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                <text>77</text>
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                <text>Mazin, Oscar</text>
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                <text>
  
Le cas de Valladolid du Michoacá n (Nouvelle-Espagne) 
Dans le contexte de l'intense urbanisation de l'empire espagnol en Amérique, cet 
article se propose de montrer comment intervient un chapitre cathédral dans la 
conformation de la ville de Valladolid du Michoacán, en Nouvelle-Espagne 
(Mexique). Ce fut pendant le siècle moins étudié du vice-royaume (1660-1760) 
que se mit en place un véritable régime d'organisation sociale par lequel la cathé-drale est parvenue à remodeler l'ensemble des rapports sociaux au sein de la ville. 
Quatre domaines d'activité ont été privilégiés : la célébration du culte, les ?uvres 
de bienfaisance, les centres d'enseignement et le prêt d'argent ecclésiastique. L'article souligne également la dimension artistique de ce processus étudié à partir du 
chantier de la cathédrale définitive et de son influence sur la ville.
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 7, 1, 2003-03-01, pp.121-140</text>
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                <text>Cathédrales et cités dans le Nouveau Monde </text>
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                  <text>Métropoles</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554991">
                <text>Mazoyer, Harold</text>
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                <text>Cet article porte sur les études du métro de Lyon réalisées entre 1963 et 1971. Son ambition est de comprendre le rôle joué par les réalisations et méthodes d’analyse étrangères dans le processus de fabrication et de légitimation d’une expertise locale en transports collectifs urbains dans un contexte marqué, notamment, par un fort développement de l’automobile. Après analyse, on remarque que ces réalisations et outils cognitifs interviennent comme des contraintes (sous la forme de standards méthodologiques) qui orientent le travail des différents producteurs d’études. Mais, ils apparaissent aussi comme des ressources que ces acteurs mobilisent pour légitimer une expertise encore fragile et le projet de métro. Ce constat invite, selon nous, à prendre plus au sérieux les savoirs produits ou utilisés à l’échelon local dans cette période où l’on considère, bien souvent, que l’Etat central monopolise les ressources cognitives légitimes. </text>
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                <text>The paper deals with the studies carried out between 1963 and 1971 concerning Lyon’s subway. Its purpose is to understand how foreign experience and cognitive tools contributed to the creation and legitimization of local expertise in public transport in a context characterised by the rapid development of the motorcar. We demonstrate that foreign experience and cognitive tools acted as a restraint (for example methodological standards) on the studies of the local teams. But they were also at the same time a resource to legitimate a still fragile expertise and the subway project. This observation invites us to pay more attention to knowledge developed at a local level in a period where it is usually assumed that the central administration monopolized legitimate cognitive resources. </text>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/4018</text>
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                <text>government sciences</text>
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                <text>public transportation</text>
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                <text>Le rôle des expériences et méthodes étrangères dans la fabrication d’une expertise locale des transports collectifs urbains</text>
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                <text>Mazzella, Sylvie</text>
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                <text>Le fil directeur de la thèse tout au long des cinq chapitres qui la composent est l'analyse des formes d'intégration des familles maghrébines dans la dynamique de quartiers centraux à Marseille.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770286</text>
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                <text>Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS)</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>Intégration</text>
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                <text>L'enracinement urbain : Intégration sociale et dynamiques urbaines. Les familles maghrébines du centre ville de Marseille</text>
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                <text>Antoine Philippe, Mboup G. Senegal. In : Tarver J.D. (ed.), Goliber T.J. (pref.)  Urbanization in Africa : a handbook. Westport, Connecticut (USA) ; London : Greenwood Press, 1994, p. 279-297. </text>
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                <text>PROGRAMME D'AJUSTEMENT</text>
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                <text>POLITIQUE DEMOGRAPHIQUE</text>
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                <text>Urbanization in Africa : a handbook</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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                <text>Mc Breen, John</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Simulations have considerable potential for the analysis of the evolution of economics systems, a subject often neglected by mainstream economics where the focus is on static equilibria. This thesis investigates the potential of this approach in urban economics. The purpose is to examine how global phenomena emerge from the interactions of economic agents. This is a promising method as a classical economics, lacking the appropriate analytic tools, concentrates on the existence of equilibria and refrains from investigating their stability. This study demonstrates the potential of simulations in three models. Firstly, in a standard model of traffic congestion it is shown that the Nash equilibrium is unstable and cannot be reached dynamically. Secondly, it is shown that simulations of the formation of urban land rents, reproduce elements of the theoretical equilibrium, and also endogenous vacancies, which are an important real-world phenomenon. Thirdly, an agent-based model of the housing market, which reproduces important empirical phenomena such as price dispersion, non-zero search times and vacancies, has been developed. The model provides a basis for the exploration of the complex dynamics of this market.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474659</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/47/46/59/PDF/McBreen_John-TheseCorrige.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508791">
