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                <text>Leipzig</text>
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                <text>Rebotier, Julien</text>
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                <text>Metropolitan governance concerns rise in Latin America following a period of decentralization, promotion of democracy in most countries of the region, and promotion of local powers from the 1970. I will use governance as an analytical category, and not a normative one, depending on the way it is implemented. As for me, it corresponds to the process of decision-making, and the implementation and assessment of action in a context of emerging “voices”, emerging actors in the local stage. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the same time, risk concerns have been emerging from the late 1970 and are now faced at a local scale. Using a broad definition, risk is a combination between hazards and vulnerability. I assume it is embedded within the socio-spatial system. Risks are consistent with urbanization and metropolization processes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- In my first part, I will put forward 4 main links between urbanization and construction of risks I could figure out in my PhD work in Caracas. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Second, going ahead with such a co-construction, I will wonder about the importance of urban management regarding the social and spatial distribution of conditions of risks. Following the case of Recife, I will address the dilemma global city Vs sustainable city.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Third, urban governance is challenging the way urban societies are facing risks. It is challenging the copping capacity – institutionally; but also the construction of risks, it means the way risk conditions are distributed socially and spatially. Finally, I will develop the political and democratic challenges of urban governance regarding risk issues by putting forward its connections with environmental justice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So away from any normative definition, and in addition with conditions of vulnerability, risk governance must address social justice and democratic concerns regarding urban environment and its management. As for me, such aspects of social construction of risks are under-estimated. My current research is trying to give a framework to these issues regarding urban risk assessment, through what I am calling “territorialization of risks”.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00418156</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/41/81/56/PDF/Social_Construction_of_Urban_Risks_and_Metropolitan_Governance_in_LA_Cities.pdf</text>
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                <text>Megacities: Risk, Vulnerability and Sustainable development</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Risks</text>
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                <text>From the specificity of urban risks to the challenges of urban governance in Latin-American cities</text>
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                <text>Bretagnolle, Anne</text>
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                <text>Pumain, Denise</text>
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                <text>The question of complexity and its increasing application to social sciences is challenging the modelling of spatial systems. New concepts and new methods have been proposed and invite to reformulate classical modelling frames. This approach is demanding to open a better informed dialogue between the disciplines which supply models and tools and those where the existing knowledge is reformulated inside this new frame. Actually, creating an « artificial geography » is not straightforward. It is rather easy to translate urban theories within the paradigm of complex systems, but their modelling, for instance by using multi-agents systems, still raises many conceptual and practical difficulties. We underline here some problems in defining significant urban entities and exploring the evolution of their spatial relationships over time. We briefly present which options have been selected for developing the SIMPOP2 model which is conceived for simulating the evolution of systems of cities over long periods of time.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/15/67/78/PDF/cybergeofinal.pdf</text>
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                <text>CyberGeo: European Journal of Geography</text>
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                <text>complexity</text>
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                <text>multi-agents systems</text>
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                <text>From theory to modelling : urban systems as complex systems</text>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>From urban social polarization to civic secession?</text>
