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                  <text>Histoire urbaine</text>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Société française d'histoire urbaine</text>
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                <text>31</text>
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                <text>Madani, Tariq</text>
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  La plupart des auteurs médiévaux, qui ont décrit Fès, s'accordent à signaler le 
grand nombre de ses moulins hydrauliques, et considèrent que la meunerie était 
l'une des activités vitales de cette ville. Ce constat reflète la prospérité de la culture 
des céréales, qui s'étendait dans les vastes plaines et plateaux de Fès-Saïs, et l'effort 
déployé pour l'aménagement de ces structures hydrauliques intra-muros. Cette 
étude essaie de retracer, à partir des textes et l'enquête sur terrain, l'histoire de 
ces moulins, leur fonctionnement technique et les transformations économiques, 
sociales et urbanistiques liées à cette industrie. Elle traite aussi de l'activité 
meunière, son organisation à l'intérieur de la ville et des conflits qui opposaient 
les meuniers à leur voisinage ou aux propriétaires des terres irriguées.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_022_0043</text>
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 22, 2, 2008-06-01, pp.43-58</text>
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                <text>Les moulins hydrauliques de Fès à l'époque médiévale</text>
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                <text>Madariaga, Nicole</text>
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                <text>Montout, Sylvie</text>
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                <text>Ollivaud, Patrice</text>
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                <text>This paper examines the per capita income convergence process among 23 Argentinian provinces over the period 1983-2002. The purpose of this work is to apply new estimation methods following two-step procedure as in Badinger et al. (2004). We combine a spatial filtering of variables to remove the spatial correlation (Getis and Griffith, 2002) and suitable estimators for dynamic panels (using first-differenced and system GMM estimators). Our estimations on filtered variables reveal a conditional convergence process between Argentinian provinces and a positive and significant impact of agglomeration variables on growth rate. Hence, our results show that ignoring spatial distortions due to geographic proximity misleads estimations and underestimates the speed of convergence specifically for provinces which are distant from Buenos Aires. Moreover, we improve estimations of agglomeration effects when spatial autocorrelation is removed.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00193304</text>
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                <text>Regional convergence and agglomeration in Argentina : a spatial panel data approach</text>
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                <text>83</text>
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                <text>Madec, Annick</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ETHN_112_0333</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Ethnologie française, , 2, 2011-04-06, pp.333-341</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>migrations</text>
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                <text> exode rural</text>
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                <text> catégorisation</text>
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                <text> appartenance</text>
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                <text> Bretagne</text>
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                <text>migrations</text>
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                <text> rural exodus</text>
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                <text> belonging</text>
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                <text> Brittany</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Le cas des Bretons de Paris</text>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Rodger, Richard. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Madgin, Rebecca May</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The transition from deindustrial to post industrial city from the 1970s exposed how cities developed regeneration strategies as their traditional industrial base experienced terminal contraction. These strategies to re-make urban places positioned at their core an improvement of the built environment either by retaining and adapting or demolishing and replacing historic buildings. Decisions to re-use or demolish revealed the contemporary valorisations of the past as they mediated the extent to which the reinvention of the city embraced or denied the cumulative memories of the city. Unravelling these decisions revealed the process of urban change by exposing the management of urban regeneration, the actors and agencies involved, their motives, constraints and failings and their ability to access funding. How these actors valued, perceived, and subsequently received the cityscape was revealed by their decisions whether or not to incorporate the historic environment in their vision for the city. Moreover, how public and private agencies such as local authorities, government quangos, and entrepreneurs manipulated the existing capital stock to attract people and investment into the inner cities was a vital component of urban regeneration. Four stages of re-making places: recognising place, managing urban change, seducing urban users, and manipulating the historic environment that each exposed the contemporary valuations of the past were identified and were explored through an examination of two British and one French urban centre. By these means, and using these examples, the research located the practice of restoration and re-use in the context of place-making and value judgements to question the extent to which there was a contemporary place for urban history.</text>
