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Zo&amp;eacute;

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Apr&amp;egrave;s l'apartheid, Johannesbourg est autant divis&amp;eacute;e par la pauvret&amp;eacute;, la violence que par la race. L'auteur observe des sc&amp;egrave;nes aussi cocasses que tragiques o&amp;ugrave; les uns s'enferment eux-m&amp;ecirc;mes, obnubil&amp;eacute;s par leur s&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute;, et les autres, rest&amp;eacute;s &amp;agrave; l'ext&amp;eacute;rieur, inqui&amp;egrave;tent les premiers. Une histoire de fronti&amp;egrave;res que l'abolition de l'apartheid rend encore plus saillantes.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Ivan Vladislavic&lt;/b&gt; est un &amp;eacute;crivain sud-africain.&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Bruegmann's fields of research and teaching are architectural, urban, landscape, and planning history and historic preservation. He has received scholarships and fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Graham Foundation, the Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture at Columbia University and the Institute for the Humanities and the Great Cities Institute at the University of Illinois at Chicago.&#13;
&#13;
He received his BA from Principia College in 1970 and his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1976 with a dissertation on late 18th and early 19th century European hospitals and other institutions. In 1977 he became assistant professor in the Art History Department at the University of Illinois at Chicago where he is currently Professor with appointments in the School of Architecture and the Program in Urban Planning and Policy. He has also taught at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia College of the Arts, MIT and Columbia University. He has also worked for the Historic American Buildings Survey and Historic American Engineering Record of the National Park Service.&#13;
&#13;
Robert Bruegmann (University of Illinois at Chicago) is an historian of architecture, landscape and the built environment. He is the author of “Sprawl: A Compact History” (2005).&#13;
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A Presentation of the Baker-Nord Center for the Humanities</text>
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                <text>Durant les deux premières décennies de la période post-indépendance en CI, la  politique urbaine et les pratiques d'aménagement sont marquées pat la gestion  centralisée et le clientélisme patrimonial. Aussi, la présente recherche analyse-t-elle cette realité des pratiques gestionnaires de l'aménagement en recourant à différents éléments méthodologiques. Ceux-ci du reste, s'appuient sur les plans quinquennaux, les documents administratifs et communaux, les termes législatifs, les publications consultées et surtout sur les entrevues menées dans les deux communes à l'étude à savoir Gagnoa et Dimbokro.  Dam la démarche globale, l'étude note pourtant un renversement de tendance  dam la gestion publique de l'aménagement depuis l'avènement en 1980, de la politique de décentralisation consécutive à la crise économique. Un tel changement tient pour l'essentiel aux pressions des bailleurs de fonds internationaux ainsi qu'aux mesures de réformes institutionnelles et d'ajustement structure1 qui en découlent. En somme, ce contexte de gestion urbaine décentralisé suscite une remise en cause des pratiques clientélistes antérieures et provoque en bout de ligne des transformations au niveau des  pratiques d'aménagement urbain.  En ce sens, quelques illustrations qui méritent attention sont que désormais,  nombre d'interventions dans ce champ de pratique a lieu à travers des programmes  conçus et financés par les bailleurs de fonds internationaux. En outre, un transfert de pouvoirs en aménagement est fait à de nouveaux acteurs que sont les communes. Et ainsi dotées de la capacité de prélever des taxes et impôts, elles confectionnent et exécutent en contrepartie un budget propre, un programme triennal d'immobilisation. De plus elles embauchent des employés, conçoivent, financent et réalisent des projets d'équipements et services urbains. Parallèlement, leurs sphères d'intervention couvrent aussi les projets d'aménagement foncier, nécessaires à la mise en valeur de leur territoire.  Pour autant ce nouveau contexte, s'il répond aux objectifs de la décentralisation, crée les conditions d'émergence de véritables notables locaux au sein des collectivités locales. A cet égard, l'une des conclusions de l'étude montre bien que dans le nouveau contexte de compétitions électorales municipales, les patrons locaux sont préoccupés par le financement de leur campagne et le désir de se faire réélire. Dans ces conditions, ils utilisent dans bien des cas, les prérogatives et privilèges nés de la gestion décentralisée pour alimenter leurs propres réseaux de clans clientélistes.  Toujours est-il que la logique des réseaux de technocrates et de revendicateurs locaux, catalyseurs au changement des pratiques clientélistes, ne manque pas d'entrer en conflit avec celle des élus locaux, influencés par l'environnement politique. C'est le cas notamment des acteurs technocrates locaux au sein de la DCGTx, de la SODECI, de la CIE et du STM.  Et s'agissant particulièrement des techniciens municipaux, on réalise qu'ils  participent à des séminaires de formation ou à des voyages d'échange dans l'espace de la coopération décentralisée. De telles opportunités leur permettent de s'inspirer de l'expertise et des expériences étrangères, en plus de se familiariser avec de nouveaux modes de gestion urbaine et municipale. 11 s'ensuit que sur le terrain, la volonté de mener une gestion rigoureuse de l'aménagement, les conduit à remettre bien souvent en cause celles des décisions des élus qui sont dictées par la logique clientéliste notabiliaire. Celle-ci bien entendu, privilégie les intérêts des réseaux de clans concentriques acquis au notable local au détriment de véritables actions d'aménagement qui valorisent l'espace urbain.  C'est pourquoi au terme de cette étude, l'une des voies à privilégier pour  atténuer cette nouvelle forme de clientélisme et assurer une gestion satisfaisante des affaires communales et de l'aménagement, semble résider dans la formation. Cette approche pourrait consister au renforcement et à l'extension des programmes de formation du personnel municipal, au personnel administratif charge de l'exercice de la tutelle et aux élus tenus jusqu'alors à l'écart de tels programmes.</text>
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Neeraj Prasad et al.

