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                <text>Longtemps délaissés par les acteurs de la ville, les fronts d'eau des métropoles sud-méditerranéennes sont récemment entrées dans l'ère des « mégaprojets », selon leur désignation médiatique locale. Ce type d'action urbanistique, inscrite dans un régime d'exception par rapport à la fabrique plus ordinaire de la ville, invite les chercheurs à emprunter les chemins d'une analyse pragmatique, qui fait la part belle à l'observation des modes de faire mis en oeuvre par des acteurs en situation, et qui vise à documenter un certain nombre d'épreuves à travers lesquelles la démarche d'action se concrétise ou non. Cette irruption des fronts d'eau, orchestrée par les hautes autorités, pilotée par des sociétés d'aménagement « dédiées » et financée par de nouvelles « holdings » publiques et privées, venues pour l'essentiel des pays du Golfe, traduit un certain nombre de mutations contemporaines de la fabrique de la ville : privatisation, internationalisation et financiarisation croissante de l'aménagement.</text>
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                <text>Cet article propose une analyse du GPV « Nouveau Malakoff » en faisant d'abord apparaître le jeu d'acteurs qui l'organise : création d'une mission GPV à la communauté urbaine, nouvelle répartition du patrimoine entre bailleurs, et un système de concessions d'aménagement à une SEM. Il évoque également la montée progressive de la préoccupation du développement durable, d'abord à travers l'éco-réhabilitation de trois tours, puis par la construction d'une approche environnementale sur la partie ZAC Pré Gauchet, enfin par la mise en protection et valorisation du site de la Petite Amazonie, première zone naturelle urbaine en France à être inscrite dans un périmètre Natura 2000.</text>
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                <text>Nantes : le « Nouveau Malakoff » à l'école du développement durable</text>
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                <text>Longtemps délaissés par les acteurs de la ville, les fronts d'eau des métropoles sud-méditerranéennes sont récemment entrées dans l'ère des « mégaprojets », selon leur désignation médiatique locale. Ce type d'action urbanistique, inscrite dans un régime d'exception par rapport à la fabrique plus ordinaire de la ville, invite les chercheurs à emprunter les chemins d'une analyse pragmatique, qui fait la part belle à l'observation des modes de faire mis en œuvre par des acteurs en situation, et qui vise à documenter un certain nombre d'épreuves à travers lesquelles la démarche d'action se concrétise ou non. Cette irruption des fronts d'eau, orchestrée par les hautes autorités, pilotée par des sociétés d'aménagement « dédiées » et financée par de nouvelles « holdings » publiques et privées, venues pour l'essentiel des pays du Golfe, traduit un certain nombre de mutations contemporaines de la fabrique de la ville : privatisation, internationalisation et financiarisation croissante de l'aménagement.</text>
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                <text>Faire du « grand projet » au Maghreb.</text>
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                <text>La croissance des investissements interarabes, notamment en provenance d'Arabie Saoudite et des Emirats Arabes Unis se traduit par le développement de méga-projets urbains dans les grandes villes arabes. A travers des exemples choisis au Maroc, en Tunisie et au Liban, se fait jour une financiarisation croissante des logiques de décision dans ces projets. Ceci est lié à une reconfiguration de la sphère des experts chargés de l'étude et de la mise en œuvre des projets. L'observation est menée ici à trois échelons : la maîtrise d'ouvrage, dont les formes juridiques se recomposent au contact des métiers de la finance et de la promotion immobilière ; la maîtrise d'œuvre marquée par un fort mouvement d'internationalisation ; et la sphère de l'assistance à la maîtrise d'ouvrage, où les profils des consultants évoluent vers une part plus grande accordée aux logiques de marché. Ces transformations des métiers de l'expertise s'accompagnent de circulations transnationales accrues, même s'il convient de ne pas exagérer la généralisation de leur diffusion.</text>
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                <text>Annales de la Recherche Urbaine</text>
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                <text>Experts embarqués dans le « tournant financier ». Des grands projets urbains au sud de la Méditerranée</text>
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                <text>L’article vise à montrer l’importance que prend aujourd’hui la dimension spatiale dans l’analyse des stratégies scolaires des familles, celles concernant notamment le choix du collège. En nous appuyant sur les deux dimensions du concept de capital spatial proposé par J. Lévy (1994), le capital de position et le capital de situation, l’étude explore les pratiques socio-spatiales de scolarisation des collégiens lillois scolarisés en 2006. L’exemple lillois souligne le rôle majeur et déterminant que jouent les variables décrivant la configuration spatiale de l’offre scolaire locale. Il permet également de conclure à l’apport du concept pluridimensionnel de capital spatial : la maîtrise de la dimension spatiale de l’espace scolaire se présente en effet comme un capital à part entière, inégalement réparti entre les groupes sociaux mais produisant des inégalités qui lui sont propres. Un tel capital participe à la reconfiguration des inégalités scolaires en milieu urbain.  </text>
