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                  <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures étudie la géographie culturelle, en centrant le propos sur le « tournant culturel » et plus largement les cultural studies. Depuis 1992, elle dresse un panorama actualisé en France et à l’étranger de l’état de la recherche dans ce domaine. La revue est conçue comme une plateforme d’idées, d’objets et de formats nouveaux, elle occupe une place originale dans son champ académique.</text>
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                <text>La ville du patrimoine mondial face au défi politique de sa propre image</text>
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                <text>isi:Environmental studies</text>
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                <text>Les images des villes du patrimoine mondial se multiplient sans cesse et circulent allègrement à travers le monde. Leur nombre et leur diffusion attestent de la valeur universelle de ces artéfacts urbains. La force d’attraction des villes du patrimoine mondial en est du même coup décuplée, suscitant l’affluence de ceux qui désirent voir in situ ce que ces images leur avaient déjà donné à admirer. L’industrie touristique s’en repaît, tandis que les autorités publiques y trouvent leur compte et que la population locale tente de s’en accommoder. Telle est la condition que sa propre image impose à la ville du patrimoine mondial. Or cette image est potentiellement tyrannique au chapitre de l’urbanisme et de la politique locale, d’où l’intérêt d’envisager un modèle politique de la ville patrimoniale, un modèle où sa valeur universelle s’allierait au mieux au droit de ses propres habitants de se laisser inspirer par d’autres images.</text>
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                <text>World heritage cities’ images multiply ceaselessly and circulate worldwide. This fact is in itself a proof of the universal value of these cities. It is also a way to promote them. Those images inspire visitors from all over the world. The tourist industry is taking advantage of the situation while the public authorities and the local population try to find their own way through it. But the power of those images is potentially tyrannical in terms of urbanism and local public affairs. Such a problem justifies a new political model where the universal value of the world heritage city is well connected with the right of its own inhabitants to be inspired by other images.</text>
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                <text>Mercier, Guy</text>
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                <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                <text>http://gc.revues.org/1832</text>
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                <text>Mercier, Paul</text>
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                <text>1960</text>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010022743</text>
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                <text>Mercier Paul. Etude du mariage et enquête urbaine. Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, 1960, p. 28-43. </text>
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                <text>VILLE</text>
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                <text>RELATIONS VILLE CAMPAGNE</text>
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                <text>PARENTE</text>
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                <text>SYSTEME MATRIMONIAL</text>
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                <text>ENDOGAMIE</text>
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                <text>Etude du mariage et enquête urbaine</text>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:02978</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:02978</text>
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                <text>Mercier Paul. Un essai d'enquête par questionnaires dans la ville de Dakar. In : Forde D. (dir.)  Aspects sociaux de l'industrialisation et de l'urbanisation en Afrique au sud du Sahara. Paris : UNESCO, 1956, p. 543-556. (Evolution Technique et Tensions Sociales). </text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>MILIEU URBAIN</text>
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                <text>RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE</text>
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                <text>Aspects sociaux de l'industrialisation et de l'urbanisation en Afrique au sud du Sahara</text>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Assoc. des amis de la R.G.L.</text>
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                <text>46</text>
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                <text>Mérenne-Schoumaker, Bernadette</text>
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                <text>
  En moins de dix ans, un marché immobilier d'entreprise a émergé en Wallonie. Ce marché a d'abord concerné les bureaux et les commerces (secteur non étudié dans cet article) et plus récemment le semi-industriel.
  Son développement est fortement lié à l'apparition d'une nouvelle demande induite par la croissance de nouvelles activités de services, par les nouvelles attentes en locaux, environnement et accessibilité ainsi qu'en choix de localisation tant à l'échelle sous-régionale que locale. Il a été largement favorisé par l'arrivée de nouveaux opérateurs immobiliers (promoteurs, investisseurs, agents immobiliers) étrangers et belges et aussi par les pouvoirs publics et plus particulièrement la Région wallonne et surtout les intercommunales de développement.
  L'émergence de ce marché n'est pas étrangère à l'accroissement de contrastes territoriaux car les projets immobiliers ont généralement tendance à conforter les points forts.