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&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Climate change is no longer a distant possibility but a current reality. Loss from flooding and hurricanes is an all too frequent occurrence in many countries in the Region, particularly in cities where people and assets are concentrated. Urban centers must be prepared with specialized tools to deal with climate change impacts and early warning systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, given the potential devastation associated with future climate change-related disasters, it is vital to change the way we build and manage our cities, which account for 80 percent of greenhouse gas emissions today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now is the time for policymakers to take an integrated look at reducing vulnerabilities to climate change and other natural disasters in a comprehensive disaster management system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This Primer is a tool for city governments in the East Asia Region to better understand how to plan for climate change impacts and impending natural disasters through sound urban planning to reduce vulnerabilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It gives local governments information to actively engage in training, capacity building, and capital investment programs that are identified as priorities for building sustainable, resilient communities.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Neeraj Prasad &lt;/b&gt;is Lead Carbon Finance Specialist and deputy to the Manager of the Carbon Finance Unit at the World Bank.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; We have released the genie from the bottle: climate change is coming, and there&amp;rsquo;s no stopping it. The question, according to Matthew Kahn, is not how we&amp;rsquo;re going to avoid a hotter future but how we&amp;rsquo;re going to adapt to it. In Climatopolis, Kahn, one of the world&amp;rsquo;s foremost experts on the economics of the environment, argues that cities and regions will adapt to rising temperatures over time, slowly transforming our everyday lives as we change our behaviors and our surroundings. Taking the reader on a tour of the world&amp;rsquo;s cities&amp;mdash; from New York to Beijing to Mumbai&amp;mdash;Kahn&amp;rsquo;s clear-eyed, engaging, and optimistic message presents a positive yet realistic picture of what our urban future will look like.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Matthew E. Kahn &lt;/b&gt;is a professor at the UCLA Institute of the Environment, the UCLA Department of Economics, and the UCLA Department of Public Policy. He is also research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Ethnologie française, , 4, 2010-10-29, pp.685-694</text>
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                <text>Penn, Alan. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>This thesis deals with the urban phenomenon of minority clusters, which are invariably referred to as 'ghettos'. A review of the literature on 'ghettos' suggests that the clustering of identifiable minorities is commonly associated with segregation - be it physical, economic, social or linguistic - although it is the physical segregation which tends to be most frequently noticed. Moreover, one type of segregation, such as physical - is believed to lead to another type, such as economic.

Through studying Jewish settlement in Leeds and Manchester in the 19th century, two key questions are addressed in this thesis: The first is whether there is a link between spatial clustering and spatial segregation and the second is whether spatial clustering is linked to other forms of segregation, such as economic, occupational and social. Another two questions arise from the analysis: whether Jewish settlement patterns are distinctive in their own right, and whether it is possible to identify a pattern in the process of formation of Jewish settlement that may have broader implications for immigrant/minority settlement in general.

