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                <text>Une livraison de la Revue d’Économie Régionale et Urbaine (2013/5).&#13;
&#13;
Ce numéro spécial de la Revue d’Économie Régionale et Urbaine est consacré au 48ème colloque de l’ASRDLF qui s’est tenu à la Martinique les 6, 7 et 8 juillet 2011. Avec pour thème Migrations et Territoires, ce colloque avait pour ambition de débattre d’une réalité certes contemporaine (accélération des dynamiques de déplacements des populations avec la démocratisation des moyens de transport) mais aussi récurrente dans l’histoire. Ce sont en effet les migrations qui, au cours du temps, ont façonné, construit et détruit les territoires, qui ont aussi provoqué des conflits et des tensions entre populations, cultures, valeurs et pratiques d’acteurs d’origines différentes.&#13;
&#13;
L’attention portée aux migrations conduit à s’interroger sur les lieux et les causes de départ, sur les espaces d’arrivée et d’accueil, sur les échelles et les temporalités de ces processus d’attraction et de gravitation. Ces mouvements et ces trajectoires de populations peuvent être appréhendés dans leur réalité actuelle avec par exemple : la densité de liens entre espaces urbains et ruraux, intra-villes et intra-campagnes, les rapports entre pays développés et en développement avec notamment la place et les fonctions des diasporas, qu’elles se manifestent en termes de flux financiers, de constitution de réseaux privilégiés, de préservation, de connaissance et de reconnaissance des identités culturelles.&#13;
&#13;
Sommaire :&#13;
&#13;
Valérie Angeon, Claude Lacour, Éditorial&#13;
 &#13;
Claude Lacour, Valérie Angeon, Introduction : Les nouveaux mondes des migrations et des territoires&#13;
&#13;
Lena Sanders, Trois décennies de modélisation des systèmes de villes : sources d'inspiration, concepts, formalisations&#13;
 &#13;
Gilles Duranton, The Growth of U.S. Cities&#13;
&#13;
Manuel Garcon, Josselin Garnier, Abdennebi Omrane, On Some Endogenous Probability-Migration Models&#13;
&#13;
Fanny-Aude Bellemare, Frédéric Carluer, La dynamique migratoire : quels facteurs causaux de la fuite des cerveaux ? Une étude dans le contexte économique des territoires insulaires caribéens&#13;
 &#13;
Alain Guengant, Redistribution territoriale des perspectives de croissance des budgets locaux après la réforme de la fiscalité locale des entreprises&#13;
 &#13;
Pierre Triboulet, Maryline Filippi, Les déterminants de l'intensité des alliances capitalistiques entre groupes coopératifs agricoles</text>
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                <text>Décrypter la nouvelle réalité de Paris et explorer les rouages connus ou méconnus de cette mégapole européenne, tel est l’enjeu de Paris Babel. Un livre d’initiation, de défrichage et de synthèse qui rend compte d’une ville de douze millions d’habitants.&#13;
&#13;
Décrire la mégapole, analyser ses transformations, saisir le changement d’échelle et de vitesse des phénomènes, examiner les forces en présence nécessitent de rassembler des données. Beaucoup d’entre elles ont été mises en images. De très nombreux schémas s’emploient à restituer la ville de manière dynamique avec ses grandes évolutions et ses particularismes, afin de faciliter la compréhension des processus de fabrication ou de mutation à l’œuvre. En parallèle, diverses situations concrètes illustrent l’expérience au quotidien du Grand Paris de Vitry-sur-Seine à Saint-Denis, de Marne-la-Vallée à Belleville en passant par les grandes « machines souterraines » connectant réseaux de transports et systèmes commerciaux.&#13;
&#13;
Livre de constat mais aussi de réponses où l’auteur s’emploie à lever les préjugés. Il dénonce des modèles à bout de souffle pour avancer d’autres scénarios, options ou évolutions possibles en matière de mobilités, d’infrastructures, complexes de gares, de terrains constructibles ou de fonciers invisibles, tout comme d’habitat… car ce qui serait extraordinaire serait d’améliorer l’ordinaire.&#13;
&#13;
Partant de ces investigations ou scenarios, il reste à écrire de nouvelles légendes urbaines reflétant la complexité des défis contemporains à laquelle la mégapole est confrontée pour se refonder. L’ampleur du projet relève d’une opération babélienne, d’où un ouvrage inachevé et inachevable, partiel et partial, à la fois personnel et collectif, à l’image de son sujet.&#13;
&#13;
