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                <text>Présentation par le diffuseur :&#13;
&#13;
Le quartier Barbès : production et négociation de l'espace&#13;
&#13;
Ce reportage, entièrement analysé et documenté, est proposé par Miriam Meißner, jeune diplômée d'un bachelor en "sciences des cultures et médias" à l’université Heinrich Heine de Düsseldorf en Allemagne.&#13;
&#13;
Ce reportage a été construit à l’aide de différents matériels, photographique et audiovisuel, enregistrés in situ et montés en fonction des thématiques étudiés. Les périodes laissées entre les différentes prises de vues apparaissent de façon aussi aléatoire que l'inclusion des perspectives. Ainsi la vidéo se compose "d’images déplacées" qui imitent la perception d’un "participant à l’espace".&#13;
&#13;
Les segments de vidéos sont tous accompagnés d’un rapport explicatif téléchargeable (.pdf uniquement disponible en allemand) se trouvant en bas à droite de la vidéo. Chaque document explicite, en détail, les types de relation des images entre elles et contribue ainsi à l’analyse du sujet général : la production et la négociation de l'espace.</text>
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                <text>Rencontre avec Mirko Solari dans le cadre du colloque organisé par l'IHEAL-Institut des Hautes Etudes de l'Amérique Latine.&#13;
&#13;
Lima, ancienne capitale du vice-royaume du Pérou, est généralement identifiée à son passé colonial. Aujourd’hui, mégapole de plus de huit millions d’habitants, elle est le centre économique, social et politique du Pérou.&#13;
De son passé pré-colonial, important au vu du nombre élevé de restes archéologiques qui émanent de nombreuses cultures, on connaît bien peu de choses. Sont également rarement mentionnés les aspects identitaires de ses habitants et la place de "l’andino et de l’amazónico" dans la capitale.&#13;
&#13;
Cette conférence est accompagnée d’images retraçant le passé et le développement pré-coloniaux de Lima, ainsi que le Lima actuel et les défis posés par les perspectives d’une nouvelle identification du "limeño".</text>
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 7, 1, 2003-03-01, pp.195-204</text>
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                <text>Focussing on Palestine refugee camps in the Near East, this dissertation aims to shed light on the potential relevance of urban planning to refugee camp environments worldwide. In particular, there is a focus on the role architects and urban planners can play in facilitating participatory planning processes as well as providing guidance and expertise in the development of a spatial vision for Camp Cities.

Part I – The Urbanisation of Refugee Camps as a Global Challenge
The first part of the dissertation provides an overview of global phenomenon of refugee camp urbanisation. Notions of “Camp-City”, “Virtual City” and other conceptual models developed by international scholars in relation to camp urbanisation will be introduced and critically discussed in relation to existing tools and policy guidelines developed by the main agents of international refugee protection. The chapter focuses on debates and discussions that have led to the recent revival of “developmental” and “rights-based” approaches to UNHCR policies and programmes. However, the brief analysis of actual situations in three exemplary African camps reveals the many political hurdles and obstacles, which prevent a full implementation of a developmental and rights based approach in practice.

Part II – Palestine Camp Cities: Case Studies of Urbanised Refugee Camps in the Near East
The second part of the dissertation introduces Palestine refugee camps, the main focus of this dissertation and explains in detail the factors that have led to a spectacular and perhaps unparalleled urbanisation process. The discussion centres on the results of three holistic case studies of exemplary Palestine refugee camps in the West Bank. Analytical tools and methodologies from urban research in informal settlement contexts are applied to analyse land use, zoning, degrees of density and congestion, building safety, infrastructure and the camp’s physical integration into its urban, suburban or rural context. The spatial-physical situation analysis is complemented by an analysis of urbanisation in social and cultural terms including the camp’s institutions, leadership as well as gender roles, internal and external conflicts and resolution models.