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                <text>This paper highlights the importance today of the spatial dimension within the analysis of parent’s education strategies concerning their school choices at the secondary school. This study is based on the two dimensions of the concept of spatial capital (J. Levy) : position capital and situation capital. It explores socio-spatial schooling practices of pupils between the ages of 11 and 15, living in Lille and attending a secondary school in 2006. The Lille example reveals the importance of taking into account the configuration of the local school provision. It also underlines the benefit of the multidimensional concept of spatial capital. In this way, control over the spatial dimension appears to be a capital in its own right, unequally distributed among social groups, which contributes to the production of schooling inequalities in urban environments. </text>
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                <text>Choix du collège et capital spatial : étude empirique appliquée aux collégiens lillois</text>
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  Si aujourd'hui « tous les lieux se valent » pour les festivals, pendant longtemps, seules les villes accueillaient ces manifestations. Parmi les villes et festivals étudiés, les soutiens politiques tiennent autant de la nécessité de diversifier des économies locales fragilisées que d'innover en termes d'offre culturelle et événementielle. Rarement initiés par les pouvoirs publics, les festivals sont systématiquement rattachés à leur action en raison de la plus value de notoriété qu'ils procurent Quelles que soient les raisons du soutien local, le résultat est celui d'un changement d'image de la ville, en relation directe avec les festivals. Bien qu'éphémère, l'événementiel fait parfois oublier d'autres registres plus pérennes de la ville.
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                <text>Géocarrefour, , 3, 2007-07-01, pp.111-121</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In 1988 cities and townships received $39.1 billion, or 25.9% of their total general revenues in the form of intergovernmental aid from the federal and state governments... Despite the importance of these programs their effects are often unclear. Many questions are not well understood. In particular: What effect does aid have on city expenditures and taxes? Are different categories of city expenditures affected differently by grants? What are the different impacts of different types of aid programs? And do the effects of aid vary systematically according to city political structure or city size and location?</text>
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                <text>http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1277903979</text>
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                <text>political economy, intergovernmental grants, grants, aid, local government, city budget</text>
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                <text>The political economy of intergovernmental grants to cities</text>
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                <text>Basilico, Sandrine</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La définition du patrimoine évolue et change au cours du temps. Chaque génération redéfinit les limites qui caractérisent l'objet patrimonial vivant et évolutif. Le patrimoine s'est toujours et en permanence ouvert et élargi à la réalité sociale, économique et culturelle contemporaine. On parle de patrimoines architecturaux, archéologiques, ruraux, religieux, maritimes, industriels, urbains, scientifiques, linguistiques... Dans tous ces contextes il s'est toujours agi de transmettre d'une génération à une autre un patrimoine qui est valorisé à chaque étape.</text>
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                <text>http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic_00490004</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507763">
                <text>http://archivesic.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/49/00/04/PDF/article_Vienne1.pdf</text>
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                <text>Des cultures et des Hommes. Clefs anthropologiques pour la mondialisation</text>
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                <text>[SHS:INFO:ECON] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences/Economy, cultural industry</text>
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                <text>Patrimoine</text>
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                <text>mondialisation</text>
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                <text>définition</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Redéfinir le Patrimoine culturel à l'heure de la globalisation</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
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                <text>Florence</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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                <text>Basly, Ludovic</text>
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                <text>Cauneau, François</text>
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                <text>Ranchin, Thierry</text>
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                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