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                <text>, gated communities, fragmentation sociale, inégalité résidentielle, sciences politiques, ségrégation résidentielle, ségrégation sociale, Walks Alan, Canada, néolibéralisme</text>
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5 March 2010

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Alan Walks</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Alan Walks &lt;/b&gt;is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and Planning at the University of Toronto&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Mexico</text>
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                <text>Monnet, Jérôme</text>
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                <text>This essay proposes a approach to the city as Identifiable Socio-Spatial Object (ISSO). I postulate that the city can be considered an object because it possesses its own materialness, an exteriority in relation to the human observer. It is a social object because the city, above all, is a society, that is, an organized human group that has its own collective consciousness. I propose to center the dialogue between geography and archeology on the two final terms of the "ISSO" formula; as these disciplines take on the social urban object by intermediation of its "spatial identity", that is, in space and thanks to the space.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00007110</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/16/70/PDF/02urbameso-monnet-eng.pdf</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/16/70/PDF/02urbameso-monnet-esp.pdf</text>
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                <text>El urbanismo en Mesoamerica / Urbanism in Mesoramerica</text>
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                <text>El urbanismo en Mesoamerica / Urbanism in Mesoramerica</text>
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                <text>El urbanismo en Mesoamerica / Urbanism in Mesoramerica</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory</text>
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                <text>From Urbanism To Urbanity: A Dialogue Between Geography And Archaeology About The City.</text>
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&#13;
Lionel Engrand est architecte et historien, enseignant à l'ENSA Paris-Belleville et chercheur associé au laboratoire Architecture, Culture, Société (XIXe XXIe siècles) de l'ENSA Paris-Malaquais. Il publie dans des revues à caractère scientifique, des revues d'architecture et des catalogues d'exposition, notamment sur l'articulation des discours et des pratiques dans le champ de l'habitat. Il a coécrit avec Soline Nivet, "Architectures 80, une chronique métropolitaine", catalogue de l'exposition éponyme réalisée en 2011 au Pavillon de l'Arsenal. &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>, identité, histoire urbaine, espace urbain, ségrégation urbaine, ségrégation sociale, fragmentation urbaine, mixité sociale, mutation urbaine, frontier, frontière, Europe, Klusáková Lud'a, Teulières Laure</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;From the preface :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Frontiers and Identities: Cities in Regions and Nations, edited by Professors Lu&amp;#271;a Klus&amp;aacute;kov&amp;aacute; and Laure Teuli&amp;egrave;res, is the third volume published by the Thematic Work Group 5 of the pan-European Network of Excellence for interdisciplinary historical research, CLIOHRES.net. The Work Group deals with &amp;ldquo;Frontiers and Identities&amp;rdquo;. The present volume is particularly concerned with exploring approaches to the relationship between cities as places of creation, perception and representation of identities and political and territorial organisms, both within the city and outside of it. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In this volume the Work Group has decided to focus on cities as optimal entr&amp;eacute;es for understanding how people give meanings to the physical places where they live and work. At the same time, by emphasizing the links between individuals&amp;rsquo; subjective experiences and their broader allegiances or belongings (political, ethnic, linguistic, religious, gender and so forth), the authors draw the city as a mirror that reflects the wider spaces and changing organisations that lie outside: hence the &amp;ldquo;regions&amp;rdquo; and the &amp;ldquo;nations&amp;rdquo; of the title.