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                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4076</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/947</text>
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                <text>University of Leicester</text>
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                <text>post-industrial city, de-industrialisation, urban renewal, heritage, urban heritage, urban change</text>
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                <text>Urban renaissance : The meaning, management and manipulation of place, 1945 - 2002</text>
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                <text>Madoeuf, Anna</text>
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                <text>La recherche est organisée en deux volets, composés successivement des ʺimpressionsʺ et des ʺexpressionsʺ de la ville. Cette partition ne se fonde pas sur une dichotomie, mais suggère simplement une dualité de la lecture de l'espace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L'ensemble se compose de cinq parties. Sont confrontés tout d'abord les récits de la ville : panoramas, scènes et paysages, mais aussi analyses et spéculations, afin d'en évaluer les variations et spécificités. Sont abordées ensuite d'autres formes de représentation de la cité, au travers de la littérature égyptienne contemporaine, déclinée en portraits de la ville ancienne. Ainsi sont analysées les significations des perceptions des quartiers anciens, de même que l'évolution de ces représentations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D'autres réalités de la ville ancienne, celles qui fondent sa matérialité et son organisation, sont ensuite évoquées. La question qui est alors posée, en variant les angles d'observation et les critères d'analyse - en particulier socio-démographiques -, est celle de la cohérence de cet espace. Dans la continuité de cette démarche, sont envisagés les mécanismes et les correspondances des phénomènes propres à la centralité. De là, on s'attache à une interprétation des valeurs de l'espace - infléchies et réfléchies -, à l'aune de leurs expressions et appropriations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chacune des parties est conçue comme une strate d'appréhension de la ville, la mise en exergue d'une apparence de l'espace. Au travers d'un précipité d'images, de faits et d'actions, il s'agissait d'essayer de trouver une combinaison associant plusieurs dimensions de la complexité de la ville, une illustration de sa polysémie. La finalité était aussi de tenter d'évaluer quelques unes des apparences ou des acceptions de la ville ancienne, et de montrer, par leur mise en perspective, qu'elle existe en tant que ʺformation socio-spatialeʺ, qu'elle est une entité spatiale signifiante.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287621</text>
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                <text>Université François Rabelais - Tours</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Le Caire</text>
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                <text>Egypte</text>
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                <text>Sacralité de l'espace</text>
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                <text>Représentations de l'espace</text>
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                <text>Patrimoine</text>
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                <text>Centralité</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Images et pratiques de la ville ancienne du Caire : les sens de la ville</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures étudie la géographie culturelle, en centrant le propos sur le « tournant culturel » et plus largement les cultural studies. Depuis 1992, elle dresse un panorama actualisé en France et à l’étranger de l’état de la recherche dans ce domaine. La revue est conçue comme une plateforme d’idées, d’objets et de formats nouveaux, elle occupe une place originale dans son champ académique.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Souk d’aujourd’hui et bazar oriental</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cairo</text>
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                <text>bazaar</text>
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                <text>trade</text>
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                <text>tourism</text>
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                <text>Khân al-Khalîlî</text>
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                <text>souk</text>
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                <text>bazar</text>
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                <text>Géographie : politique ; culture et représentation</text>