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                <text>Géocarrefour, , 3, 2007-07-01, pp.122-122</text>
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                <text>Quelle ville voulons-nous ?, de Michel Thiollière</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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                <text>Merle, Stéphane</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>En parallèle de la construction socio-politique d’un modèle sportif français reposant sur un effort global en faveur des pratiques sportives (depuis la masse jusqu’à l’élite), le développement sportif des années 1960-1970 est fortement marqué par l’empreinte keynésienne et fonctionnaliste. L’Etat construit en masse des équipements de base (stade, gymnase, piscine) et ce maillage rationalisé concerne la région stéphanoise comme l’ensemble du territoire national. Depuis les années 1980, les grandes logiques de production d’équipements sportifs sont secouées par deux processus : l’un politique et global, la décentralisation, l’autre socioéconomique et local, la désindustrialisation (avec effacement du soutien des grandes entreprises industrielles au développement des sports). Ce double déficit de financement provoque un net ralentissement dans la construction d’équipements sportifs, sans véritable keynésianisme des collectivités locales, d’autant plus que l’aménagement sportif peine à prendre en considération les évolutions sociologiques de la pratique sportive (pratique libre de pleine nature ou en ville : jogging, VTT, roller …). Pour autant, dans cette transition post-industrielle et post-keynésienne, les équipements sportifs ne sont pas négligés : ils sont d’un type nouveau, plus spécialisés et relevant d’un côté bien souvent de logiques politiques d’instrumentalisation, d’un autre côté de logiques marchandes (pour le sport de haut niveau). Dans ce dernier cas, l’action publique en faveur des sports est questionnée, voire remise en cause, par de puissants acteurs privés, ce que montre bien l’évolution des aménagements dans et autour du stade Geoffroy Guichard. </text>
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                <text>In parallel of socio-politic construction of french sports model wich rest on an effort in favour of sports (from mass to elite), the sports development in sixites and seventies is greatly marked by the keynesian stamp. The state build many basic amenities (stadium, gymnasium, swimming-pool), for Saint-Etienne region and the whole national territory. Since the eighties, the great logics of sports amenities production are shaked by two processes : the one political and overall, the decentralisation, the other socio-economic and local, the desindustrialisation (with decreasing of support of great industrial firms to sports development). This double deficit of finance cause one definite slower in the construction of sports amenities, without a real keynesianism of local authorities, all the more since sports amnity takes in short consideration sociologic evolutions of sports (free practice in nature or in the city : jogging, mountain bike, roller …). In this post-industrial and post-keynesian transition, sports amenities are note disregarded : they are from a new type, more specialized and they are a matter for, quite often, politic rouandabout logics and marketing logics (for high level sports). In this last case, public action in favour of sports is questionned, or even challenged, by powerful private actors, wici is well showed by the evolution of amenities in and around G. Guichard stadium. </text>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/3342</text>
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                <text>local authorities</text>
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                <text>public politics</text>
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                <text>sports amenities</text>
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                <text>sports practices</text>
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                <text>state</text>
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                <text>aménagement sportif</text>
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                <text>politiques publiques</text>
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                <text>pratiques sportives</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="554957">
                <text>Politiques d’équipements sportifs et évolution post-industrielle en région stéphanoise</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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                <text>50</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430602">
                <text>Merlin, Pierre</text>
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                <text>1996</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430604">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_1996_80_0047</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="430605">
                <text>fre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430606">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430607">
                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n80, 1, 1996-03-01, pp.47-74</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="430608">
                <text>L'universités de masse et la ville</text>
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  <item itemId="39935" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures étudie la géographie culturelle, en centrant le propos sur le « tournant culturel » et plus largement les cultural studies. Depuis 1992, elle dresse un panorama actualisé en France et à l’étranger de l’état de la recherche dans ce domaine. La revue est conçue comme une plateforme d’idées, d’objets et de formats nouveaux, elle occupe une place originale dans son champ académique.</text>
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      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638094">
                <text>Redéfinir la consommation pour repenser les espaces de consommation</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638095">
                <text>espaces de consommation</text>
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                <text>consommation expérientielle</text>
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                <text>sémiologie</text>
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                <text>géographie urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>spaces of consumption</text>
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                <text>distinctive consumption</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638102">
                <text>experiential consumption</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638103">
                <text>semiology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638104">
                <text>urban geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638105">
                <text>Espace ; société et territoire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638106">
                <text>Géographie : politique ; culture et représentation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638107">
                <text>isi:Environmental studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638108">
                <text>isi:Geography</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638109">
                <text>Le glissement de la géographie du commerce vers la géographie de la consommation, amorcé dans les années 1990 par les travaux anglo-saxons, commence à transparaître dans la géographie francophone. Or ce renouvellement ne s’appuie pas sur une redéfinition rigoureuse de la consommation, qui a toujours été étudiée en mettant l’accent sur les processus sociospatiaux entourant l’acte d’achat. Cette redéfinition est pourtant nécessaire dans la réappropriation de l’objet « consommation » par les géographes. L’article envisage donc de redéfinir cet objet dans une perspective interdisciplinaire, afin de poser les bases d’une reconstruction des spécificités de l’approche géographique de la consommation.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638110">
                <text>French retail geography is currently undergoing a shift towards a geography of consumption. This change was initiated by English geography in the 1990s. However, the French disciplinary renewal is not yet based on a rigorous definition of the concept of consumption. This article seeks to redefine the concept in an interdisciplinary perspective, in order to analyze the specificities of the geographic approach of consumption.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638111">
                <text>Mermet, Anne-Cécile</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638112">
                <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638113">
                <text>2011</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638116">
                <text>http://gc.revues.org/710</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506071">
                <text>Mermier, Franck</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506072">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506073">
                <text>Les plans pour la construction de la Mosquée Muhammad al-Amin remontent aux années 1950. Mais ce n'est qu'en octobre 2003 que Muhammad Qabbani, Mufti de la République libanaise ainsi que le premier ministre Rafik Hariri inaugurèrent le bâtiment. L'assassinat de Rafik Hariri, le 14 février 2005 a eu de considérables répercussions sur la scène politique libanaise avec, au premier chef, le retrait des forces armées syriennes du Liban. Aujourd'hui, Rafik Hariri repose dans la mosquée Muhammad al-Amin entouré des sept personnes tuées en même temps que lui. Notre article explore les origines du projet de cette mosquée et propose une analyse des dynamiques sociopolitiques et symboliques qui ont accompagné les phases successives de sa construction. Nous avons également interrogé les différentes perceptions suscitées par un projet architectural d'une telle ampleur.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506074">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00422542</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="506075">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/42/25/42/PDF/franck-mermier-mosquee-Muhammad-al-amin-beyrouth.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506076">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506077">
                <text>Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506078">
                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="506079">
                <text>Liban</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="506080">
                <text>mosquée</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="506081">
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