4_1_1088</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374645">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1986.1088</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374646">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374647">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374648">
                <text>Athens ; absence of State intervention ; urban renewal ; pheripheral extension ; segregation ; urban life.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374649">
                <text>ségrégation. ; extensions périphériques ; rénovation urbaine ; absence d'intervention de l'Etat ; Athènes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374650">
                <text>L'espace résidentiel athénien : les orphelins de l'État</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374651">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="22104" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="33">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374772">
                <text>86-92</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374773">
                <text>Ayse Gedik</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374774">
                <text>1985</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374775">
                <text>Exode rural et migrations inter-urbaines en Turquie, métropoles et villes moyennes 
Cette étude, réalisée en Turquie sur les données du recensement de 1970, analyse les différents flux de migration vers les centres urbains, et cherche à déterminer lequel a le plus d'effet sur le bilan migratoire. Les résultats montrent que pour les trois métropoles d'Istanbul, Ankara et Izmir, qui ont le bilan migratoire le plus favorable, la part de l'exode rural n'est pas très élevée, mais que le solde des migrations inter-urbaines est largement positif. Le contexte turc est différent de celui des pays en voie de développement qui ne possèdent pas de villes moyennes.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374776">
                <text>Gedik Ayse. Rural to urban versus urban to urban migration in Turkey. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-1. Migrations et urbanisation - Migrations and cities. pp. 86-92.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Metropolises ; Rural-Urban Shift ; Urban to Urban Migration ; Medium- Size Cities ; Turkey.</text>
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                <text>Exode rural ; Turquie ; Villes moyennes ; Métropoles ; Migrations inter-urbaines</text>
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                <text>Rural to urban versus urban to urban migration in Turkey</text>
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                <text>283-291</text>
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                <text>Nicole Commerçon</text>
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                <text>L'étude des changements socio-spatiaux survenus en ville moyenne depuis la guerre est effectuée à partir de trois villes d'un même espace régional: Chalon-sur-Sâone, Mâcon, Bourg-en-Bresse. Passées brutalement d'un long immobilisme à une turbulence démographique sans précédent, ces villes sont devenues de véritables «passoires» par le jeu du double courant migratoire. Celui-ci agit comme un filtre par lequel se remodèlent les sociétés urbaines. Le lien entre mobilité spatiale et mutations sociales aussi bien dans le domaine individuel que dans le champ urbain global, a été établi par une méthode expérimentale vérifiant les hypothèses pré-établies.</text>
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                <text>Socio-spatial changes in middle-sized town. 

The study of socio-spatial changes occured in middle-sized towns since the war, is applied to three towns of one regional space : Chalon-sur-Saône, Mâcon, Bourg- en-Bresse. Having abruptly passed from a long static situation to demographic turbulence never seen before, these towns have became like « strainers » through the action of the double flow of migration. The flow works like a filter which reshapes urban societies. In order to define links between spatial mobility and social changes on the individual level as well as in the general field, we have set up an experimental method leading to verify the main hypothesis. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374790">
                <text>Commerçon Nicole. Les changements socio-spatiaux en ville moyenne. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-2. Visages de la population de la France - Faces of french population. pp. 283-291.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1986_num_4_2_1138</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374793">
                <text>fre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374794">
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          <element elementId="49">
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              <elementText elementTextId="374795">
                <text>spatial mobility ; Middle-sized town ; social change.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374796">
                <text>mobilité spatiale ; Ville moyenne ; mutation sociale.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Les changements socio-spatiaux en ville moyenne</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>11-12</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374919">
                <text>M. Poulain</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Poulain Michel. Éditorial. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1984-3. La mortalité adulte dans les pays industrialisés. pp. 11-12.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1984_num_2_3_975</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374923">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Éditorial</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>61-66</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374928">
                <text>Henri Nicolaï</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374929">
                <text>1983</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374930">
                <text>Demographic transition and mobility of the population in Tropical Africa.
The questions of population play an important part in the process of development of the Third World. With the example of Tropical Africa and two themes, Henri Nicolai points out the complexity of the problems. Tropical Africa is engaged in a process of accelerated demographic growth: Why is this growth accepted and even desired? Can one properly ask whether the demographic transition theory is applicable to Tropical Africa? There, the mobility of the population is considerable and traditional. The author underscores the plurality of the types of migration and their importance in the process of demographic decompression by insisting on three types: rural exodus and urban immigration, pioneer migrations, and «rural-rural» migration in coastal regions.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374931">
                <text>Les questions de population jouent un rôle important dans le processus de développement du Tiers-Monde. À partir de l'exemple de l'Afrique tropicale et de deux thèmes, Henri Nicolai souligne la complexité des problèmes. L'Afrique tropicale est engagée dans un processus de croissance démographique accélérée : pourquoi cette croissance est-elle acceptée et même souhaitée ? Peut-on légitimement se demander si la théorie de transition démographique est applicable à l'Afrique tropicale ? La mobilité de la population y est considérable et traditionnelle. L'auteur souligne la pluralité des types de migrations et leur importance dans les processus de décompression démographique en insistant sur trois types : exode rural et immigration urbaine, migrations pionnières, migrations « rural-rural » des régions côtières.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374932">
                <text>Nicolaï Henri. Transition démographique et mobilité de la population en Afrique tropicale. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1983-1. Objectifs et champs d'étude. pp. 61-66.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374933">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1983_num_1_1_904</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374934">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1983.904</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374935">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374936">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374937">
                <text>growth model ; migrations ; Tropical Africa ; Demographic transition</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374938">
                <text>Afrique tropicale ; transition démographique ; modèle de croissance ; migrations</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374939">
                <text>Transition démographique et mobilité de la population en Afrique tropicale</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374940">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374941">
                <text>343-356</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374942">
                <text>Benjamin Kostrubiec</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="374943">
                <text>1987</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374944">
                <text>Les pays de l'Europe de l'Est se réclament du même système politique, économique et social. Les analogies visibles de leurs régimes démographiques, la composition des nations et leur voisinage facilitent leur étude comparative. Chacun de ces pays a ses facteurs de diversification, liées à son histoire, sa culture, ses richesses et à son héritage démographique. Néanmoins l'évolution des structures démographiques permet de dégager de multiples similitudes.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374945">
                <text>A general view on populations' ageing in the Eastern states community. 