                <text>Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508792">
                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508793">
                <text>Agent-based simulations</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508794">
                <text>urban economics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508795">
                <text>urban dynamics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508796">
                <text>traffic congestion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508797">
                <text>stability</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508798">
                <text>real estate</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508799">
                <text>search markets</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508800">
                <text>Agent-based simulations in urban economics: Applications to traffic congestion and housing markets</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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            </element>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>O'Kelly, Morton. Advisor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194822">
                <text>McChesney, Ronald John</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194823">
                <text>2008</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194824">
                <text>An urban growth model is conceptualized as a metropolitan change model consisting of multiple scales: global, regional and local. The baseline model operates in a free trade environment, in a space initially without consideration of the regulatory and redistributive forces of national and state governmental levels. Space in this study is abstracted as a metropolitan envelope, which is defined to start at the beginning of the twentieth century with the emergence of the New York, London and Tokyo metropolitan systems, and expanded one hundred years later into a system of four hundred major central cities and their associated commuter hinterlands. The expectation is that this system will continue to expand in the twenty-first century, as the primary engine of global economic diffusion and development. The purpose of this research is to model economic spatial interactions that generate investment flows that in turn convert into economic activity after the construction and placement of private and public infrastructure. The global model provides a set of allocated investment flows to regions, and the regional model provides employment and residential allocations to the local model, which displays land use changes. One major goal is to test the systems ability (or not) to achieve partial convergence of per capita incomes across the set of metropolitan spaces over multiple scales. For a variety of tested scenarios, temporal convergence and rank-size rule metrics can be evaluated at multiple spatial scales.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194825">
                <text>http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1209393707</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194826">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1089</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194827">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/006c7ed22583096d7d79a41e7c3194e7.jpg</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194828">
                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194829">
                <text>Ohio State University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194830">
                <text>scale, metropolitan, land use, urban growth model, urban, population growth, spatial interaction, urban sprawl, world cities</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194831">
                <text>A three-scale metropolitan change model</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dissertation</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="528294">
                <text>Méadel, Cécile</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1999</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="528296">
                <text>La radio ne se laisse pas enfermer dans un territoire unique : dès ses premières émissions, elle se déploie dans plusieurs directions et habite des espaces à géométrie variable : l'espace de sa diffusion et celui de sa réception, qui, en vertu des frasques inattendues des ondes ne correspondent pas toujours mais aussi le territoire de ses ressources, culturelles, sociales, politiques, très fortement marqué par l'urbain... La radio s'est pourtant construite en proclamant la négation de l'espace : les ondes transcenderaient les partages de la géographie et, partant, de la société. Pourtant, le nouveau média n'a pu se développer pendant les années trente qu'en s'inscrivant fortement dans un lieu, la cité, dont il utilise toutes les ressources et dont il reprend également certaines habitudes de vie. Les émissions des dix années qui précédent la seconde guerre mondiale mêlent en effet des ressources très locales (recours aux musiciens des orchestres municipaux, aux comédiens et aux conférenciers de la ville, retransmission de spectacles locaux, utilisation de patois, reportages sur les “curiosités”, marchés et foires urbaines...) et une vocation universelle (que l'on retrouve non seulement dans les échanges nationaux ou internationaux mais aussi dans une grille essentiellement déconnectée de son lieu de production). En analysant la grille des programmes et la manière dont ils ont été imaginés, produits et mis en ondes sur les stations publiques comme privées, cet article montrera d'abord que la radio affirme sa vocation d'abolir l'espace, puis qu'elle s'inscrit fortement dans sa dimension locale et enfin que ses programmes se définissent par une tension entre le local et l'international. On pourra alors se demander en conclusion si la culture radiophonique des années trente aboutit à produire une certaine homogénéisation des savoirs et des comportements.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="528297">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00192758</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="528298">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/19/27/58/PDF/1998Radio_Local.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="528299">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="528300">