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Preface - Ann Katherine Isaacs, Gu&amp;eth;mundur Halfdanarson&lt;br /&gt; Introduction - Lu&amp;#271;a Klus&amp;aacute;kov&amp;aacute;, Laure Teuli&amp;egrave;res&lt;br /&gt; Reading the City. Urban History and Urban Studies &amp;ndash; Some Methodological Thoughts - Dobrochna Kalwa&lt;br /&gt; Public Space &amp;ndash; Private Places within the City - Barbara Klich-Kluczewska&lt;br /&gt; The moral territory. Sexual frontiers and identities in urban / rural historiography - Laurent Gaissad&lt;br /&gt; The Boundaries of Medieval Misogyny: Gendered urban space in medieval Durham - William Aird&lt;br /&gt; Reconstruction of Urban Territories in Late Medieval Brussels on the Grounds of Imagined Frontiers and Responsible Institutions - Bram Vannieuwenhuyzen&lt;br /&gt; The Evolution of urban oligarchies in Irish towns, 1350 - 1534 - Kieran Hoare&lt;br /&gt; Territories of fortifications in Paris: Fragmentation and hierarchisation of Parisian spaces (1800') - Fr&amp;eacute;deric Moret&lt;br /&gt; Coexistence of diversity: Social, ethnic and religious frontiers and identities in Hungarian towns in the early modern period - Blanka Szeghyov&amp;aacute;&lt;br /&gt; Experience of Multicultural Neigbourhood: Ottoman society reflected in rabbinic litterature of the 16th &amp;ndash; 17th centuries - Mark&amp;eacute;ta Rube&amp;scaron;ov&amp;aacute;&lt;br /&gt; Ethnical and Professional &amp;bdquo;Frontiers&amp;rdquo; in the Cities in Transylvania (16th &amp;ndash; 18th Centuries) - Florin Pintescu&lt;br /&gt; From Christians into Ethnic Members: Creating Borders within the City of Thessaloniki (1800-1912) - Iakovos Michailidis&lt;br /&gt; Ethnic, social and mental frontiers in interwar Latvian society &amp;ndash; Reflection of Baltic Germans in their autobiographies - Ute Hofmann&lt;br /&gt; Ubi bene ibi patria: reading the city of Kiev through the Polish and Czech &amp;ldquo;spatial stories&amp;rdquo; of the First World War period - Olena Betlij&lt;br /&gt; Krak&amp;oacute;w or Krakau? Reactions of the Polish citizens of the city to the transformations of the urban space enforced by the Nazi occupying forces (1939 &amp;ndash; 1945) - Anna Czocher&lt;br /&gt; Between the farmland and the factory. Peasants within the city space in the communistic Poland - Ewellina Szpak&lt;br /&gt; Creating (Not Only) Local Identity: Historical Monographs of Bohemian, Moravian, and Galician Towns, 1860-1900 - Jaroslav Ira&lt;br /&gt; Sites of Memory: Bratislava in Modern Travel Literature - Jozef Tancer&lt;br /&gt; Marking the City: Place-making and the Aesthetics of Urban Spaces - Ruth Wallach&lt;br /&gt; On the border between urban and rural culture: Public usage of historical and cultural heritage in building collective identity (1990-2007) - Lu&amp;#271;a Klus&amp;aacute;kov&amp;aacute;&lt;br /&gt; Lesson of urban and regional scales of frontiers and identities - Lu&amp;#271;a Klus&amp;aacute;kov&amp;aacute;, Laure Teuli&amp;egrave;res&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Laure Teuli&amp;egrave;res &lt;/b&gt;is a Doctor of history and works in the laboratoire Diasporas at the University of Toulouse-Le Mirail&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Lu&amp;#271;a Klus&amp;aacute;kov&amp;aacute; &lt;/b&gt;is a Professor in the Faculty of Arts at Charles University in Prague.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>L'objectif de cette communication est de présenter une nouvelle méthode permettant la production d'images à haute résolution spatiale, réunissant les qualités de la haute résolution spatiale et de la haute résolution spectrale des satellites d'observation de la Terre et plus particulièrement du capteur HRV de SPOT pour la cartographie urbaine. Les techniques de cartographie urbaine s'appuient sur des algorithmes de classification, dirigée ou non. La haute résolution spatiale ayant, pour cette application, un intérêt prépondérant, des méthodes permettant d'améliorer la résolution spatiale des images multibandes XS ont été développées. Une analyse de ces méthodes a montré qu'elles ne respectaient pas le contenu spectral original des images. La méthode ARSIS (amélioration de la résolution spectrale par injection de structures) a été développée pour fournir des images multibandes à haute résolution spatiale (dans ce cas 10 m). Elle permet la préservation de l'information originale de ces images et, par conséquent, d'améliorer l'efficacité des classificateurs. Elle s'appuie sur la transformée en ondelettes et l'analyse multirésolution, qui sont brièvement présentées. Une démonstration de cette méthode est présentée. Une évaluation quantitative a montré que la méthode ARSIS fournit de meilleurs résultats que les autres méthodes en termes de préservation de la qualité spectrale des images. Des classifications réalisées sur les données originales et sur les images résultant de la fusion sont comparées.</text>
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                <text>Actes des 6èmes journées scientifiques du Réseau Télédétection de l'AUPELF-UREF : “ Télédétection des milieux urbains et périurbains ”</text>
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                <text>Le football n'est pas seulement la passion nationale du Brésil, il peut être aussi un bon indicateur des hiérarchies urbaines du pays. Les classements disponibles sur le site de la fédération brésilienne de futebol peuvent être mis en rapport avec d'autres données pour vérifier la corrélation entre les performances sportives des clubs et le degré de centralité des villes où ils sont basés.</text>
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23-26 September 2007