David Mangin, architecte urbaniste, dont le travail a été couronné par le Grand Prix de l’Urbanisme en 2008. Il est professeur à l’École d’architecture de la ville et des territoires de Marne-la-Vallée où il dirige le master Métropoles. Il enseigne également à l’École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (ENPC), et à l’université de Singapour où il est régulièrement invité. Il est membre des conseils scientifiques du PUCA, de la Fabrique de la Cité et de l’Atelier International du Grand Paris (AIGP) dont il dirige une des équipes.&#13;
Fondateur de l’agence Seura architectes urbanistes avec Florence Bougnoux et Jean Marc Fritz, ils conçoivent, conduisent et réalisent des projets urbains, des espaces publics, des infrastructures à Douai, Lille sud, Porte d’Aix/A7 à Marseille, Montaudran-Toulouse, Paris-Les Halles, Vitry sur Seine… et des logements à Rouen, Nanterre, Grande Synthe, les Lilas… Il a notamment publié Projet urbain avec Philippe Panerai, La ville franchisée, prix La Ville à lire 2005, La ville passante.</text>
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                <text>La mondialisation n'est pas l'avènement d'un espace abstrait, sans distances, sans inscriptions locales autres que précaires et résiduelles. [...] Les Etats et restent des acteurs majeurs et ne sont pas près d'être marginalisés (du moins les grands Etats structurés, qui ne représentent qu'une petite minorité des Etats du monde).&#13;
&#13;
Mais ils doivent compter désormais avec des tissages transversaux puissants : celui des firmes multinationales, qui déploient non seulement leur présence commerciale, mais leurs réseaux de conceptions-production, celui des diasporas, celui des médias, celui des organisations d'une société civile mondiale en émergence.</text>
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&amp;quot;Apr&amp;egrave;s avoir travaill&amp;eacute; sur l'histoire de la ville du Havre apr&amp;egrave;s sa reconstruction...j'ai commenc&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; cheminer vers les ant&amp;eacute;c&amp;eacute;dents du XIXe si&amp;egrave;cle pour essayer de comprendre quand, comment et gr&amp;acirc;ce &amp;agrave; quels grands personnages les consciences avaient commenc&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; s'&amp;eacute;veiller pour introduire l'hygi&amp;egrave;ne dans les villes modernes.&amp;quot; &lt;i&gt;Fabienne Chevallier&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Dans l&amp;rsquo;espace urbain, le r&amp;eacute;seau internet est souvent associ&amp;eacute; au non lieu. Cette soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; de l&amp;rsquo;information a toutes les apparences de l&amp;rsquo;immat&amp;eacute;rialit&amp;eacute; car il existe peu de marqueurs territoriaux qui soient visibles pour le quidam : quelques signes d&amp;eacute;sormais reconnaissables sur la devanture des caf&amp;eacute;s (spot wifi), des usagers toujours plus agripp&amp;eacute;s &amp;agrave; leur t&amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute;phone portable, un cybercaf&amp;eacute; ici, des antennes paraboliques l&amp;agrave;&amp;hellip; Mais, au fond, peu de choses au regard des chemin&amp;eacute;es des industries qui fument, des voitures qui circulent, des trains qui arrivent ! Ce paradoxe pose une vraie question : la ville occidentale est-elle en train de changer sous l&amp;rsquo;effet de ces technologies ? Ou bien Internet n&amp;rsquo;est-il finalement qu&amp;rsquo;un r&amp;eacute;seau de plus dans un environnement urbain ayant d&amp;eacute;j&amp;agrave; enregistr&amp;eacute; &amp;ndash; et parfois rejet&amp;eacute; pour mieux les r&amp;eacute;inventer (tramway, v&amp;eacute;lo) &amp;ndash; nombre d&amp;rsquo;innovations successives ?&lt;/div&gt;
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Dans &amp;quot;le nouveau monde industriel&amp;quot;, les flux sont multiples (information, transports, mobilit&amp;eacute;s, finances, technologies, ...) et leur vitesse est de plus en plus rapide. C'est pourquoi des auteurs affirment que nous sommes &amp;quot;immerg&amp;eacute;s&amp;quot; dans les flux et que nous vivons dans un monde &amp;quot;liquide&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
Alors que le local et global s&amp;rsquo;av&amp;egrave;rent de plus en plus intriqu&amp;eacute;s, comment penser des espaces/temps, des m&amp;eacute;tropoles, qui valorisent (entre autres) les valeurs lentes de la solidarit&amp;eacute;, de la recherche et du patrimoine ? Ce n'est d'ailleurs pas un hasard si Le Havre est fort pr&amp;eacute;sent dans les divers projets relatifs au Grand Paris. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Olivier Mongin&lt;/b&gt; est  philosophe, directeur de la revue &lt;a href="http://www.esprit.presse.fr/" target="_blank"&gt;Esprit&lt;/a&gt;, membre de la r&amp;eacute;daction d&amp;rsquo;&lt;a href="http://www.urbanisme.fr/home/index.php" target="_blank"&gt;Urbanisme&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Petites le&amp;ccedil;ons d'urbanisme&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