                <text>Médias et villes (XVIII°-XX° siècle)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="528301">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="528302">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>radio - espace - échelle locale - programmes</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Du local à l'universel. Les programmes de radio dans les années trente</text>
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                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
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                <text>Méadel, Cécile</text>
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                <text>Née d'un projet fédérateur de l'espace régional et national, sensible à gommer ce qui était vécu comme une rupture entre le monde des villes et le monde des champs, la radio s'est surtout développée dans le cadre urbain. Elle y a trouvé ses auditeurs, ses professionnels et ses programmes. Elle s'est construite dans les villes et s'est nourrie d'elles. Par une forme de paradoxe qui n'est qu'apparent, la radio est à la fois profondément citadine et indépendante de l'espace urbain. Dès les premières années vingt, elle est vécue comme devant transcender les différences de territoire, unifier l'espace en permettant le loisir collectif et instantané mais en même temps, elle se nourrit avant tout de l'humus culturel et économique de la ville. La radio des années trente se veut en même temps universelle et ancrée solidement dans le local. La radio des années trente est avant tout une production régionale : jusqu'à la Libération, coexistent en France une douzaine de stations privées et autant de postes publics, or la zone d'écoute de ces stations est à l'échelle de la ville d'abord et ensuite de la région. A l'exception de Radio Paris, aucun poste n'est véritablement audible sur tout le territoire et si les sans-filistes se battent pour obtenir une meilleure couverture du territoire par les émetteurs, ce n'est en aucun cas pour abolir les diversités régionales.</text>
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                <text>Citadins, Techniques et Espaces urbains, du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>espace urbain - radio - stations - accès - culture</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Radiophiles des villes et des champs</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
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                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="430804">
                <text>75</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="430805">
                <text>Medam, Alain</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1996</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430807">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_G1996_86_0015</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="430808">
                <text>fre</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="430809">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430810">
                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n86, 3, 1996-09-01, pp.15-22</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="430811">
                <text>Au film de la ville</text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="11801" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="29">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193173">
                <text>Yencken, David. Supervisor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193174">
                <text>Mees, Paul Andrew</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1997</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193176">
                <text>This study examines the reasons behind the decline in public transport patronage in Melbourne between 1950 and 1990, through a comparison with Toronto. The share of urban travel undertaken by public transport has declined since the Second World War in all developed countries, but public transport patronage in Melbourne appears to have declined more rapidly than in most other industrialised cities. Public transport has, however, gained or held ground in Toronto, where the form of development is similar in many ways to Melbourne. Most accounts of Toronto's success (particularly in Australia) regard transport/land-use integration as the critical factor. The contrasting analysis maintains that Melbourne's urban form has changed over this period to a dispersed, car-oriented pattern. This study evaluates a different interpretation of the 'Toronto model'. This is that Toronto has undergone similar urban changes to Melbourne since the war, but has found a way of operating public transport successfully in a relatively dispersed environment. The contrast with Melbourne, then, is not primarily in land-use patterns, but in policies towards the operation of public transport. The principal research objective for this study is to determine the cause of the difference in public transport performance in Melbourne and Toronto since the war, with particular attention to the role played by urban form and transport policy. The research objective is addresed by examining current patterns of, and historical trends in, urban form in the two cities, and comparing these with public transport patronage trends. The comparison reveals that land use does not show correlations with public transport patronage. Patronage does, however, correlate closely with the differing quality of public transport services in the two cities. The explanation for the contrasting patronage performances is found to lie not in urban form, but in the different policies toward public trnasport in the two cities. In Metropolitan Toronto, services have been planned and integrated by a public monopoly; policy in Melbourne has been market-driven, and based around competition and extensive private sector involvement. Toronto's centrally planned system has proven the more flexible in practice, successfully responding to the challenges of changing travel patterns and rising car ownership. While public transport operators in Melbourne have competed with one another, Metro Toronto's single operator has competed with the car.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193177">
                <text>http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1411</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193178">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/955</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193179">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/49c77854c9bc4566b7a99b0a9e88c228.jpg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193180">
