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                <text>Marquis, Peter</text>
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                <text>Le base-ball joua dès la fin du 19ème siécle un rôle prépondérant dans la formation des cultures urbaines aux Etats-Unis. Les Dodgers, équipe professionnelle de Brooklyn, gigantesque circonscription (borough) de New York, offrent une illustration exemplaire de cette interaction rarement étudiée entre identités urbaines, passion populaire pour le sport et histoire des entreprises de loisirs. De leur naissance en 1883 à leur délocalisation vers Los Angeles en 1957, les Dodgers s'imposèrent comme club de Brooklyn (home-team) au point que ces deux entités formaient pour beaucoup les deux faces d'une même médaille identitaire. Le club revendiqua des caractéristiques locales et la ville l'associa, particulièrement à travers son éloge du monumental stade Ebbets Field, à un « esprit de Brooklyn » imaginé à la fois bien-pensant, gouailleur, ouvrier et multiethnique. Cette thèse se propose d'étudier les mécanismes sociohistoriques présidant à la construction de cette homologie entre ville et club en insistant sur le poids de la longue durée et sur les complexes dispositifs identificatoires propres au jeu et au spectacle sportifs. D'aucune manière le fruit d'une immanence essentielle, la relation ville/club résulta d'une construction lente et incertaine, alimentée tantôt « par le haut » (les dirigeants, la presse, les notables locaux), tantôt « par le bas » (le public, les joueurs, les Brooklynois). Matrice narrative, le club offrait un vaste répertoire d'identités cohérentes qui le rendait fédérateur pour un très grand nombre de Brooklynois et lui permettait d'influer, hors de la sphère sportive stricto sensu, sur les grands thèmes de son temps, comme le progressisme, la formation de la jeunesse, la lutte anti-communiste, le maintien de rapports de genre asymétriques ou la mise à l'écart des Africains-Américains.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467869</text>
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                <text>Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS)</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Architecture - stade</text>
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                <text>Brooklyn (New York</text>
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                <text>Brooklyn et "ses" Dodgers. Base-ball et construction des identités urbaines aux Etats-Unis, une sociohistoire (1883-1957)</text>
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                <text>Marry, Solène</text>
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                <text>Delabarre, Muriel</text>
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                <text>Du point de vue de la requalification de la ville contemporaine, le sensible peut être considéré comme un opérateur de formes nouvelles d'urbanité et questionne à ce titre les différents modes d'intervention sur la ville. Il s'agit donc de se focaliser sur une logique d'action sur la ville par le sensible. La connaissance fine d'un espace passe par celle de ses ambiances sonores, révélatrices de pratiques individuelles et collectives. Ces ambiances socialisantes (ou a-socialisantes) de l'espace public sont le propre de l'urbanité. Formes spatiales et formes sociales s'y rencontrent. C'est d'ailleurs là que réside l'intérêt de la recherche amorcée : les méthodes développées en faveur de la perception sonore de l'espace public questionnent des dimensions de l'environnement (son, lumière, visibilité, objets saisis au niveau sensoriel et physique), du milieu (interactions, échanges, sociaux) et du paysage (formes saisies au plan esthétique). L'article s'attache à démontrer l'importance de la place de la nature en ville et, plus particulièrement, celle du végétal, comme facteur déterminant dans l'évaluation spatiale mais aussi la perception sonore du lieu à travers trois places grenobloises. De ce fait, la transformation de la connaissance et de la perception sonore des sites expérimentaux choisis émerge conjointement avec l'apparition de nouvelles pratiques et de nouvelles représentations sociales.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00756777</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.4000/vertigo.10874</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/75/67/77/PDF/vertigo-10874-volume-11-numero-1-naturalite-urbaine-l-impact-du-vegetal-sur-la-perception-sonore-dans-les-espaces-publics.pdf</text>
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                <text>VertigO - la revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement [En ligne]</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>nature</text>
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                <text>végétal</text>
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                <text>espace public</text>
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                <text>urbanité</text>
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                <text>Naturalité urbaine : l'impact du végétal sur la perception sonore dans les espaces publics</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Marry, Solene</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>La particularité et l'enjeu du sujet de recherche résident dans la confrontation entre vision urbanistique de l'espace public, approche physique de la mesure acoustique et prise en compte de la perception de l'environnement sonore. Notre étude de l'évaluation d'ambiances sonores urbaines a pour terrain plusieurs espaces publics. Nous problématisons notre réflexion autour de l'appréhension de la perception sonore et de son évaluation en vue d'en souligner certains paramètres influents. La méthodologie est élaborée dans le but de coupler données perceptives et mesures physiques. Ainsi, une première étape d'enquête in situ aboutit à un corpus composé de 174 questionnaires, 513 photographies et 18 entretiens non directifs de groupe. Puis des mesures acoustiques sont pratiquées aux mêmes temporalités. Enfin, une seconde étape d'entretiens individuels approfondis menés avec les 29 participants est complétée par la réalisation de 145 cartes mentales sonores. Cette méthodologie multi-facettes permet de déterminer l'influence de divers paramètres tels que la présence humaine, la naturalité, la minéralité, la saisonnalité et les formes urbaines sur l'évaluation spatiale et sonore au sein d'espaces publics.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651472</text>