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The year 2007 marks a shift to an urban era, an era in which more than half of the world&amp;rsquo;s population lives in cities. This fact is making many headlines. But what are its implications? How will this impact the futures of cities? Over a century ago, the Danish journalist and photographer Jacob A. Riis gave us How the Other Half Lives, shedding light on the plight oftenement dwellers &amp;mdash; people who had moved to the city in search of a better life. Today, we again need to address how this urban half lives. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How are we to plan, build, budget, negotiate, develop, promote, govern, service, use, embrace and secure a myriad of different sustainable urban futures? We now call upon policy-makers, practitioners and researchers from the public, private and academic sectors to share their predictions and proposals for the futures of cities! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As our urban numbers increase, so do the questions: What are the impacts? On the cityscape, on the countryside, on the built environment,on where we work, where you live, and where Peter plays? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What are the indicators? Recent findings, current trends! Hard facts, future figures! What is the measure of urban quality, of adequate housing? What are current construction rates? What are theforecasts for 2030?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What implementations are being made? What is being done to tackle rising urbanization? What policies, plans, and programs are being enacted? Who is doing it, and how are things getting done?&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Session topics : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Planning for climate change&lt;/div&gt;
Space and demographic changes&lt;/div&gt;
Housing and welfare&lt;/div&gt;
Public realm and mobility&lt;/div&gt;
Planning for healthy cities&lt;/div&gt;
Building green cities&lt;/div&gt;
Welfare policies in a global perspective&lt;/div&gt;
Why large scale projects?&lt;/div&gt;
Housing and planning between state and market&lt;/div&gt;
Urban liveability&lt;/div&gt;
Art in cities and planning&lt;/div&gt;
The art of creative city making&lt;/div&gt;
Dutch dilemma : Expanding housing in a shrinking world&lt;/div&gt;
Impacts, indicators, implementations in a Danish context&lt;/div&gt;
Sustainable futures for megacities&lt;/div&gt;
Construction of urban identity&lt;/div&gt;
Affordable housing&lt;/div&gt;
Challenges for large-scale housing estates&lt;/div&gt;
Nature in the city&lt;/div&gt;
Shrinking cities&lt;/div&gt;
Urban land policy&lt;/div&gt;
Multifunctional intensive land use&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp; As recently as the 1880s, most American cities had no effective means of collecting and removing the mountains of garbage, refuse, and manure-over a thousand tons a day in New York City alone-that clogged streets and overwhelmed the senses of residents. In his landmark study, Garbage in the Cities, Martin Melosi offered the first history of efforts begun in the Progressive Era to clean up this mess. Since it was first published, Garbage in the Cities has remained one of the best historical treatments of the subject. This thoroughly revised and updated edition includes two new chapters that expand the discussion of developments since World War I. It also offers a discussion of the reception of the first edition, and an examination of the ways solid waste management has become more federally regulated in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Melosi traces the rise of sanitation engineering, accurately describes the scope and changing nature of the refuse problem in U.S. cities, reveals the sometimes hidden connections between industrialization and pollution, and discusses the social agendas behind many early cleanliness programs. Absolutely essential reading for historians, policy analysts, and sociologists, Garbage in the Cities offers a vibrant and insightful analysis of this fascinating topic. &amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Contents:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp; Preface Introduction 1. Out of sight, out of mind: The refuse problem in the late nineteenth century 2. The "apostle of cleanliness" and the origins of refuse management 3. Refuse as an engineering problem: Municipal reform 4. Refuse as an aesthetic problem: Voluntary citizens' organizations and sanitation 5. Street-cleaning practices in the early twentieth century 6. Collection and disposal practices in the early twentieth century 7. Solid waste as pollution in twentieth-century America 8. The garbage crisis in the late twentieth century Conclusion &amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Martin V. Melosi &lt;/strong&gt;is Distinguished University Professor of History at the University of Houston.</text>