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                <text>This study investigates the potentialities of ERS SAR imagery for the urban micro-climate and air quality, over the city of Nantes, France. The temporal variability of the SAR signal over the city has been assessed by analyzing five images in descending mode. Beside the speckle effect, the quality of the signal is highly variable from one image to the other. Meteorological effects. make contrasts between objects and their surroundings to be more or less pronounced. Urban features are mostly present in each image, but the structures are not always well perceived within a single image. It is concluded that it is necessary to have several images. Their redundancy allows a better exploitation of the urban features. Further it decreases the level of speckle. Screening of the average SAR image clearly indicates that the perception of the roads is highly dependent on the flight direction of the spacecraft. The main factors for the perception of the morphological features are the height of the buildings, its orientation relative to the spacecraft orbit, its horizontal surface, its materials. Multiresolution analysis, by means of wavelet transform or structure function, provides a good discrimination between unbuilt areas, residential areas, industrial areas, and large groups of buildings. This preliminary study has demonstrated that urban morphological features and their typologies with relation to the air flow drag were well-perceived in SAR imagery once properly processed. Further studies are required to assess definitely the benefits and the limits of such images in urban micro-climate and air quality.</text>
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                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00461856</text>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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                <text>Proceedings of 3rd ERS Symposium on Space at the Service of our Environment</text>
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                <text>3rd ERS Symposium on Space at the Service of our Environment</text>
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                <text>[SDU:STU:ME] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences/Meteorology</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
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                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
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                <text>roughness</text>
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                <text>Second International Symposium on TeleGeoProcessing</text>
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                <text>This paper deals with the major factors influencing the detection of urban fabrics in ERS-SAR images. Data, in SLC and PRI format, were acquired over the city of Nantes (West of France). The analysis of the data was performed in conjunction with aerial photographs, maps, meteorological data, as well as a field survey. The way urban fabrics and its environment, the data processing techniques, and the weather conditions affect the radar signal was examined and discussed. It was found that large effects originate from the geometry of urban features, as well as their orientation relative to the spacecraft orbit. This investigation adds evidence of the fact that the specular scattering prevails over the diffuse scattering in urban area. Practical conclusions concerning the capabilities and the limitations of ERS-SAR imagery are drawn.</text>
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                <text>Proceedings, EARSeL Symposium 1999 “remote sensing in the 21st Century: economic and environmental applications”</text>
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                <text>EARSeL Symposium 1999 “remote sensing in the 21st Century: economic and environmental applications”</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>SAR imagery in urban area</text>
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                <text>This study focuses on the assessment of the potentialities of the Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery to study urban micro-climate and air quality. In urban area, air quality is quite dependent on the air flow drag which is influenced by the aerodynamic roughness parameters of the ground. These parameters are linked to the urban structural features and their typologies. They characterise the evolution of the vertical wind profile with the altitude. To extract structural features, the structure function (also called variogram) is processed on ERS images of the city of Nantes (France). A classification according to the structure function is done that leads to a mapping of the aerodynamic roughness by allotting a roughness parameter to each class.</text>
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                <text>Proceedings of the 18th EARSeL Symposium on Operational Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development</text>
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                <text>18th EARSeL Symposium on Operational Remote Sensing for Sustainable Development</text>
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                <text>mapping</text>
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                <text>aerodynamic roughness length</text>
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                <text>SAR imagery for urban air quality</text>
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                <text>Bastid-Bruguière, Marianne</text>