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                <text>2011GRENH008</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/65/14/72/PDF/30162_MARRY_2011_archivage.pdf</text>
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                <text>Université de Grenoble</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Ambiance sonore</text>
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                <text>Espace public</text>
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                <text>Perception</text>
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                <text>Évaluation spatiale</text>
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                <text>Cartes mentales sonores</text>
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                <text>L'espace public sonore ordinaire : les paramètres de la perception sonore dans les espaces publics : contribution à une connaissance de l'ambiance sonore.</text>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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                <text>Lyon</text>
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                <text>Marry, Solène</text>
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                <text>Baulac, Marine</text>
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                <text>Marchand, Dorothée</text>
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                <text>Defrance, Jérôme</text>
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                <text>Ramalho, Olivier</text>
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                <text>De Oliveira, Fabrice</text>
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                <text>Savina, Yannick</text>
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                <text>Le contexte actuel de la ville durable vise, entre autres, à améliorer la qualité de vie des citadins. Le travail présenté ici propose une approche multicritères afin d'évaluer le confort en milieu urbain. Plusieurs thématiques sont prises en compte dans cette méthodologie pluridisciplinaire : l'acoustique, l'éclairage, l'aérothermie, la qualité de l'air, les odeurs, l'esthétique, la dimension sociale et l'aménagement urbain. Il s'agit, à partir à la fois d'expérimentations et de simulations, de confronter plusieurs paramètres afin d'avoir une évaluation globale du confort du citadin dans un lieu de vie extérieur. Les expérimentations sont d'une part physiques (mesures de niveaux de bruit, d'éclairement, ...) et d'autre part psychosociales (enquêtes in-situ, enquête sur les représentations sociales, ...). Ces différents paramètres sont confrontés et comparés sur deux espaces publics pour évaluer les déterminants du confort du citadin. Le protocole d'évaluation porte en effet sur deux espaces urbains (deux places publiques en Ile-de-France). Cette étude fait ressortir des critères de confort, susceptibles d'être appliqués à d'autres espaces publics urbains.</text>
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                <text>La particularité et l'enjeu du sujet de recherche présenté résident dans la confrontation entre vision urbanistique de l'espace public, approche physique de la mesure acoustique et prise en compte de la perception de l'environnement sonore. L'espace perçu a beaucoup été utilisé en géographie de la perception. Dans ce domaine, les recherches permettent d'évaluer la manière dont la perception de l'environnement chez l'individu influence et explique ses comportements. La perception peut être caractérisée comme " un savoir à la fois connaissant et sensible " [Buytendijk, 1958]. Les caractéristiques acoustiques (niveau sonore, nombre d'évènements...) sont un des paramètres influant la perception sonore. La tentation première de focaliser la perception sonore sur des caractéristiques acoustiques est légitime, mais nous avons vu que la mesure physique d'un son ne suffit pas à expliquer les perceptions qui en découlent. Quels agents en présence, qu'ils soient externes ou internes au sujet percevant, agissent donc, parallèlement aux données acoustiques, sur les mécanismes de perception sonore dans les espaces publics ? Ce questionnement a guidé nos investigations. Notre réflexion sur l'évaluation d'ambiances sonores urbaines aura pour terrain plusieurs espaces publics. Le questionnement sur lequel nous problématisons notre réflexion porte sur la manière d'appréhender la perception sonore et d'en souligner les paramètres influents. La méthodologie est élaborée dans le but de coupler données perceptives et mesures physiques. Ainsi, des entretiens collectifs in situ sont élaborés et aboutissent à un corpus composé de 174 questionnaires, 513 photographies et 18 entretiens non directifs de groupe. Puis des mesures acoustiques sont pratiquées aux mêmes temporalités. Enfin, un entretien individuel in vitro et approfondi a lieu avec chacun des 29 participants. Ainsi, écrit, oral, mesures, pictural, graphique et linguistique font partie de cette méthodologie multi-facettes dont les résultats permettent de déterminer l'influence sur l'évaluation sonore du végétal et de la forme urbaine notamment.</text>
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                <text>Our study, which is based on a qualitative survey, attempts to understand everyday sound perception in urban public spaces. Parameters influencing sound perception are investigated. The elaboration of a complex methodological protocal allows us to match qualitative and quantitative data (questionnaires, focus groups, pictures, acoustic measurements, interviews, sonic mind maps). The results presented in the paper illustrate the importance of sonic perception in the evaluation of urban ambiances.</text>