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                <text>L' importance de l'analyse des différentes expériences de la situation de rue selon qu'il s'agisse des garçons ou des filles dans les villes d'Amérique latine semble sous estimée. Cependant, une analyse des manières dont les rapports sociaux de sexe interviennent dans les expériences des gamins et des gamines « en situation de rue » peut constituer un apport à la compréhension des causes du phénomène, aux comportements et aux alternatives ouvertes aux jeunes pour la quitter. Ce travail porte une réflexion sur les motifs de considération du sujet en rapport avec d'autres déterminants de l'expérience. Le deuxième point décrit et analyse les façons dont les rapports sociaux de sexe se combinent de manières différentes avec les rapports entre les générations comme avec les situations de pauvreté des enfants et des familles. L'imbrication des différents rapports sociaux de pouvoir génère des expériences divergentes dans les espaces sociaux des foyers et de la rue. Il est démontré comment cette articulation agit comme contrainte des façons de quitter le foyer, en analysant la division des espaces sociaux et la division sociale, sexuelle et générationnelle du travail dont les filles et les garçons participent. Sont décrites les manières différents de vivre « la situation de rue » selon le sexe, à partir de l'analyse du développement des shèmes pratiques particuliers et des possibilités d'insertion dans la sociabilité et dans les activités de survie dans la rue. Le dernier point souligne l'influence des représentations de genre comprises dans les différentes réponses sociales, formelles et informelles, reçues par les enfants, selon leur condition de sexe.</text>
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Ebenezer Howard

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1902

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S. Sonnenschien &amp;amp; Co. (1902)
Republished 2008 by Forgotten Books

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137</text>
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&amp;nbsp;
Among the many 'utopian' proposals of the 19th century, this particular short text stands out. Howard was a 19th century British reformer and city planner. He was influenced by Bellamy's Looking Backwards. He saw new, planned towns as a necessary counterbalance to the squalid, Dickensian 19th century London. These towns would balance urban and rural occupations, and include a whole range of amenities which we have come to take for granted: libraries, museums, schools, wide avenues, and a mix of commercial and residential zones. Howard strove to keep a balance between the community and individual needs, and to operate within the framework of Capitalism, rather than rejecting or attempting to replace it.

This book was originally published in 1898 as To-morrow, and reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of To-morrow. The first Garden City, built under the aegis of Howard, Letchworth, was founded in 1903 (Howard was one of the first residents). Later he founded a second Garden City, Welwyn, 1919. Both, now London suburbs, are still very much in existence and proved successful over time, with its residents, in particular, in better health than the general population. Howard's proposal had a great influence on urban planning in the 20th century, particularly post-WWII. The American urban planning critic, Lewis Mumford, was one of Howard's proponents. In the history of planned societies, Ebenezer Howard stands out as one of the successes, even though he is little-known other than to architects and urban planners.
&amp;nbsp;
Ebenezer Howard (1850 - 1928) was a prominent British urban planner.
&amp;nbsp;
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Ebenezer Howard</text>
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1902 (seconde &amp;eacute;dition)
&amp;eacute;dition originale en 1898

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Sonnenschein &amp;amp; Co

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                <text>Tomorrow, a Peaceful Path to Real Reform est publi&amp;eacute; par Ebenezer Howard en 1898, ann&amp;eacute;e o&amp;ugrave; il fonde la Garden City and Town-planning Association.
&amp;nbsp;
Cet ouvrage d&amp;eacute;crit son projet de cit&amp;eacute;-jardin qu'il fondera d'abord &amp;agrave; Letchworth au d&amp;eacute;but du vingti&amp;egrave;me si&amp;egrave;cle.
&amp;nbsp;
La version de cet ouvrage mise en ligne par Forgotten Books en texte int&amp;eacute;gral est celle de la seconde &amp;eacute;dition de 1902.
&amp;nbsp;
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  Si la professionnalisation des gardiens d'immeubles du logement social vise en priorité à faire oublier la figure « avilissante » de la concierge parisienne d'antan, il reste que ces « agents de terrain » sont encore confrontés à ce passé, étroitement associé à leur métier. À partir des travaux d'Erving Goffman sur la stigmatisation (lesquels invitent à mettre en évidence les stratégies des acteurs en vue de réagir au discrédit qui les guette), l'article insiste sur les parades, tant discursives que pratiques, trouvées par les gardiens, en vue d'échapper aux clichés les assimilant à des concierges. Il s'agit alors de rendre compte, à partir d'entretiens et d'observations participantes, des multiples formes concrètes que prend cette mise à distance d'un passé lourd à porter.
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