Part III – Camp Improvement Planning: Piloting Community-driven
Urban Rehabilitation for Palestine Camp Cities
The third part provides a critical reflection on the pilot project in participatory camp improvement conducted by the UNRWA-Stuttgart planning team between 2007 and 2008. Successes and conflicts of planning process are being analysed, followed by critical comments on key outstanding issues that need to be resolved before camp improvement can be fully launched in all camps. Three speculative scenarios are introduced: A worst case scenario which predicts a catastrophic future for Camp Cities in case the camp improvement initiative or its successors will fail. A second scenario speculates on how successful camp improvement might prevent the gloomy predictions of scenario one as a “best possible compromise” in the context of an enduring refugee crisis. While camp rehabilitation cannot and should not substitute a long-overdue political settlement, in the intermediate term, the traditional notion of “Refugee camps” could be radically redefined in the interest of those suffering under the extreme congestion, poverty and dehumanised environment of the present. The final scenario describes a situation in which “peace breaks out”. How might the reality of a negotiated peaceful settlement ending the Palestinian-Israeli conflict impact on the Camp Cities?

Part IV – Conclusion
In the final part of the dissertation the author draws more general conclusions on the applicability of the CIP methodology to refugee camps beyond the Middle East, arguing that Palestine camps – which are both, the most urbanised, and also the best-funded – should lead the search for innovative approaches to camp urbanisation worldwide. Facing increasing protracted and urbanised camp situations, the UNHCR and other actors of the international refuge regime could benefit from the Palestinian experience. The application of the Palestine model of integrated, community driven urban planning to other camps that have not yet reached the critical levels of congestion could prevent a “disaster in the making”. Furthermore, the CIP model provides lessons which can be useful to non-refugee contexts such as informally developed, congested and impoverished urban settings in the Middle Eastern region and beyond, and help to champion notions such as grass-root participation, community empowerment, and strategic planning.</text>
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                <text>This dissertation is an urban environmental history of the low-lying American slum. Using qualitative research methods, I investigate the historical phenomenon of topographically based, socio-economic segregation in cities, and how urban actors first created these places then remade them. I examine six low-lying urban neighborhoods in the United States: "The Bottoms" in Columbus, Ohio; "Frog Hollow" in Hartford, Connecticut; "The Flats" in Los Angeles, California; "Black Bottom" in Nashville, Tennessee; "Swede Hollow" in St. Paul, Minnesota; and, "Foggy Bottom" in Washington, D.C.

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The history of urban lowlands highlights the low-lying landscape as an urban nexus point, revealing an inherent conflict between urban actors over containment of the poor versus the redevelopment of stigmatized districts. Planners intervene in this conflict, and assist in the repeated remaking of desirable and undesirable city spaces.

The thesis draws connections among physical planning, social inequality, natural processes, and urban space in lowlands of unique interest to scholars and practicing planners in an era of renewed interest in the environment of cities.</text>
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                <text>murs. Il sert de lieu d'habitation à une ou plusieurs lignées familiales généralement d'origine non-kairouanaise. Dès le XIXe siècle, les voyageurs occidentaux ont signalé l'existence d'un faubourg des Zlass accueillant les bédouins de la région environnante, venus s'installer d'abord à l'extérieur des remparts avant de se citadiniser. Au lendemain du protectorat (1881), l'autorité administrative française a voulu, par le biais de plusieurs découpages administratifs, évacuer la territorialisation tribale et mara- boutique. Cet objectif sera réalisé au lendemain de lïndépendance (1956) a produit, à son tour, d'autres divisions et mots de la ville générant, dans leur sillage, des modes particuliers de spatialisation et d'urbanité.</text>
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                <text>Districts and Suburbs of the Kairouan Medina. From Words to Modes of Spatialisation The divisions of urban space in the Tunisian city of Kairouan are supported by a specific symbolism and history. Whereas the term «district» {houma) is used to designate the intra-muros city and the term «suburb» (rbat) applies only to the extra-muros area where mainly newcomers dwell, the first entity suggests dwelling in the city centre while the second expresses a borderline position. An ethnographic and historical survey shows that a change took place during the 19th and 20th centuries. It consisted of extending the notion of houma to include two major suburbs of Kairouan. namely al-Giuéblia and al- Jéblia. just as it gradually resulted in a proliferation of suburbs of which there are more than twenty today. In Kairouan. the suburb or rbaî is a closed or open alley that is always situated outside the walls. It serves as the dwelling place of one or more family lines, usually of non-Kairouan origin. As early as the 19th century, Western travellers mentioned the existence of a suburb of Zlass which received Bedouins from the surrounding region . who had first come to settle outside the ramparts before moving inside. At the end of the protectorate (1881), the : French administrative authority wished : to clear tribal and marabou territories. , This objective was achieved after independence (1956). in turn producing other divisions and city words that generated, in their wake, particular: modes of spatalisation and urbanity.</text>