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                <text>This paper explains our attempt to capture inner coherence of urban shapes and morphologies, by fractal analysis of 2D_ textures (top view + height) of real and synthetic city maps. The basic ideas lean on autosimilarity detection, fractal coding of regions, and processing with Iterated Function Systems (IFS). We introduce a genetic-like approach, allowing interpolation, alteration and fusion of different urban models, and leading to global or local synthesis of new shapes. Finally, a 3D reconstruction tool has been developed for converting textures to volumes in VRML, simplified enough for real time wanderings, and enhanced by some automatically generated garbage dump and decorated elements. Programs and graphic interface are developed with C++ and QT libraries</text>
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                <text>, aménagement urbain, military, militaire, ville en guerre, forme urbaine, histoire urbaine, histoire de l'urbanisme, espace urbain, représentations, Europe, histoire de l'architecture, Pollak Martha</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Between 1550 and 1700, artillery siege warfare transformed the European city, which was theorized, fortified, violated, rebuilt, and celebrated by leading artists and architects. The fortified perimeter, with its regular bastions, redefined the identity of the early modern city. Military planning also generated new forms of urban spaces, such as the orderly grid, the tree-lined avenue, the great central square dominated by triumphal sculpture, and the greenbelt that provided clear boundaries and controlled viewpoints. In Cities at War in Early Modern Europe, Martha Pollak offers a pan-European, richly illustrated study of early modern military urbanism, an international style of urban design characterized by uniformity, geometrical clarity, architectural economy, and unadorned monumentality. Pollak examines this new urbanism as visualized by engravers, painters, and cartographers in accurate plans and powerful panoramic views. Her comparative, transnational study ranges from Britain to the Ottoman Empire, and from Malta to Scandinavia, and focuses on major centers &amp;ndash; Naples, Paris, Antwerp, Stockholm--and &amp;ldquo;fortress cities&amp;rdquo; such as Valletta and Palmanova, which are still defined by their immense, geometrically perfect fortifications.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Martha Pollak&lt;/b&gt; is Professor of Architectural History at the University of Illinois in Chicago.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Nous proposons une analyse des images de l'espace urbain à travers quelques textes économiques. Pour ce faire, nous prendrons comme point de départ la configuration réelle, telle que peuvent nous la laisser supposer les documents de l'époque et nous essaierons, en comparant la réalité aux projets économiques, de voir dans quelle mesure ces projets essaient d'envisager un changement du paysage urbain. Nous nous interrogerons, pour finir, sur la portée politique et sociale des réformes proposées.</text>
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                <text>Paysages urbains, XVIe-XXe siècle</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Espace urbain</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>De la ville réelle à la ville rêvée: Espaces urbains dans l'Espagne de la fin du XVIIIe siècle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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                <text>La novela educativa de Pedro Montengón Eusebio publicada en 1788 propone una etapa parisina. Proponemos aquí estudiar las imágenes de la capital francesa a partir de tres perspectivas: la topografía, la funcionalidad novelesca y las referencias intertextuales</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00567799</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/56/77/99/PDF/MontengA_n_SHF_28A_CongrA_s.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>París y el mundo ibérico e iberoamericano</text>
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                <text>París y el mundo ibérico e iberoamericano</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature</text>
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                <text>Espacio narrativo</text>
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                <text>siglo XVIII</text>
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                <text>literatura española</text>
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                <text>París, ciudad etapa de un viaje educativo. Las imágenes de la capital francesa en Eusebio (1788) de Pedro Montengón</text>
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                <text>Théâtre, public, société, Actes du III Colloque International de Théâtre (Perpignan octobre 1996)</text>
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                <text>Théâtre, public, société</text>
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                <text>Théâtre</text>
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                <text>XVIIIe siècle</text>
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                <text>Espacio teatral y sociedad, ciudad y aldea en los sainetes de J.R. de la Cruz</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Résumé de thèse</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/67/37/PDF/Resume_these_5_pages.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>100</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n60, 1, 1990-03-01, pp.107-124</text>
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                <text>Socialisation et scientificité de la critique architecturale</text>
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                <text>Le joggeur urbain</text>
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La formation des chômeurs joue un rôle important dans la politique de l'emploi au Royaume-Uni. Le programme de Formation à l'Emploi, initié en 1988 était particulièrement significatif lors de la dernière récession. Il visait à améliorer les qualifications des chômeurs de plus de 6 mois, à leur fournir des stages intéressants et à augmenter leurs chances d'emploi. Les résultats d'entrevues approfondies avec de jeunes participants blancs, tant dans une région prospère (Cambridge) que dans une zone en déclin (Sheffield), suggèrent que les effets du programme de formation sont généralement très faibles. Une grande partie des participants au programme étaient redevenus chômeurs sans avoir bénéficié d'une bonne expérience. A long terme, la participation au programme peut même entraîner des désavantages car elle accentue les ruptures dans le cursus professionnel des individus et beaucoup d'employeurs pénalisent ceux qui en ont bénéficié. Ainsi, une accentuation de la marginalité pourrait bien être le résultat des programmes de formation gouvernementaux.</text>