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                <text>Témoignage écrit du sinologue Marcel Granet sur un événement de la fin de l'empire en Chine (début du 20e siècle).</text>
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                <text>Les interactions contrôle/apprentissage organisationnel dans le cas d'une municipalité</text>
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                <text>La question de l’insertion sur le marché du travail urbain des migrants ruraux est aujourd’hui devenue essentielle en Chine. Dans un contexte de réformes économiques, les politiques migratoires en Chine continentale se sont redéfinies, intensifiant ainsi fortement les migrations internes. Depuis les années 1980, cet exode est pour l’essentiel celui des « paysans-ouvriers » (min gong), qui sont ainsi devenus un élément majeur de la transition de la Chine vers une économie de marché. Cet article étudie l’insertion de ces migrants ruraux sur le marché du travail de la province du Guangdong à partir d’une base de données originales, issues d’une enquête sur les paysans-ouvriers, réalisée en 2006. À partir de modèles de durée, nous portons une attention particulière aux caractéristiques individuelles, temporelles (évolution de la mobilité dans l’emploi au cours du temps) et spatiales (rôle du lieu d’origine). Nos résultats montrent que les migrants forment un groupe hétérogène du point de vue de leurs caractéristiques individuelles et de leur employabilité dans le delta de la rivière des Perles. Les femmes, les jeunes et les peu qualifiés sont avantagés. La proximité géographique est également favorable. Nous examinons enfin les déterminants du salaire urbain des paysans-ouvriers qui s’insèrent sur un marché du travail de plus en plus segmenté et fragmenté. </text>
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                <text>The topic of integration of rural migrants into the urban job market has become essential in China. Within the context of economic reforms, migration policies in mainland China have been redefined, with a strong intensification of internal migrations. Since the 1980’s, this movement is mostly represented by flows of peasant-workers (min gong), who have become a major element of China’s transition towards a market economy. This paper examines the insertion of rural migrants into the job market of Guangdong province, using an original database stemming from a 2006 survey of peasant-workers. From duration models, we give a particular attention to individual, temporal (evolution of job mobility with time) and spatial (role of the place of out-migration) characteristics. Our results show that migrants are a heterogeneous group considering individual characteristics and their employability in the Pearl River delta. Women, young people and low-skilled workers have an advantage. Geographic proximity is also a positive element. Finally, we examine the determinants of urban salaries for the peasant-workers who are entering a job market that appears more and mosre segmented and fragmented.  peasant-workers, mobility, urban employment, salary, China </text>
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                <text>Chine</text>
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                <text>emploi urbain</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Migrations, emplois et discriminations : le cas des « paysans-ouvriers » de la province du Guangdong</text>
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                <text>Battesti, Vincent</text>
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                <text>Cette contribution propose de poursuivre un travail entamé ailleurs (Battesti, 2009), de s'intéresser à cette matière intangible qu'est l'ambiance sonore d'un lieu. Ce paysage sonore non seulement est une résultante des activités menées en son sein (définition passive), mais peut être également une construction collective volontaire (définition active). Au sein du Caire et de sa "gangue sonore", chaque quartier possède dans le tissu urbain de la mégapole une identité spécifique attribuée par les citadins, une ambiance. Loin de ne tenir que de l'anecdote, d'un simple arrière-plan sonore, l'ambiance est la qualité première invoquée par les citadins pour expliquer leur déambulation ici et non pas là dans la ville, justifier leur appréciation des espaces. L'ambiance, dont sa composante sonore, devient une part objectivée de la "beauté" d'un espace urbain. Que ces espaces soient structurés par le végétal (jardins publics) ou le minéral (quartiers), ce qui importe pour les usagers cairotes d'espaces publics est "l'âme" des lieux, qui ne se manifeste que par la coprésence d'autres humains, émetteurs sonores. Dans Le Caire des sorties populaires, on pique-nique sur les bancs, sur des ronds-points... les ambiances urbaines prennent, se créent au sein même et sans se soustraire et s'abstraire d'un environnement saturé de gens, d'odeurs, de pollutions urbaines... et de sons. Les promeneurs viennent apprécier l'ambiance, prendre part au spectacle que la ville engendre en se regardant, en s'écoutant elle-même. Les territoires de la ville correspondent à des paysages sonores, ils ont leur propre signature. Cette signature est analysable, décomposable (inventaire des différents bruits), mais c'est l'écoute d'ensemble qui offre sens. J'ai pu montré ailleurs la pertinence de l'objet "ambiance sonore" en anthropologie : les ambiances sonores ne sont pas le fait du hasard, elles sont des productions sociales. Je souhaite maintenant pousser