                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193181">
                <text>University of Melbourne</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193182">
                <text>urban transport policy, public transport, land use, infrastructure, transport</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193183">
                <text>Public transport policy and land use in Melbourne and Toronto, 1950 to 1990</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193184">
                <text>Thesis</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508205">
                <text>Mehdi, L.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508206">
                <text>Di Pietro, Francesca</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508207">
                <text>2009</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508208">
                <text>L'EVP est un écosystème où se croisent la valeur esthétique et l'intérêt fonctionnel du végétal ; c'est également un espace d'interaction privilégié entre l'homme et la biodiversité. Cette étude cherche à lancer le débat sur l'effet des activités humaines sur la dynamique végétale dans les EVP, d'une part. Elle a tenté d'explorer la relation entre les pratiques, les représentations et l'image du sauvage, incarné par la diversité biologique urbaine, d'autre part. L'étude de la richesse, de la diversité et de la similarité de la flore urbaine a confirmé non seulement l'effet perturbateur des pratiques sur la composition floristique des pelouses urbaines, mais elle a également corroboré l'idée de l'existence d'un gradient de perturbation, de part et d'autre des chemins de fréquentation dans les pelouses. Par ailleurs l'analyse des pratiques et des représentations des usagers, qui relient l'individu au végétal, a contribué à mettre en lumière la question des usages des EVP en relation au gradient urbain. Elle a aussi confirmé l'importance attribuée par les usagers à la présence de l'espace sauvage dans les EVP (68 % des interrogés le préfèrent à l'espace jardiné). La prise en compte des interactions entre usagers et dynamiques floristiques ne devrait plus être ignorée 14/17 dans la conception et surtout dans la gestion des EVP. Ces interactions constituent un champ de recherche qui attend toujours la mobilisation d'une communauté scientifique (écologues, géographes, sociologues, urbanistes, etc.) dotée d'une vision pluridisciplinaire (Clergeau, 2007 ; Bagouet et Clergeau, 2008).</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508209">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00482045</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508210">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/20/45/PDF/Mehdi_Di_Pietro_2009_projet_de_paysage.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508211">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508212">
                <text>Projet de Paysage</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="508213">
                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508214">
                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508215">
                <text>[SHS:ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="508216">
                <text>espace vert public</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508217">
                <text>biodiversité</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508218">
                <text>L'espace vert public, lieu d'interactions entre société et biodiversité</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="508219">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="29983" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="43">
      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474241">
                <text>Montréal</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474242">
                <text>Canada</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474243">
                <text>Mehouachi, Chahira</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474244">
                <text>Perret, Véronique</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013-07-03</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>There are many calls for further investigation of the underlying processes, practices and specificities of governance when economic exchanges are organized within networks. Through an examination of what governance involves and how it occurs in two clusters specialized in digital and video game industries, our multi-method study provides useful insights in the finalities and purposes of governance in an inter-organizational and collaborative context, the main tools and mechanisms that are being used and the structures supporting network governance. Our findings shed also light upon the processual nature of governance in networks contexts. Governance is a set of processes, or a "meta-process", that are geared toward the (1) creation, the maintenance and the evolution of a set of common interests, (2) the design of a adapted architecture of rights and obligations and (3) the crafting of different mechanisms of coordination and control. These processes aim also to adapt the structure of governance continually to the frequent changes in the network attributes. We coin this process of governance functioning, evolution and continuous (re) actualization as governance work and argue for a new perspective about network governance.</text>
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                <text>29th EGOS Colloquium Sub-theme 14 Organizational Network Research: Bridging and Bridges in Organizational Networks</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration</text>
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                <text>network governance</text>
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                <text>interorganizational networks</text>
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                <text>video game industry</text>
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                <text>creative industries</text>
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                <text>Governance work in inter-organizational networks: driving processes and structures</text>
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                <text>Meigneux, Guillaume</text>