Eastern European countries appeal to the same political system. Obvious analogies of their demographic behaviours composition of nations and proximity make easy a com- parative study. Every country has its own factors of diversity, in relation with history, culture, wealth and demographic past. Nevertheless, the evolution of demographic structures shows many similarities.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374946">
                <text>Kostrubiec Benjamin. Aperçu général du vieillissement des populations de la communauté des pays de l'Est. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1987-2. Personnes âgées et vieillissement - Elderly people and ageing. pp. 343-356.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374947">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1987_num_5_2_1207</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="374948">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1987.1207</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374949">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374950">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="374951">
                <text>Aperçu général du vieillissement des populations de la communauté des pays de l'Est</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>277-283</text>
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                <text>François Stankiewicz</text>
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                <text>1985</text>
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                <text>Le réexamen des théories néo-classiques et keynésienne a, pour l'essentiel, débouché sur des analyses du chômage en termes de « Job Search » ou de « Chômage Classique et Keynésien ». Mais dans l'un et l'autre cas, la capacité de ces analyses à rendre compte de la croissance et de la persistance du chômage dans l'ensemble des nations développées apparaît médiocre. Les tentatives de synthèse de ces analyses ne tiennent pas compte de ce que, du point de vue macro-économique, le salaire est en même temps coût et revenu. L'interprétation en termes d'accumulation intensive est à bien des égards inquiétante en ce qu'elle laisse penser que même la sortie de crise pourrait ne pas s'accompagner d'une vague de créations d'emplois. Si le chômage est ainsi appelé à durer, le schéma de rationnement de l'emploi prend une grande importance. Dans sa configuration actuelle, la « société duale » est fortement tributaire des flux de l'économie officielle et non pas des ressources de l'économie informelle (travail noir, productions domestiques,...) comme on l'affirme souvent.</text>
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                <text>Unemployment growth and progress in economic theory. 
Progress in neo-classic and keynesian theory has led to unemployment analysis as «Job Search» or «Classic and Keynesian unemployment». But the ability of those analyses to understand unemployment growth and continuance in the whole developed world is moderate. Attempts to synthesise classic and keynesian unemployment in an unique process do not take into consideration that, from a macro-economic point of view, wages are both a cost and an income. Explaining unemployment as a result of a process of intensive accumulation leads to very disturbing conclusions: even the end of the crisis will not lead to founding more jobs. So, if unemployment will persist, job rationing scheme matters a good deal. As now, «dual society» is mainly dependant upon official economy and not upon black or informal economy, as often quoted.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375011">
                <text>Stankiewicz François. Croissance du chômage et développement des théories économiques. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-2. Chômage, non-emploi, sous-emploi. pp. 277-283.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1985_num_3_2_1041</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1985.1041</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375014">
                <text>fre</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375015">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375016">
                <text>black economy. ; unemployment ; Economic theory</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375017">
                <text>chômage ; Théorie économique ; économie informelle.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375018">
                <text>Croissance du chômage et développement des théories économiques</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>article</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375020">
                <text>437-446</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375021">
                <text>Jeanine Cohen</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1988</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Changes in employment in the Paris region 

In the Paris Region (Ile-de-France), firms of a certain size (more than 10 workers) provide most of the employments. A lot of these firms are dealing with Upper- stream services for industries, Automobile or High technologies. They set in Ile-de- France their directional jobs, more skilled than anywhere else in France, and especially in the surrounding "ZPIU" (industrial and urban zones). They also give its shape to the inner metropolitan spatial organization. </text>
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                <text>Très présentes en Ile-de-France, appartenant surtout à un petit nombre de branches (activités périproductives d'amont, automobile, industries de pointe), les entreprises y localisent de préférence leurs emplois de direction, plus qualifiés qu'en province et notamment que dans les ZPIU (zones de peuplement industriel et urbain) circumpa- risiennes. Leur organisation de l'espace s'applique aussi à l'intérieur de la métropole parisienne.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375025">
                <text>Cohen Jeanine. Mutations de l'emploi en région parisienne. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-3. La population face à l'emploi - Population and work opportunities. pp. 437-446.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1988_num_6_3_1290</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375028">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375029">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375030">
                <text>Firms spatial strategies. ; Paris (Region) ; Employment (mutations) ; Productive system ; Qualification ; Function</text>
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                <text>Paris (région) ; Emploi (mutations) ; Système productif ; Qualification ; Fonction ; Stratégies spatiales des entreprises.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mutations de l'emploi en région parisienne</text>
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                <text>article</text>
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