The techniques and theories of 'Space Syntax' are used here to analyse the settlements in question by using detailed street-level mapping of census data on the entire Jewish population of Manchester and Leeds and of all non-Jewish individuals in the key Jewish districts of each of the cities (the key Jewish districts are generally referred to as 'ghettos'). This enables a multi-level socio-spatial comparison to be made: between Jewish families and their immediate neighbours; between Jewish families and the population of the city as a whole; and between the initial and secondary stages of Jewish settlement. In order to investigate questions relating specifically to immigrant settlement, non-Jewish people born outside of Britain are also considered as a separate group, although they are not the main subject. The analysis suggests that spatial clustering does not necessarily lead to spatial segregation and that spatial clustering may also be associated with some types of segregation, such as occupational but not with others, such as economic. It also suggests that Jewish settlement patterns are distinctive and that they are identifiable for a longer period than expected after immigration, when compared with other immigrants.

This thesis also sheds light on the process of the formation of Jewish settlement, proposing a pattern whereby after establishing a core of settlement, streets already established become more densely populated, whilst new streets are settled more slowly. Analysis of the key districts of Jewish settlement also suggests that certain areas of cities are especially prone to settlement by the disadvantaged, due to characteristics that make such areas firstly, tend to be economically unsuccessful due to their spatial segregation and secondly, less attractive to those who have the means to move elsewhere and that such areas are not so much defined by their immigrant constituents, but by their long-standing inhabitants that cannot move elsewhere.</text>
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                <text>http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/661/</text>
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                <text>Clustering, segregation and the 'ghetto' : The spatialisation of Jewish settlement in Manchester and Leeds in the 19th century</text>
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19 janvier 2008</text>
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Denis Ch</text>
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L&amp;#39;&amp;eacute;mission &lt;a href="http://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/em/co2monamour/pres.php" target="_blank"&gt;CO2 mon amour&lt;/a&gt;   de France Inter s&amp;#39;est d&amp;eacute;plac&amp;eacute; le 19 janvier 2008 &amp;agrave; Bordeaux &amp;agrave; l&amp;#39;occasion du Congr&amp;egrave;s Eco-Citoyen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Invit&amp;eacute;s :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
S&amp;eacute;bastien Darcy, auteur du livre &amp;quot;Les d&amp;eacute;fis &amp;eacute;cologiques de Bordeaux et sa r&amp;eacute;gion&amp;quot; paru aux &amp;eacute;ditions Sud Ouest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Antoine Kremer, g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ticien des populations et responsable de l&amp;#39;UMR Biodiversit&amp;eacute; G&amp;egrave;nes et Communaut&amp;eacute;s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Philippe Richard, Directeur du Jardin Botanique de Bordeaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Marc Lasaygues, architecte et membre de l&amp;#39;association H Nord.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette &amp;eacute;mission est &lt;a href="http://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/pod/index.php" target="_blank"&gt;podcastable&lt;/a&gt; et elle peut &amp;eacute;galement &amp;ecirc;tre &lt;a href="http://www.tv-radio.com/ondemand/france_inter/CO2/CO220080119.ram"&gt;&amp;eacute;cout&amp;eacute;e en streaming&lt;/a&gt;  durant les 30 jours qui suivent sa diffusion.
&lt;/div&gt;

&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!--FIN DU COMMENTAIRE--&gt;
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55 minutes