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                <text>La réhabilitation de la tour Bois-le-Prêtre à Paris préfigure une nouvelle manière d'aborder le parc des logements sociaux hérités des années 60 en France. Au delà de la pertinence de la démarche des architectes Druot, Lacaton et Vassal, le projet sous entend une situation inédite : celle d'un chantier de rénovation de grande ampleur réalisé dans une tour encore occupée par ses habitants. Il ne s'agit donc plus ici de transformer un espace seul, mais d'intervenir sur un espace habité, occupé depuis plusieurs décennies, rempli de vie et d'histoires. C'est sur cette relation entre un espace en mutation et son impact sur le quotidien de ses habitants que repose le documentaire Habitations Légèrement Modifiées. Cet article propose de décrire les étapes de conception de ce film afin d'identifier les procédés à l'œuvre dans la représentation filmique d'une architecture et d'interroger non pas le film en tant que tel, mais les différentes strates de représentation nécessaires à sa conception.</text>
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                <text>Cahiers thématiques</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history</text>
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                <text>architecture cinéma représentation lacaton vassal</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Habitations Légèrement Modifiées</text>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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                <text>Meireles, Antonio Jeovah de Andrade</text>
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                <text>Pour définir les impacts environnementaux associés à l'occupation humaine dans des secteurs caractérisés par l'apport de sédiments (bypass) sur la plage, via des champ de dunes et l’estuaire, ont été réalisées des études géo-environnementales dans la plaine côtière du Caponga, en y incluant un promontoire, une bande littorale et l’embouchure du canal estuarien de même nom. Les résultats ont été représentés dans des modèles évolutifs, intégrés à partir de la définition des flux de matière et d'énergie qui transitent dans la zone côtière. Les conséquences de l'expansion urbaine sur le promontoire, les dunes, la plage et le canal estuarien ont été caractérisées afin de définir des mesures adaptées de planification et de gestion. </text>
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                <text>Environmental impacts caused by the occupation of areas regulating the sand input to the coast line in the coastal plain of Caponga, Cascavel town, East Coast of Ceará. To determine the environmental impacts related to human occupation in areas characterized by the input of sediments (bypass) to the coastal line, through dunes and estuary, we carried out geoenvironmental studies in the coastal plain of Caponga. They included sections represented by a headland, coastal line and river mouth of the estuarine channel of Caponga. The results were represented in integrated evolutionary models based on the definition of flows of matter and energy that occur in the coastal area. The effects of urban expansion on the headland, dunes, shore and estuarine channel were characterized so as to define adequate measures of planning and management.  </text>
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                <text>Para definir os impactos ambientais associados à ocupação humana em áreas caracterizadas pelo aporte de sedimentos (bypass) para a faixa de praia, via campo de dunas e estuário, foram realizados estudos geoambientais na planície costeira da Caponga, abrangendo setores representados por um promontório, faixa litorânea e desembocadura do canal estuarino de mesmo nome. Os resultados foram representados em modelos evolutivos, integrados a partir da definição dos fluxos de matéria e energia que transitam na zona costeira. As conseqüências da expansão urbana sobre o promontório, dunas, praia e canal estuarino foram caracterizadas de modo a definir medias adequadas de planejamento e gestão. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/2423</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.2423</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>coast dynamics</text>
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                <text>coast erosion</text>
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                <text>coast management.</text>
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                <text>Cascavel</text>
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                <text>Rio Caponga</text>
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                <text>érosion côtière</text>
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                <text>évolution géomorphologique</text>
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                <text>gestion côtière.</text>
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                <text>dinâmica litorânea</text>
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                <text>erosão costeira</text>
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                <text>evolução geomorfológica</text>
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                <text>gestão costeira.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563047">
                <text>Impactos ambientais decorrentes da ocupação de áreas reguladoras do aporte de areia: a planície Costeira da Caponga, município de Cascavel, litoral leste cearense.</text>
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                <text>28</text>
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                <text>Meissonnier, Joël</text>
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                <text>
  
  Comment le marchand ambulant parvient-il à faire sa place dans l'espace urbain stambouliote ? Le temps de l'itinérance succède au temps du stationnement au gré des heures du jour, de l'affluence des lieux ou de la saison? De notre point de vue, déplacements et haltes sont des clés de compréhension de stratégies territoriales. Cette contribution montre, sur la base d'une enquête qualitative de terrain à Istanbul, que des logiques spatio-temporelles régissent la fréquentation des lieux urbains par les vendeurs ambulants. Dans quelle mesure sont-elles explicatives de la teneur des liens sociaux ? Nous construisons une typologie des marchands dans le but de décrire la prégnance d'une relation complexe entre niveau de mobilité spatiale et niveau de légitimité sociale : on peut tirer parti du déplacement pour accroître une légitimité sociale et de l'arrêt pour l'asseoir ; on peut tirer parti de l'arrêt pour accroître l'anonymat et du déplacement pour fuir la répression.