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                <text>Kerrou Mohamed, . Quartiers et faubourgs de la médina de Kairouan. Des mots aux modes de spatialisation. In: Genèses, 33, 1998. Les mots de la ville. pp. 49-76.</text>
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                <text>Quartiers et faubourgs de la médina de Kairouan. Des mots aux modes de spatialisation</text>
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                <text>Convaincu que l’intervention citoyenne et le rétablissement de l’égalité républicaine sont des moyens efficaces de lutte contre la montée de l’abstentionnisme, des extrémismes, ou du communautarisme dans les quartiers populaires, François Lamy avait missionné Marie-Hélène Bacqué et Mohamed Mechmache en janvier 2013 afin qu’ils lui fassent des propositions sur la participation des citoyens. &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>http://ville.gouv.fr/?pour-une-reforme-radicale-de-la</text>
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                <text>At the turn of the 21st century, youth gangs have again become an object of societal anxiety, occupying a special place among the different themes forming the magma of concern about crime. Recently (August-September 2007), the media were full of the fights between groups of youths who usually hang out in the La Défense and Gare du Nord areas of Paris. The amount of press received by these violent exchanges may seem surprising. During the same period, several arrests were made in the Val-de-Marne département following a homicide connected with " trouble " (" embrouilles ") between youths from Valenton and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges. Likewise, at the Belle-Épine shopping centre in Thiais (Val-de-Marne), two other youths were seriously injured by sawed-off shotgun shots. Apparently media coverage differs depending on whether these conflicts take place in gentrified Paris or in the anonymous outskirts where everything turns grey.</text>
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                <text>En ce début de XXIe siècle, les bandes de jeunes redeviennent un objet d'inquiétude sociale, se frayant une place singulière dans les différentes thématiques qui forment le magma des préoccupations sécuritaires. On peut être surpris par l'écho médiatique récemment donné (août-septembre 2007) aux bagarres opposant à Paris, divers groupes de jeunes stationnant habituellement à La Défense et à la Gare du Nord. À la même époque, plusieurs arrestations eurent lieu dans le Val-de-Marne suite à un homicide lié à des " embrouilles " entre des jeunes de Valenton et de Villeneuve-Saint-Georges. De même qu'au centre commercial Belle-Épine de Thiais (Val-de-Marne), deux autres jeunes étaient sérieusement blessés par des tirs de fusil à canon scié. La réactivité médiatique diffère apparemment selon que ces conflits se situent dans le Paris gentrifié ou dans l'anonymat grisaillant de la périphérie.</text>
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                <text>Le chômage, tout en se féminisant, intervient tôt dans la vie des jeunes Maghrébins en France. Ce phénomène est lié à une scolarisation médiocre : c'est à l'école que l'obstacle linguistique est ressenti douloureusement et que l'enfant connaît les premières frustrations dues à la différence. Ensuite, le chômage va s'expliquer au niveau de la formation professionnelle d'où ces jeunes sont exclus à cause des insuffisances du système scolaire et de l'inadaptation des formations proposées.</text>
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                <text>Causes of young North Africans' unemployment in France 

Unemployment strikes quite early North African young people. It is now affecting more and more young women. That can be explained first by their poor schooling achievements. At school, these young people are hindered and frustrated by language, racial and cultural differences. But they also are without work because they are excluded from professional training programs precisely because of the inadequacy of the school and professional training systems. </text>
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                <text>Khellil Mohand. Les causes du chômage chez les jeunes issus de l'immigration maghrébine en France.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-3. La population face à l'emploi - Population and work opportunities. pp. 609-613.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1988_num_6_3_1312</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1988.1312</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Inadaptation. ; France ; Unemployment ; North Africans ; School ; Professional training ; Language</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="377278">
                <text>France ; Chômage ; Maghrébins ; Ecole ; Formation ; Langue ; Rejet.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="377279">
                <text>Les causes du chômage chez les jeunes issus de l'immigration maghrébine en France.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521201">
                <text>Moizeau, Fabien</text>
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                <text>Tropeano, Jean-Philippe</text>
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                <text>Vergnaud, Jean-Christophe</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521204">
                <text>2008-09</text>