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                <text>CO2 reduction for urban goods movement: is it possible to reach the Factor 4 by 2050?</text>
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                <text>This paper analyses the interplay of transport and development in North Korea, one of the most state-controlled and underdeveloped countries of the world. While broader aspects have been well described by various studies, logistics have been given little attention as permissive or restrictive factors in the country's development. Despite the recent reforms and the growth of trade, the development of North Korea is confronted to the weaknesses of the transport system and inland logistics. An analysis of vessel movements at North Korean ports (1985-2006) shows that although coastal economies may increasingly use maritime transport to overcome inland blockages, the evolution of port traffics better reflects broader trends such as general economic decline, westward shift of populations, and the polarization of economic activities around Pyongyang area. Beside those trends, the research also estimates the importance of maritime transport in North Korean trade and it provides a base upon which further studies can be conducted, so as to better evaluate the place of North Korea among transport studies</text>
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                <text>Dans quelle mesure les mutations économiques qu'ont connues les pays développés dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle ont-elles affecté la structure hiérarchique et la différenciation économique du système des villes ? Cette thèse met en œuvre des données et outils inédits pour étudier l'impact du passage d'une société industrielle à une « société de la connaissance » sur l'ensemble des villes françaises.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A l'aide de la définition des Aires Urbaines, proposée par l'INSEE, nous montrons que la concentration pluriséculaire de la population dans le système des villes s'est poursuivie. En outre la composante régionale de la répartition de la croissance urbaine, favorisant les villes du sud, s'est accentuée entre 1950 et 2000, si bien que des trajectoires spécifiques de villes se dessinent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'évolution des spécialisations économiques est par la suite appréciée à l'aide d'analyses multivariées. Celles-ci soulignent la permanence d'une différenciation ancienne des villes, trace de l'inégale diffusion des innovations de la première révolution industrielle. Les modalités d'adaptation des villes au changement économique, qui maintient une structure ancienne, traduisent la coévolution des villes dans le système. Mais nous montrons aussi l'émergence et le renforcement d'une dimension métropolitaine qui combine, pour la première fois dans l'histoire urbaine, taille des villes et spécialisation économique : les plus grandes villes se démarquent en captant préférentiellement les activités emblématiques du cycle d'innovation économique actuel. Ces résultats laissent entrevoir la possibilité d'une modification structurelle.</text>
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3 et 4 avril 2008