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés,  127, 4, 2007-02-15, pp.145-163</text>
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                <text>mobilité</text>
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                <text> marchand ambulant</text>
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                <text>Territoires commerciaux des vendeurs ambulants à Istanbul</text>
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                <text>HUBERT, Jean Paul</text>
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                <text>MADRE, Jean Loup</text>
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                <text>Les déplacements des actifs, élèves ou étudiants quittant leur lieu de travail ou d'études pour déjeuner au domicile sont soumis à de fortes contraintes d'horaire et de distance, ainsi qu'à des arbitrages multiples au sein des ménages. L'évolution de cette pratique a aussi influencé fortement les indicateurs statistiques de la mobilité. En 1974, les déplacements réguliers lors de la pause méridienne représentaient 12% du total des déplacements réalisés par les Français et seulement 5% en 2008. La pratique du retour à midi pendant une journée de travail ou d'étude a décru à la même vitesse chez les actifs occupés et leurs enfants scolarisés. La féminisation de l'emploi et l'éloignement croissant des domiciles et des lieux de travail ou d'étude sont des causes importantes de cette disparition, mais celle-ci progresse plus vite que ces facteurs causaux. Ces déplacements méridiens sont néanmoins encore fréquents hors de la Région parisienne, même dans les grandes agglomérations. Ils concernent encore en 2008, 26% de toutes les personnes se déplaçant pendant un jour de semaine. Ce changement de comportement des actifs, élèves et étudiants explique 85% de la variation, observée pendant 34 ans, du nombre de déplacements par jour de semaine, de l'ensemble de la population. Il devrait encore faire baisser l'indicateur de 0,04 à 0,06 déplacements par jour de 2008 à 2020. C'est aussi un facteur qui a stabilisé le temps passé quotidiennement en transport, en moyenne nationale. On observe néanmoins dans l'agglomération parisienne et, plus récemment, les principales métropoles régionales une autre baisse de la mobilité qui concerne des déplacements de plus longue portée et à d'autres tranches horaires.</text>
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                <text>La pause méridienne : un facteur clé de l'évolution de la mobilité en France depuis 35 ans</text>
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                <text>L'opposition caricaturale entre la mobilité, apanage des " grands " et l'assignation à résidence, imposée aux " petits "15 doit être définitivement dépassée. Désormais, à en juger par la diversité des impératifs de déplacement de la vie quotidienne, que l'on soit riche ou pauvre, savoir et pouvoir se déplacer sont devenus les conditions quasi-incontournables de l'insertion sociale. Alors qu'ancrage et lenteur ne caractérisent plus guère les systèmes de valeur contemporains, certains auteurs parlent d'injonction à la mobilité qui s'inscrirait dans le cadre d'une idéologie mobilitaire dominante [Montulet, Mincke, 2010]. S'il est entendu que des contraintes de mobilité pèsent sur chacun d'entre nous, les réponses que l'on y apporte sont variables d'un individu à l'autre car les possibilités et aptitudes à se déplacer ne sont pas les mêmes. Sans chercher à nous positionner dans le débat théorique sur le statut de la motilité [Kaufmann, 2004] comme nouvelle forme de " capital " ou pas, nous prendrons pour acquis les récents développements démontrant que la potentialité à être mobile est inégalement répartie dans l'espace social. Et avec Alain Bourdin [cité par Fol, 2009], nous soutenons que lorsque les individus les plus précaires mobilisent leur enracinement et leur réseaux locaux comme des ressources, c'est parce qu'ils n'ont pas d'autre choix. D'après l'auteur, il est inutile de " béer d'admiration " face à ces stratégies. Il serait plus utile de réfléchir " aux manques, faiblesses et souffrances " dont elles sont l'expression et à la manière d'aider les individus concernés à affronter la mobilité généralisée " plutôt que de se trouver enfermés dans l'échec, la rancoeur ou la terreur ". S'inscrivant dans cette ambition pragmatique, notre contribution aura une visée prospective. Partant de la spécificité des comportements et besoins de déplacement de populations précaires enquêtées dans le cadre du suivi d'un Plan de Rénovation Urbaine (à Tourcoing), nous soulignerons la permanence de pratiques informelles de covoiturage. Nous montrerons que, dans une certaine mesure, la perspective d'une montée en charge du covoiturage dynamique peut constituer une réponse appropriée pour accroître leur motilité. Dans quelle mesure l'émergence du covoiturage dynamique participerait-elle à un accès plus équitable aux ressources urbaines ?</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00626544</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/62/65/44/PDF/Meissonnier-MSFS2011.pdf</text>