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                <text>isi:Environmental studies</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Situé au cœur de la ville historique du Caire, proche des grandes mosquées al-Husayn et al-Azhar, au contact du quartier populaire de Gamâliyya, le Khân al-Khalîlî, bien que transformé considérablement, notamment aux XIXe et XXe siècles, est considéré comme le plus ancien souk du Caire. Il est aussi un lieu symbole de la vieille ville, médiatisé par une œuvre éponyme du romancier Naguib Mahfouz. La visite du Khân al-Khalîlî, présenté comme un archétype du souk oriental, est incontournable du parcours des voyageurs au Caire ; il est ainsi devenu un espace emblématique de l’avènement du tourisme de masse en Egypte, et c’est à ce titre qu’il a été la cible de deux attentats terroristes meurtriers, en 2005 et en 2009. Sur la base d’une trame composite d’environ un millier de locaux sur rue, essentiellement consacrés à la vente, le Khân al-Khalîlî est un espace commercial très dense où dominent l’orfèvrerie et la bijouterie, activités anciennement présentes, lesquelles connaissent aujourd’hui un renouvellement et une expansion, de même que les récents bazars, échoppes dévolues à la vente d’une gamme diversifiée de produits destinés à la clientèle touristique. À la croisée géographique de quartiers spécialisés dans des activités de production et de vente diverses (textile, cuivre, aluminium, marqueterie, etc.), le Khân al-Khalîlî est aussi une illustration et une vitrine des tendances de l’évolution des quartiers anciens centraux du Caire, de la concurrence et de la dynamique des activités économiques et de leurs multiples traductions dans les métamorphoses du paysage urbain. Enfin, le Khân al-Khalîlî fait figure de référence et est devenu une icône, le toponyme étant réutilisé pour qualifier nombre de boutiques ou d’espaces commerciaux contemporains, ailleurs au Caire et en Égypte.</text>
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                <text>The Khân al-Khalîlî is located in the heart of the historic city of Cairo near the great mosques of al-Hussein and al-Azhar, and adjacent to the working-class district of Gamaliyya. Though it changed extensively in the 19th and 20th centuries, it is considered the oldest market in Cairo and a symbolic place of the old city that widely became known through the eponymous novel by Naguib Mahfouz. A tour of the market, presented as an archetype of an oriental market, is a main attraction for tourists in Cairo. It has become a site emblematic of the future of mass tourism in Egypt, and it was, as a result, the target of two terrorist attacks, one in 2005 and one in 2009. Composed of a thousand shops facing the street mostly dedicated to sales, the Khân al-Khalîlî is a dense commercial area where goldsmiths and jewelers dominate. Activities that were formerly present are today increasing, as are new bazaars with stalls filled with diverse products for tourists. At the geographic crossroads of districts specializing in various types of production and sales (textile, copper, aluminum, marquetry, etc.), the Khân al-Khalîlî is also an illustration and a showcase of the trends and evolution of the old central districts of Cairo, of competition and the dynamics of economic activities, and their numerous translations in the metamorphosis of the urban landscape. Lastly, the Khân al-Khalîlî has become a model and a sort of “label”, the toponym being used to describe a number of shops or modern shopping centers, elsewhere in Cairo or in Egypt.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638238">
                <text>Madoeuf, Anna</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638239">
                <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638240">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638241">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638242">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638243">
                <text>http://gc.revues.org/937</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638244">
                <text>Le Caire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638245">
                <text>Afrique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638246">
                <text>Égypte</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638247">
                <text>Égypte</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644298">
                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644299">
                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="568190">
                <text>Maesschalck, Filip De</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="568191">
                <text>2009-04-01</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="568192">
                <text>Les conséquences politiques et électorales de la périurbanisation sont récemment réapparues en tant que sujet de recherche dans la communauté universitaire anglo-saxonne. Ces travaux concernent presque exclusivement des agglomérations anglo-saxonnes et cet article veut élargir le champ spatial d’étude en analysant les impacts électoraux et politiques de la périurbanisation à Bruxelles, la plus grande région urbaine en Belgique. Utilisant des données et des enquêtes électorales, l’article montre une polarisation entre la ville et la périphérie. Comme dans les pays anglo-saxons, la ville-centre vote de plus en plus à gauche. Cette ville-centre s’appauvrit si bien qu’elle devient répulsive pour les périurbains. Ils cherchent à défendre leur territoire contre les désagréments réels ou supposés de la ville qui est identifiée aux étrangers et à la criminalité. Toutefois, on ne peut pas assimiler les processus à ceux observés dans les villes