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                <text>Training for the unemployed has played an important role in recent labour market policies in the United Kingdom. The Employment Training programme, introduced in 1988, has been of particular significance during the recent recession. This program aimed to improve the skills of those who had been out of work for 6 months or more, to provide them with relevant work placements, and to enhance their employability. Evidence presented here, from in-depth interviews carried out with young white male training program participants in both a buoyant (Cambridge) and a depressed (Sheffield) labour market, suggest that the outcomes of the training were generally very poor. High proportions of those on the programme returned to unemployment, having had poor experiences of training. In the long term, participation in a scheme may be disadvantageous since it increases the fragmentation of an individual's labour market history, and many employers stigmatise those who have been on a scheme. A significant outcome of government training schemes may actually be the accentuation of the marginality of those involved.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Tomography is a method of exploring a phenomenon through a large number of examples or perspectives. In medical tomography, such as a CAT scan, two-dimensional slices or images of a three-dimensional organ are used to envision the organ itself. Urban tomography applies the same approach to the study of city life. To appreciate different aspects of a community, from infrastructure to work to worship, urban planning expert Martin H. Krieger scans the myriad sights and sounds of contemporary Los Angeles. He examines these slices of life in Urban Tomographies.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The book begins by introducing tomographic methods and the principles behind them, which are taken from phenomenological philosophy. It draws from the examples of Lee Friedlander and Walker Evans, as well as Denis Diderot, Charles Marville, and Eug&amp;egrave;ne Atget, who documented the many facets of Paris life in three crucial periods. Rather than focus on singular, extraordinary figures and events as do most documentarians, Krieger looks instead at the typical, presenting multiple specific images that call attention to people and activities usually rendered invisible by commonality. He took tens of thousands of photographs of industrial sites, markets, electrical distributing stations, and storefront churches throughout Los Angeles. He also recorded the city's ambient sounds, from the calls of a tamale vendor to the buzz of a workshop saw. Krieger considers these samples from the urban sensorium in this innovative volume, resulting in a thoughtful illumination of the interplay of people with and within the built environment. With numerous maps and photographs, as well as Krieger's unique insights, Urban Tomographies provides an unusually representative and rounded view of the city.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Martin H. Krieger&lt;/b&gt; is Professor of Planning at the University of Southern California's School of Policy, Planning, and Development.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>, environnement urbain, d&amp;eacute;chets, service public, histoire urbaine, hygi&amp;eacute;nisme, insalubrit&amp;eacute;, histoire urbaine, &amp;Eacute;tats-Unis, United States, twentieth century, vingti&amp;egrave;me si&amp;egrave;cle, Melosi Martin V., gestion des d&amp;eacute;chets</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp; As recently as the 1880s, most American cities had no effective means of collecting and removing the mountains of garbage, refuse, and manure-over a thousand tons a day in New York City alone-that clogged streets and overwhelmed the senses of residents. In his landmark study, Garbage in the Cities, Martin Melosi offered the first history of efforts begun in the Progressive Era to clean up this mess. Since it was first published, Garbage in the Cities has remained one of the best historical treatments of the subject. This thoroughly revised and updated edition includes two new chapters that expand the discussion of developments since World War I. It also offers a discussion of the reception of the first edition, and an examination of the ways solid waste management has become more federally regulated in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Melosi traces the rise of sanitation engineering, accurately describes the scope and changing nature of the refuse problem in U.S. cities, reveals the sometimes hidden connections between industrialization and pollution, and discusses the social agendas behind many early cleanliness programs. Absolutely essential reading for historians, policy analysts, and sociologists, Garbage in the Cities offers a vibrant and insightful analysis of this fascinating topic. &amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Contents:&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp; Preface Introduction 1. Out of sight, out of mind: The refuse problem in the late nineteenth century 2. The "apostle of cleanliness" and the origins of refuse management 3. Refuse as an engineering problem: Municipal reform 4. Refuse as an aesthetic problem: Voluntary citizens' organizations and sanitation 5. Street-cleaning practices in the early twentieth century 6. Collection and disposal practices in the early twentieth century 7. Solid waste as pollution in twentieth-century America 8. The garbage crisis in the late twentieth century Conclusion &amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Martin V. Melosi &lt;/strong&gt;is Distinguished University Professor of History at the University of Houston.</text>
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                <text>Ouvrage</text>
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                <text>http://www.upress.pitt.edu/BookDetails.aspx?bookId=35520</text>
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