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                <text>Mobilités spatiales et ressources métropolitaines : l'accessibilité en questions / 11ème colloque du groupe de travail "Mobilités Spatiales et Fluidité Sociale" de l'AISLF</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Tourcoing</text>
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                <text>ANRU</text>
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                <text>déplacements quotidiens</text>
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                <text>mobilité</text>
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                <text>enquête qualitative</text>
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                <text>covoiturage</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Pour un accès aux ressources urbaines plus équitables : la piste du covoiturage dynamique sur le territoire d'un PRU</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Ritchot, Gilles. Directeur de thèse</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Melançon, Yves</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1997</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Cette thèse est une réflexion géographique sur l'aménagement des deux grands parcs de la ville de Québec, le Parc des Champs-de-Bataille et le parc Victoria, ainsi que sur le développement de la ville au tournant du siècle dernier. Les raisons historiques et hygiéniques généralement invoquées ne suffisent pas a comprendre pleinement leur aménagement. En recourant aux concepts de la géographie structurale, la thèse examine comment ces parcs procèdent d'une valorisation objectivement politique et comment, à l'échelle globale de la ville, ils externalisent une structuration morphologique de l'espace géographique susceptible de favoriser ou non les conditions de leur réalisation.</text>
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                <text>http://amicus.collectionscanada.ca/s4-bin/Main/ItemDisplay?l=1&amp;l_ef_l=0&amp;id=960253.1252203&amp;v=1&amp;lvl=2&amp;coll=19&amp;rt=1&amp;itm=19349723&amp;rsn=S_WWWmfah3oEnM&amp;all=1&amp;dt=+MC+|ville|&amp;spi=-&amp;rp=6&amp;vo=1</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190260">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/76</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Fr</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Université Laval - Québec</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190264">
                <text>parc, aménagement, espace vert, faubourg, géographie structurale, quartier</text>
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                <text>Géographie</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>L'aménagement des parcs des Champs-de-Bataille et Victoria à Québec : une hypothèse structurale</text>
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                <text>Thèse</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Melara, Eliane</text>
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                <text>Violence and criminality are wide themes and, according to the approach used, can be explained in different ways. In this work the subject of criminal violence was prioritized, with attention to the mapping of information. Our intention in this analysis was to problematize the differentiated distribution of criminal occurrences in the urban space of a middle sized city in the South of Brazil - Santa Maria, focusing on how the different crime types are distributed around the neighborhoods of the city, considering socio-economic characteristics. Methodologically, we have used the mapping of data provided by IBGE and information about criminal occurrences obtained from the military brigade of Rio Grande do Sul State. We have also made use of reports from diverse participants in the city, as their positioning was important to help us understand the dynamics of criminal violence. Our results indicate that the criminal occurrences related to drug traffic concentrate in an area where the levels of income and education are low.  However, many drug dealers and consumers are residents of other parts of the city and are characterized by belonging to different social classes, even if this information does not appear very frequently in the statistics. Moreover, we have observed that, departing from this type of crime, others also occur, such as robberies, thefts, and assaults. We have also verified that crimes against the person, in a general way, are distributed differentially from crimes against property; and that in many cases this differentiation may be related to social, economic and urban infrastructure factors of the neighborhood. It is important to add that the occurrence of some crime types has followed specific patterns. Thus, in this study, there was a need to question: the data sources researched, the reason for the differentiated occurrence of crimes in the neighborhoods, possible victims and aggressors, why some crimes had bigger visibility than others, what is the relationship with the social inequalities, what is the analysis about white-collar crimes, etc. Finally, with this article, we aimed at contributing to the study of the types of violence that cover the Brazilian middle cities, through one of the many ways in which it is possible to think about this subject in the urban space. </text>