anglo-saxonnes. Dans ces dernières, l’indépendance fonctionnelle croissante du territoire périurbain en l’absence de politique de redistribution rend possible une vie séparée de la ville-centre. À Bruxelles, c’est différent. La ville-centre reste le plus important réservoir de main-d’œuvre et de services pour l’ensemble de l’agglomération. En ce sens, Bruxelles apparaît comme représentative de beaucoup de villes de l’Europe de l’Ouest. Toutefois, cela n’a pas abouti à un soutien financier de la couronne périurbaine à la politique sociale. Cela a abouti plutôt à une volonté des périurbains d’utiliser la ville en toute sécurité, sans beaucoup se soucier des problèmes des habitants de la ville-centre. Enfin, l’analyse montre également que les évolutions électorales peuvent être différentes à l’intérieur de la couronne périurbaine quand les histoires politiques sont différentes. </text>
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                <text>The electoral and political consequences of suburbanization have recently reappeared as a research topic in the Anglo-Saxon academic world. These studies are almost exclusively focused on the Anglo-Saxon countries themselves. This paper aims at broadening the scope of this research and analyses the electoral and political impact of suburbanization in Brussels, the largest Belgian urban region. By means of electoral and survey data, it is shown that city-suburban polarization is also evident in Brussels. Like in the Anglo-Saxon countries, the central city is becoming more left wing, while its impoverishment has resulted in suburban anti-urbanism. Suburban dwellers want to defend the suburban living environment against the perceived bad influences of the city, which is identified with foreigners and crime. However, the observed processes cannot be simply reduced to the Anglo-Saxon experience, where decreasing support for redistribution with the impoverished city is attributed to the growing self-sufficiency of the suburbs, which enables a life insulated from the central city. The Brussels central city remains the main provider of jobs and services and is, in that way, a strong representative of many Western European cities. Rather than resulting in suburban support for financial solutions to the social problems of the city, this only leads to a plea for a safe city for suburban users without much reference to its present inhabitants. This paper also reveals that the suburban area shows different patterns of electoral development, depending on the party political history of the various suburbs. </text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index3737.html</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="568195">
                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>anti-urbanism</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="568197">
                <text>brussels</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="568198">
                <text>city-suburban polarization</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="568199">
                <text>electoral geography</text>
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                <text>political parties</text>
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                <text>suburbanization</text>
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                <text>Bruxelles</text>
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                <text>géographie électorale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="568204">
                <text>partis politiques</text>
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                <text>périurbanisation</text>
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                <text>polarisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="568207">
                <text>ville-périphérie</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="568208">
                <text>Beyond the Anglo-Saxon Experience: City-Suburban Political Polarization in Brussels, Belgium</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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                <text>France</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="537525">
                <text>Maffiolo, Daniel</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2003</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>La problématique des capacités d'autonomie cognitive des personnes en situation de misère est située ici dans le cadre général d'une anthropologie des mondes contemporains. Ayant posé quelques repères conceptuels liés à la surmodernité urbaine et aux supports sociaux et culturels indispensables au développement d'un penser et d'un agir sur et par soi-même, on décrit les conditions de précarité des deux populations rencontrées: SDF en France, indigènes à Mexico. On propose ensuite en trois points - l'itinérance, la négociation du lieu propre, le souci de l'autre - une analyse interprétative transversale visant à mieux éclairer ces populations différentes en les pensant ensemble.</text>