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                <text>Cet article développe un modèle théorique d'économie urbaine qui étudie les conséquences d'effets de voisinage informationnels sur l'organisation de la ville. Il s'agit, en particulier, d'examiner l'impact de tels effets de voisinage sur le processus de ségrégation urbaine. Pour ce faire, nous développons un modèle à générations imbriquées avec choix individuel d'éducation et de localisation. Lorsqu'il est jeune, un individu décide de son effort d'éducation. L'hypothèse centrale est de dire que les jeunes évaluent les rendements de l'investissement scolaire en observant les résultats obtenus par la génération précédente du quartier. Lorsqu'il atteint l'âge adulte, un individu doit décider du lieu de résidence de la famille. A la différence des résultats obtenus dans la littérature, nous montrons que, sous certaines conditions, deux types de ville existent et sont stables. (i) Une ville intégrée peut émerger dans laquelle les quartiers sont composés d'une population hétérogène et présentent les mêmes incitations à l'éducation. (ii) Une ville ségrégée est possible qui comporte un ghetto de pauvres avec une mauvaise information sur l'intérêt de l'éducation et un taux d'éducation faible. Enfin, il n'y a pas unanimité parmi les individus pour préférer l'un des deux équilibres.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00344780</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521207">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/47/80/PDF/V08072.pdf</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521209">
                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economy and finances</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Croyances</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>effets informationnels</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521212">
                <text>inégalités</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521213">
                <text>segmentation sociale</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521214">
                <text>Effets de voisinage et localisation : la ségrégation urbaine est-elle inéluctable ?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494214">
                <text>Mol, Natalia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494215">
                <text>2011-11-13</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494216">
                <text>Comparaison entre l'expérience de la Région Métropolitaine de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), dans l'état de Minas Gerais, et celle du Grand Lyon. Communication ET 2011 Grenoble</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494217">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00640610</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="494218">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/64/06/10/PDF/TexteET2011Mol.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="494219">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494220">
                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="494221">
                <text>Comparaison</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494222">
                <text>RMBH et Grand Lyon : des points en communs ?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>preprint</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486434">
                <text>Molina, Géraldine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486435">
                <text>2010-10-04</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486436">
                <text>En s'intéressant aux différentes utilisations que les grands architectes-urbanistes contemporains font de la littérature, ce travail analyse les processus de légitimation de l'action sur la ville de ce groupe d'acteurs, et plus précisément les différents rôles qu'assurent leurs discours publics. Outils de séduction, de mise en scène de leur production, mais aussi de leurs personnalités, les références, tout comme les procédés stylistiques littéraires, constituent des ressources pour justifier et valoriser leur travail des faiseurs de ville. L'éclairage de ces pratiques culturelles permet de comprendre comment ces acteurs s'efforcent de construire leur image publique en répondant aux exigences d'une haute culture, tout en renvoyant à des référents collectivement partagés. Utilisés à des moments stratégiques des discours publics, les références et procédés littéraires leur permettent également de souligner leur positionnement sur des problématiques à forts enjeux de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme contemporains, et de mettre ainsi en scène leur référentiel. Ces usages littéraires révèlent parallèlement la manière dont ces acteurs revendiquent l'inscription dans une approche personnelle et sensible, tout en affirmant une démarche soucieuse des habitants et de leurs pratiques. Leur examen éclaire donc les stratégies de positionnement multiple de ces acteurs qui oscillent en permanence entre recherche de la distinction et affirmation d'une certaine conformité avec les valeurs de différents groupes d'acteurs participant à la production de la ville. En interrogeant l'architecture et l'urbanisme contemporains par l'angle des pratiques culturelles d'un groupe d'acteurs clés de la production des territoires urbains, cette analyse se situe ainsi au point de rencontre entre les sociologies de l'art et des professions, les études urbaines et la géographie de la littérature.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486437">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536602</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486438">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/53/66/02/PDF/ThA_se_MOLINA_dA_pA_t_BU.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486439">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486440">
                <text>Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486441">
                <text>[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486442">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486443">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486444">
                <text>Architecture</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486445">
                <text>urbanisme</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486446">
                <text>production de la ville</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486447">
                <text>star-system</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486448">
                <text>discours</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486449">
                <text>utilisation sociale de la littérature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486450">
                <text>référentiel</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486451">