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Il est g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ralement admis que la ville constitue la forme d'organisation humaine la plus complexe qui puisse se trouver. Nulle autre n'atteint en effet un tel degr&amp;eacute; d'imbrications de fonctions, une telle vari&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; de forme et de taille, n'int&amp;egrave;gre une telle variance sociale, n'a un poids &amp;eacute;quivalent sur son territoire et son environnement, n'interagit de mani&amp;egrave;re aussi d&amp;eacute;terminante avec d'autres, etc.&lt;/div&gt;
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Aussi, un objet, &amp;agrave; ce point riche et multiforme, aussi mobile dans l'espace et dans le temps ne saurait, bien entendu, constituer le domaine r&amp;eacute;serv&amp;eacute; d'un seul champ disciplinaire. Il y a lieu au contraire de la soumettre &amp;agrave; l'approche crois&amp;eacute;e de l'interdisciplinarit&amp;eacute;, au sein de laquelle l'arch&amp;eacute;ologie peut et doit revendiquer toute sa place avec beaucoup d'autres. Ceci par conviction profonde et motiv&amp;eacute;e que l'arch&amp;eacute;ologie peut poser sur la ville un regard singulier et offrir des perspectives sp&amp;eacute;cifiques. Il para&amp;icirc;t acquis que les villes, par excellence lieux d'accumulation, de s&amp;eacute;dimentation, de stratification verticale et horizontale, de d&amp;eacute;molition et de reconstruction, certains parlent de palimpseste urbain, ne peuvent &amp;ecirc;tre pleinement comprises dans leur &amp;eacute;tat pr&amp;eacute;sent, lui-m&amp;ecirc;me provisoire, si l'on fait l'&amp;eacute;conomie des recherches portant sur leur gen&amp;egrave;se et leurs &amp;eacute;volutions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La cr&amp;eacute;ation contemporaine en mati&amp;egrave;re d'urbanisme doit pouvoir passer par le respect document&amp;eacute; ou la transgression consciente et raisonn&amp;eacute;e de l'h&amp;eacute;ritage urbain, des rythmes, des c&amp;eacute;sures, des vides et des pleins, du dedans et du dehors, du monumental et du vernaculaire, du public et du priv&amp;eacute;, des axes, des r&amp;eacute;seaux et des flux, autant de paradigmes de l'arch&amp;eacute;ologie urbaine, autant de descripteurs de la ville.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ce livre est con&amp;ccedil;u en deux parties : la premi&amp;egrave;re envisagera la ville singuli&amp;egrave;re comme entit&amp;eacute; socio-spatiale, identifi&amp;eacute;e par le truchement du travail des arch&amp;eacute;ologues urbains. La seconde partie consid&amp;eacute;rera la ville en r&amp;eacute;seaux et en syst&amp;egrave;mes, d'un point de vue th&amp;eacute;orique d'abord puis en illustrant par trois &amp;eacute;tudes de cas, l'id&amp;eacute;e que la ville ne se d&amp;eacute;finit pas seulement en elle-m&amp;ecirc;me par ses caract&amp;eacute;ristiques propres mais aussi, et peut-&amp;ecirc;tre surtout, dans les rapports d'interactions spatiales qu'elle entretient avec d'autres villes et avec le territoire. Ce livre est tir&amp;eacute; d'un m&amp;eacute;moire d'Habilitation &amp;agrave; diriger les recherches soutenu en 2009.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pierre Garmy&lt;/b&gt; est conservateur du patrimoine.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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MSHA

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Comment parler de la ville d&amp;egrave;s lors que l&amp;rsquo;on choisi de la traiter en tant qu&amp;rsquo;objet pr&amp;eacute;sent, isol&amp;eacute; de toute nomination, de connotation historique et culturelle ? Tel est le propos qui a conduit &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;laboration de m&amp;eacute;thodologies originales et &amp;agrave; la pr&amp;eacute;sentation de nouvelles images intellectuelles du code urbain.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