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                <text>Violência e criminalidade são temáticas abrangentes e, de acordo com a abordagem utilizada, podem ser explicadas sob diferentes vieses. Neste trabalho foi priorizado o que se denominou de violência criminal, com enfoque no mapeamento de informações. Nosso intuitofoiproblematizar a espacialização diferenciada das ocorrências criminais no espaço urbano de uma cidade média no sul do Brasil - Santa Maria, focando como os diferentes tipos de crimes estão distribuídos pelos bairros da cidade, considerando características socioeconômicas nesta análise. Metodologicamente, utilizamos o mapeamento dos dados fornecidos pelo IBGE e aqueles provenientes das ocorrências criminais obtidos junto à brigada militar do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Fizemos uso também de relatos de diversos atores da cidade, uma vez que seus posicionamentos foram importantes para ajudar a entender a dinâmica da violência criminal na cidade. Nossos resultados apontam que as ocorrências criminais relacionadas ao tráfico de drogas concentram-se numa área onde os níveis de renda e instrução são baixos, porém muitos traficantes e consumidores são residentes de outras partes da cidade e caracterizados por pertencer a diferentes classes sociais, embora essas informações não apareçam com frequência nas estatísticas. Além disso, observamos que, a partir desse tipo de crime, ocorrem outros, como: roubos, furtos e agressões. Verificamos também que os crimes contra a pessoa, de modo geral, distribuem-se diferentemente dos crimes contra o patrimônio, e que em muitos casos essa diferenciação pode estar relacionada a fatores sociais, econômicos e de infraestutura urbana do bairro. É importante acrescentar que a ocorrência de alguns tipos de crimes seguiu padrões específicos. Assim, nesse estudo, foi preciso questionar as fontes de dados pesquisadas, o porquê da ocorrência diferenciada dos crimes nos bairros, possíveis vítimas e agressores, por que alguns crimes tiveram maior visibilidade que outros, qual a relação com as desigualdades sociais, qual a análise sobre os crimes do colarinho branco etc. Por fim, com esse artigo, objetivamos contribuir com o estudo das violências que incidem sobre as cidades médias brasileiras, através de um dos inúmeros caminhos em que é possível pensar esse assunto no espaço urbano. La violence et la criminalité sont des thèmes globaux et, selon l'approche utilisée, peuventt être expliquées sous différents biais. Dans ce travail on priorise ce qu'on a appelé violence criminelle, en se concentrant sur la cartographie d´informations. Notre but c´est discuter la spécialisation différenciée des occurences criminelles dans l´espace urbain de Santa Maria, une ville moyenne au sud du Brésil, se concentrant sur la façon dont différents types de crimes sont distribués dans les différents quartiers de la ville, considérant aussi des caractéristiques socioéconomiques dans cette analyse. Méthodologiquement, nous avons utilisé la cartographie des données de l'IBGE et celles tirées des événements criminels obtenus à partir de la Brigade militaire de Rio Grande do Sul. Nous avons également utilisé les rapports de plusieurs acteurs de la ville, car leurs positions étaient importantes pour aider à comprendre la dynamique de la violence dans la ville. Nos résultats indiquent que les événements criminels liés au trafic de drogue sont concentrés dans une région où les revenus et les niveaux d'éducation sont bas, cependant de nombreux traficants et consommateurs résident d'autres parties de la ville et  appartiennent à des différentes classes sociales, bien que ces informations ne figurent pas très souvent dans les statistiques. En outre, nous avons noté qu´à partir de ce type de crime, d'autres se produisent, tels que les cambriolages, les vols et les agressions. Nous avons également constaté que les crimes contre la personne, en général, sont répartis différemment des crimes contre le patrimoine, et que, dans de nombreux cas, cette différence peut être liée aux facteurs sociaux, économiques et d´infrastructure urbaine du quartier. Il est à noter que l'occurence de certains types de crimes a suivi des modèles spécifiques. Ainsi, dans cette étude, il a fallu remettre en question les sources de données recherchées, la raison de la présence différentielle des crimes dans les quartiers, des possibles victimes et agresseurs, pourquoi certains crimes sont plus visibles que d'autres, quel est le rapport avec les inégalités sociales, quelle est l'analyse sur la criminalité des cadres, etc. Enfin, avec cet article, nous pensons contribuer à l'étude des violences qui se concentrent sur les villes moyennes au Brésil, à travers une des nombreuses voies qui rendent possible de penser à cette affaire dans l'espace urbain. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7477</text>
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