                <text>instrumentalisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="486452">
                <text>géographie et littérature</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="486453">
                <text>Les faiseurs de ville et la littérature : lumières sur un star-system contemporain et ses discours publics. Des usages de la littérature au service de l'action des grands architectes-urbanistes</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="486454">
                <text>PhD thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="493959">
                <text>Molina, Geraldine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="493960">
                <text>2007</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="493961">
                <text>OEuvre d'art, espace et société sont dans cet article abordés au travers d'une approche relationnelle qui s'attache aux rapports qu'ils entretiennent. Plus précisément, la question des représentations de la ville dans la bande-dessinée intéresse la géographie en ce que ce genre artistique correspond à l'heure actuelle à un art très populaire, un média de masse qui se nourrit de l'imaginaire collectif de cet espace urbain et participe en retour à l'influencer. Dans cette perspective, il s'agit d'apprécier comment la série " culte " Les Aventures extraordinaires d'Adèle Blanc-Sec de Jacques Tardi propose une représentation originale et complexe de la ville au regard des conventions de la mise en scène de cet espace dans le polar qu'elle reprend et détourne.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="493962">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00643069</text>
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                <text>Œuvre d’art, espace et société sont dans cet article abordés au travers d’une approche relationnelle qui s’attache aux rapports qu’ils entretiennent. Plus précisément, la question des représentations de la ville dans la bande dessinée intéresse la géographie car ce genre artistique correspond à l’heure actuelle à un art très populaire, un média de masse qui se nourrit de l’imaginaire collectif de cet espace urbain et participe en retour à l’influencer. Dans cette perspective, il s’agit d’apprécier comment la série « culte » Les aventures extraordinaires d’Adèle Blanc-Sec de Jacques Tardi propose une représentation originale et complexe de la ville, au regard des conventions de la mise en scène de cet espace dans le polar qu’elle reprend et détourne.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566458">
                <text>Monfroy, Brigitte</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566459">
                <text>Barthon, Catherine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566460">
                <text>2005-09-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566461">
                <text>À partir d’une analyse systémique, cette étude se propose de rendre compte des relations d’interdépendance qui se tissent entre les éta-blissements scolaires d’un même espace local, ici la ville de Lille. Après avoir montré la. forte segmentation sociale organisant la répartition des élèves entre les collèges publics et privés locaux, l’observation des flux et des modes de répartition des élèves permet d’objectiver la hiérarchisation des établissements lillois en lien avec les choix et les perceptions des familles. Il apparaît alors que si les positions des collèges lillois renvoient de façon étroite à leurs caractéristiques sociales et scolaires, d’autres critères plus géographiques comme la localisation des établissements, leur densité, leur proximité ou leur distance spatiale sont aussi à prendre en compte. Les logiques sociospatiales à l’œuvre dans la répartition des élèves entre les collèges lillois obéissent au final à un modèle d’interdépendance complexe dont l’équilibre est rendu très instable par les dynamiques urbaines et les politiques scolaires locales.I </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566462">
                <text>This article highlights social and school dynamics which organize the distribution of pupils in the secondary schools of the city of Lille. First having point up the local segregation existing between private an public schools, weexisting between private an public schools, we analyze the role of the parental choices and perceptions on the hierarchical organization of schools. Several factors can explain these choices such as social characteristics of pupils or school localization.  Moreover, it appears that this hierarchy also depends of the local urban dynamics and educative politics. In this “system”, the interdependence relationships between schools are very unsettled. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566463">
                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index2566.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566464">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566465">
                <text>interdependence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566466">
                <text>Lille (France)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566467">
                <text>secondary school</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566468">
                <text>social segmentation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566469">
                <text>urban context</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566470">
                <text>collège</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566471">
                <text>contexte urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566472">
                <text>interdépendance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566473">
                <text>Lille (France)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566474">
                <text>segmentation sociale</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566475">
                <text>Les espaces locaux d’interdépendance entre collèges :l’exemple de la ville de Lille</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566476">
                <text>article</text>
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