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                <text>Conocer la configuración del aparato productivo es esencial para entender el marco de referencia en el que se desenvuelven las empresas. El análisis de la estructura económica implica realizar una tarea de recolección y comprensión de información fragmentada y datos incompletos y dispersos. Esta tarea se ha plasmado aquí, ordenando y sistematizando la información pública existente. El objetivo final del trabajo es sentar las bases para armar una matriz de contabilidad social. Hay que tener en cuenta que a los problemas propios de toda tabla insumo-producto se añaden, básicamente, a escala regional: la asignación de operaciones económicas realizadas por instituciones de localización supra-regional y la determinación de los flujos exteriores a la región e interiores a la nación. El estudio muestra por un lado la carencia de información sobre determinadas variables, pero no se queda en la simple información del estado de situación, sino que avanza elaborando posibles soluciones analizando la posibilidad de estimar dichas variables a partir de datos existentes partir de estimaciones y estudiar en qué medida se ve limitado el alcance de un potencial modelo regional.</text>
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                <text>Dans une perspective analytique - largement foucaldienne - de la ville perçue comme lieu de disciplinarisation des classes sociales a été organisé, en 2011, le colloque " Les communautés fermées, entre innovation et fortification résidentielles " à l'initiative de la Fondation Braillard Architectes (Genève), de l'Institut de géographie de l'Université de Lausanne et de l'Institut des sciences de l'environnement de l'Université de Genève. Ce colloque souhaitait participer à une meilleure compréhension de la ville en état de " guerre sociale de basse intensité " - pour reprendre l'expression de M. Davis - à travers une analyse des espaces résidentiels enclosés organisée autour de trois axes thématiques: 1. Logiques d'action et systèmes d'acteurs. 2. L'entre-soi. 3. Diffusion et hybridation d'un type architectural et urbanistique "enclosé". Cet article présente certaines des contributions illustrant de façon transversale ces trois niveaux réflexifs qui ont été rassemblées dans le n°14 d'Urbia, auquel font écho le n°17 de L'Espace politique et le n°8 d'Articulo - Journal of urban research.</text>
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                <text>urbanisme sécuritaire</text>
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                <text>Faire sécession: "l'extension du domaine de la lutte" en milieu urbain</text>
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                <text>On s'accorde généralement sur le fait que le développement territorial tient désormais à la capacité des groupes humains de s'organiser et d'élaborer des processus originaux d'émergence des ressources. C'est pourquoi l'analyse des processus de révélation et de valorisation des ressources nouvelles issues de la spécificité des espaces et des groupes humains qui y sont ancrés, dans un contexte d'économie globalisée, constitue l'un des plus gros chantiers de l'analyse territoriale. S'inscrivant dans ce cadre de réflexion, l'ouvrage rassemble plusieurs contributions présentées lors du colloque "Développement territorial : jeux d'échelles et enjeux méthodologiques", organisé en février 2009 par l'Observatoire de la Ville et du Développement Durable de l'Université de Lausanne.</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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                <text>Cette huitième livraison d’Articulo - Journal of Urban Research – qui regroupe des communications issues du colloque titré « Les communautés fermées, entre innovation et fortification résidentielles » organisé en 2011 à l’initiative de la Fondation Braillard Architectes (Genève), de l’Institut de géographie de l’Université de Lausanne et de l’Institut des sciences de l’environnement de l’Université de Genève – construit une lecture délibérément paradoxale des espaces clos. Se pourrait-il que ceux-ci, à la fois réservés à l’entre-soi et enchâssés dans des enveloppes spatiales dont ils captent les ressources les plus à même de diminuer leur entropie, procèdent d’une logique appelant une théorie des porosités liminales ? Les six monographies rassemblées ici ont ainsi pour propos de travailler à une lecture des communautés fermées qui, tout en les soumettant à la critique, tendent à dépasser l’usuel rejet qu’elles inspirent pour mieux comprendre et discuter l’urbanité incertaine qui s’y dessine. Elles cherchent surtout à dessiner les voies possibles d’une réarticulation de ces espaces susceptibles de faire de la frontière un élément de porosité. </text>
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                <text>This eighth delivery of Articulo - Journal of Urban Research – which includes communications from the Colloquium titled "The gated communities, between residential innovation and fortification", organized in 2011 on the initiative of the Braillard Architects Foundation (Geneva), the Institute of Geography, University of Lausanne and the Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva - builds a deliberately paradoxical reading of (en)closed spaces. Could it be that these spaces – both reserved to togetherness as well as embedded in spatial envelopes from which they capture the most able resources to reduce their entropy – proceed from a logic calling for a theory of liminal porosities? The six monographs gathered here seek to work for a reading of the gated communities, that, while subjecting them to criticism, tends to go beyond the usual rejection they inspire to understand better and to discuss the uncertain urbanity they form. These contributions try especially to draw the possible ways of a rearticulation of these spaces able to make the border an element of porosity. </text>
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                <text>http://articulo.revues.org/2088</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>border</text>
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                <text>closed spaces</text>