l'hypothèse d'une "structure sociale sonore": les ambiances sonores (faites et reçues) s'organiseraient sur la forte structuration sociale de la société égyptienne. Le principe qui semble le mieux régir la politique populaire de la sonorité est celui de la saturation à l'instar des fêtes de mariages populaires et des mouleds où les musiques électroamplifiées (aux effets électroacoustiques évités ailleurs qu'en Égypte) emplissent volontairement les airs, sans partage. Aux moments exceptionnels de fêtes, bien entendu, répondent des moments plus quotidiens, où la saturation sonore est moindre, mais la signature toute aussi évidente à chacun. Comment qualifier ces paysages sonores, comment les analyser, que peut-on dire de leur production et des normes qui les régissent? et, si les ambiances sonores peuvent être décrits comme des décors de l'instant, quels jeux d'acteurs permettent-ils alors?</text>
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                <text>Paysages sensoriels. Anthropologie de la construction et de la perception de l'environnement sonore et olfactif</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology</text>
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                <text>ambiance</text>
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                <text>"L'ambiance est bonne" ou l'évanescent rapport aux paysages sonores au Caire. Invitation à une écoute participante et proposition d'une grille d'analyse</text>
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                <text>Ce chapitre porte sur la ou les vies urbaines et leurs cadres, dressant le portait de ce qu'est la ville en Égypte aujourd'hui, comment les urbains construisent leur ville et leur vie urbaine, habitent ces espaces de résidence et de non-résidence, vivent l'urbanité... L'Égypte est le lieu d'une très ancienne citadinité, dont aujourd'hui les principaux centres urbains (Le Caire, Alexandrie) ont le rang de mégapole et les villes moyennes connaissent de rapides croissances. Villes égyptiennes en pleine mutation physique, mais en pleine mutation également des manières de les pratiquer. L'objectif ici est moins de traiter des politiques urbaines proprement dites, des processus planifiés d'urbanisation ou des projets d'urbanisme que d'évoquer les particularités des villes égyptiennes dans la manière de se faire et d'être vécue par les habitants-mêmes, disons, pour mieux définir ces acteurs, par des citadins qui ne se contentent pas d'habiter mais de créer leur villes, bien sûr dans les dimensions sensibles (comme les " ambiances urbaines "), mais également et très concrètement dans leurs agencements. Ce chapitre a pour lignes directrices transversales les structurations sociales de la ville (en posant la question de la ségrégation), les rythmes de la ville (et ses synchronisations), la question des occupations différenciées de l'espace urbain en fonction du genre (gender), des mobilités ainsi que les pratiques pour vivre ensemble les villes égyptiennes.</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="482271">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00675747</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482272">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/67/57/47/PDF/Comment_peut-on_etre_urbain_Villes_et_vies_urbaines_V._Battesti_N._Puig_2011_-hal-00675747.pdf</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="482273">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="482274">
                <text>L'Égypte au présent, Inventaire d'une société avant révolution</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="482275">
                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="482276">
                <text>urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482277">
                <text>ville</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482278">
                <text>Égypte</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482279">
                <text>genre</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482280">
                <text>pratique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482281">
                <text>urbanité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482282">
                <text>spatialité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482283">
                <text>temporalité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482284">
                <text>citadinité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482285">
                <text>ségrégation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482286">
                <text>mobilité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482287">
                <text>ambiance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482288">
                <text>espace</text>
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                <text>Le Caire</text>
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                <text>Alexandrie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="482291">
                <text>urbanisme</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482292">
                <text>culture</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="482293">
                <text>identité</text>
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                <text>contrôle</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="482295">
                <text>Comment peut-on être urbain ? Villes et vies urbaines</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
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