S&amp;rsquo;appliquant au cas bordelais, les outils d&amp;rsquo;investigation permettent de pr&amp;eacute;senter deux grands ensembles de donn&amp;eacute;es, venant certes en compl&amp;eacute;ment mais r&amp;eacute;pondant &amp;agrave; deux consid&amp;eacute;rations, la ville en tant que continuit&amp;eacute; spatiale dans un site d&amp;rsquo;une part, la ville structur&amp;eacute;e par le r&amp;eacute;seau hi&amp;eacute;rarchis&amp;eacute; d&amp;rsquo;une voirie qui forme l&amp;rsquo;espace tout en s&amp;rsquo;inscrivant strictement dans la nappe urbaine. &lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ainsi, une image originale de l&amp;rsquo;espace urbain va na&amp;icirc;tre combinant un expos&amp;eacute; dense sur les modalit&amp;eacute;s de l&amp;rsquo;agglom&amp;eacute;ration spatiale structur&amp;eacute;e par une mission organis&amp;eacute;e d&amp;rsquo;un r&amp;eacute;seau de voiries imaginant et maintenant la solidit&amp;eacute; de la ville.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sommaire :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ouverture &amp;ndash; La cr&amp;eacute;ation d'une ville sans histoire(s), par Jean Dumas&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Premi&amp;egrave;re partie &amp;ndash; La ville ajust&amp;eacute;e, par Agn&amp;egrave;s Berland-Berthon et Michel Favory&lt;br /&gt;
Introduction, par Jean Dumas&lt;br /&gt;
Chapitre 1 &amp;ndash; La narration descriptive et la forme spatiale urbaine&lt;br /&gt;
Chapitre 2 &amp;ndash; La ville comme archive totale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Deuxi&amp;egrave;me partie &amp;ndash; Vers un langage de la mat&amp;eacute;rialit&amp;eacute; urbaine : la le&amp;ccedil;on bordelaise, par Claire Parin&lt;br /&gt;
Introduction, par Jean Dumas&lt;br /&gt;
Objectifs et hypoth&amp;egrave;ses&lt;br /&gt;
Chapitre 1 &amp;ndash; Les apports de l'analyse urbaine&lt;br /&gt;
Chapitre 2 &amp;ndash; Regard sur le mode de d&amp;eacute;cryptage de l'espace bordelais : de l'exp&amp;eacute;rimentation &amp;agrave; la m&amp;eacute;thode&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pour conclure en &amp;eacute;largissant, par Jean Dumas&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Presses de SciencesPo

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ingouvernables ? Les tr&amp;egrave;s grandes m&amp;eacute;tropoles, de 5 &amp;agrave; 20 millions d'habitants, se multiplient ; la majorit&amp;eacute; d'entre elles se situent dans les pays &amp;eacute;mergents, accroissant les d&amp;eacute;fis : peut-on en effet gouverner de vastes ensembles complexes et divis&amp;eacute;s par des in&amp;eacute;galit&amp;eacute;s ? La recherche a souvent r&amp;eacute;pondu par la n&amp;eacute;gative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cet ouvrage d&amp;eacute;veloppe une approche de la ville mat&amp;eacute;rielle et de ses institutions. La prise en compte des r&amp;eacute;seaux urbains et des institutions qui permettent de les piloter montre que, sans &amp;eacute;laborer de grande th&amp;eacute;orie, les responsables urbains ont invent&amp;eacute; les m&amp;eacute;canismes d&amp;rsquo;un gouvernement ordinaire. Ils l&amp;rsquo;ont fait &amp;agrave; partir de la r&amp;eacute;solution de probl&amp;egrave;mes pratiques et irr&amp;eacute;pressibles : fournir de l'&amp;eacute;lectricit&amp;eacute;, de l'eau potable, assainir, permettre les d&amp;eacute;placements etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Trois r&amp;eacute;sultats ressortent : les r&amp;eacute;seaux techniques contribuent &amp;agrave; structurer les villes et font office de dispositifs de coh&amp;eacute;rence. Les m&amp;eacute;tropoles sont d'autant plus gouvernables qu'il existe un pouvoir l&amp;eacute;gitime de rang sup&amp;eacute;rieur capable de faire des arbitrages. Enfin, l&amp;rsquo;urbanisation anarchique trouve ses causes dans les r&amp;eacute;gimes de propri&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; fonci&amp;egrave;re, dans une insuffisante planification urbaine et dans les pratiques des promoteurs et des acteurs locaux qui s'enrichissent par la production du b&amp;acirc;ti.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Par la nouveaut&amp;eacute; de ces hypoth&amp;egrave;ses, la pr&amp;eacute;cision des analyses conduites &amp;agrave; Shanghai, Mumbai, Le Cap et Santiago du Chili, ce livre s'adresse &amp;agrave; tous ceux qui travaillent sur la ville : &amp;eacute;lus, fonctionnaires territoriaux et fonctionnaires d'&amp;Eacute;tat, cadres des firmes urbaines, citoyens et &amp;eacute;tudiants.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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