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
ENS SHS&lt;/a&gt;, a organis&amp;eacute; deux journ&amp;eacute;es d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;tude. Ces journ&amp;eacute;es ont eu pour objectif de faire dialoguer jeunes chercheurs et sp&amp;eacute;cialistes confirm&amp;eacute;s travaillant sur la question de l&amp;rsquo;espace urbain. Elles ont &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; consacr&amp;eacute;es &amp;agrave; la pr&amp;eacute;sentation et &amp;agrave; la discussion de travaux r&amp;eacute;cents ou en cours de doctorants et jeunes docteurs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
S&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;gation, mixit&amp;eacute;, coh&amp;eacute;sion sociale, sont devenues des th&amp;eacute;matiques r&amp;eacute;currentes du d&amp;eacute;bat politique, mais restent d&amp;eacute;licates &amp;agrave; manier pour les sciences sociales. La notion de cohabitation se pr&amp;eacute;sente comme une entr&amp;eacute;e plus distanci&amp;eacute;e. Elle permet d&amp;rsquo;aborder plus largement la question des rapports sociaux dans l&amp;rsquo;espace urbain. La cohabitation suppose la copr&amp;eacute;sence dans l&amp;rsquo;espace urbain de populations h&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;rog&amp;egrave;nes, mais ne s&amp;rsquo;y r&amp;eacute;duit pas. Elle implique que les acteurs priv&amp;eacute;s ou publics de ces espaces urbains donnent un sens &amp;agrave; cette copr&amp;eacute;sence. Elle entra&amp;icirc;ne &amp;eacute;galement des effets de &amp;quot;composition&amp;quot;   (compromis, transactions, &amp;eacute;changes, conflits, coop&amp;eacute;rations) ayant l&amp;rsquo;espace comme enjeu. Ces processus se d&amp;eacute;roulent &amp;agrave; diff&amp;eacute;rentes &amp;eacute;chelles (logement, immeuble, quartier, agglom&amp;eacute;ration) et impliquent des acteurs multiples (habitants, acteurs politiques et associatifs, professionnels de l&amp;rsquo;urbain et du logement, etc.).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Textes en ligne :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Cohabitation et dynamiques urbaines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
LADYSS&lt;/a&gt;) : Cohabiter dans le centre ancien de Barcelone : multiplicit&amp;eacute; des processus et des tensions&lt;/div&gt;
Nicolas Oppenchaim (doctorant, LVMT) : Comment &amp;eacute;tudier les mobilit&amp;eacute;s quotidiennes des adolescents de quartiers sensibles ?&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Habitats pr&amp;eacute;caires et cohabitation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Maira Machado Martins (doctorante, Laboratoire Th&amp;eacute;ories des Mutations Urbaines) : Les copropri&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s populaires dans l&amp;rsquo;avenue Brasil, &amp;agrave; Rio de Janeiro&lt;/div&gt;
SHADYC&lt;/a&gt;-EHESS) : Le cas du camp de personnes sans-abri des enfants de Don Quichotte &amp;agrave; Marseille : plusieurs niveaux de &amp;quot;cohabitation&amp;quot; pour une multiplicit&amp;eacute; de rapports sociaux&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Cohabiter dans les espaces publics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Elsa Zotian (doctorante, SHADYC-EHESS) : La Halle Puget &amp;agrave; Marseille : une place publique fortement investie pour une multiplicit&amp;eacute; de jeux d&amp;rsquo;acteurs, entre &amp;eacute;tiquetages, conflits et &amp;eacute;vitements&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Marshall Poe</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the distributor : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This week we have Professor Colin Gordon of the University of Iowa on the show talking about his new book Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008). Professor Gordon is the author of two previous monographs, Dead on Arrival: The Politics of Health Care in Twentieth Century America (Princeton University Press, 2004) and New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920-1935 (Cambridge University Press, 1994). Mapping Decline breaks new ground not only in our understanding of the decay of the American inner-city, but also in its use of quantitative data in combination with GIS mapping technologies. The book is full of beautiful maps that paint a vivid, if somewhat depressing, picture of American urban history. Philip J. Ethington of the University of Southern California calls Mapping Decline &amp;ldquo;a searing indictment of policymakers, realtors, and mortgage lenders for deliberate decisions that sacrificed their own city of St. Louis on the altar of race.&amp;rdquo; That it is.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Marshall Poe &lt;/b&gt;is Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of History at the University of Iowa.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Colin Gordon &lt;/b&gt;is a Professor and Chair of the Department of History at the University of Iowa.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
available online&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>La nécessité de comprendre les mécanismes de décision à l'origine des migrations et des choix de localisation des individus a conduit de nombreux chercheurs à envisager un cadrage permettant de replacer les stratégies individuelles dans leur espace. Le champ de l'analyse de la mobilité se révèle particulièrement dynamique et fécond pour la réflexion théorique aussi bien que l'expérimentation pratique. Cette contribution se propose donc de présenter les développements méthodologiques récents ainsi que certaines de leurs applications. Ayant identifié les directions majeures de ces innovations selon qu'elles découlent d'une remise en question de la temporalité du phénomène, d'une conceptualisation plus précise de l'ancrage spatial, psychologique ou social des individus, d'une réflexion sur l'unité à privilégier (individu, réseau, entourage), les auteurs présentent le type de collecte et de résultats qui découlent de ces concepts. Pour conclure, est exposée la présentation d'une collecte qui vise à intégrer l'étude des migrations dans un contexte plus large, en suivant dans une dynamique longitudinale un groupe, l'entourage, dont la trajectoire est façonnée par les parcours interactifs de chacun de ses membres.</text>
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                <text>Obtaining Data on Mobility : from the historic Recordings of Migrations to Family Group Biographies. 

The need to understand the decision making process at the origin of migrations and the choice of location of individuals has brought many researchers to consider adopting a framework of analysis destined to fully consider the strategy of individuals within their space. 
This field of analysis of mobility appears to be very dynamic and rich both for the considerations of theoretical analysis and for practical experimentation. This paper presents recent developments in methodologies and their use. Having identified the major axes of these innovations on the basis of either their questioning of the time base on the phenomena, or a more precise appreciation of the spatial origins, the psychology or social aspirations of the individuals, or the unit measure considered to be the most appropriate (individual, network, or family circle), the author proposes the type of data collection involved and the conclusions that may be drawn from these different concepts. The author concludes with a demonstration of a data gathering process which integrates the study of migrations in a larger context that is based on longitudinal group dynamics, the family circle, all of which being shaped by the interactive trajectory of each of its members.</text>
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                <text>Lelièvre Éva. Collecter des données de mobilité : des histoires migratoires aux biographies d'entourage. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1999-2. Les mobilités spatiales. pp. 195-205.</text>
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                <text>Collecter des données de mobilité : des histoires migratoires aux biographies d'entourage</text>
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