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                <text>gated communities</text>
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                <text>porosity</text>
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                <text>communautés fermées</text>
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                <text>espaces clos</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="550746">
                <text>frontière</text>
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                <text>porosité</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="550748">
                <text>Pour une géographie des espaces poreux. Polymorphie et polysémie des communautés fermées</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Khenchela</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Algeria</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515665">
                <text>Maghnous-Dris, Zahia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515666">
                <text>2009-05-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515667">
                <text>Influencé par les modèles théoriques normatifs engendrés par l'idéologie du mouvement moderne, la production urbanistique contemporaine a ignoré la contribution du cadre bâti à la production de l'espace public, « la clé de voûte » d'un espace urbain significatif.&lt;br /&gt;Il devient alors nécessaire d'aborder la question des édifices en rapport avec les formes urbaines qu'ils engendrent et leur capacité à produire des espaces urbains significatifs. Cette relation dialectique est la substance de la revendication qui s'exprime depuis les années cinquante en Italie pour se formuler ces vingt dernières années en terme de Projet Urbain. Le projet urbain comme outil de développement local dans la politique de la ville, comme outil de trame urbaine, vecteur de lien social, de relations urbaines et d'une socialisation urbaine plus différenciée, implique un nouvel art de repenser la ville qui renvoie également à la refonte des programmes de l'enseignement de l‘architecture en vue de la production de l'espace urbain.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515668">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00381035</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515669">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/38/10/35/PDF/Microsoft_Word_-_Le_projet_urbain_-_du_dessein_au_dessin_.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515670">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515671">
                <text>Actes du colloque international « Penser la ville – approches comparatives »</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515672">
                <text>Penser la ville – approches comparatives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515673">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515674">
                <text>L'enseignement du projet</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515675">
                <text>projet urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515676">
                <text>espace public</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515677">
                <text>forme urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515678">
                <text>histoire urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515679">
                <text>patrimoine architectural</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515680">
                <text>Le projet urbain : du dessein au dessin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515681">
                <text>conference proceeding</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="478324">
                <text>Maglio, Emma</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="478325">
                <text>2012-05</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="478326">
                <text>In 1522 Rhodes was conquered by the Knights of St. John and became part of the Ottoman Empire. The town retained economic prosperity but lost all strategic roles, reverting to a provincial rank. For these reasons and because of lacking sources, scholars little studied the Ottoman town of Rhodes, but travel reports and urban analysis suggest interesting remarks. The Turks reused pre-existing architectures and occupied the walled town, while Greek and Latin people were forced to live in suburbs. Relevant architectural changes, as seen through the sources and unpublished recent photos, concerned religious buildings: Latin churches were adapted to Djami, mesdjid or warehouses and Greek ones became houses. Inside the walls "Ottomanization" was carried out through few interventions occupying leading points of the town, while other important functions (such as the government seat and cemeteries) were moved outside the walls. The hypothesis proposed is Rhodes model of Islamic city, based on the market as an "empty center" with public buildings around it (Friday Mosque, bedesten, madrasa and hammam) and applied exploiting the existing sites. The Friday Mosque and a madrasa with hammam were built on top of the slope of the medieval market street, where there was a Christian monastery, and a bedesten may have been placed in a medieval building near the present Bezesten Djami. In addition, five new mosques were founded becoming new urban polarities. Rhodes was almost certainly divided in mahalla, residential units usually centered on a mosque: a mahalla worked as a self-sufficient district, generally extended from ten to few hundreds homes. This subdivision changed Rhodes urban structure, for streets gradually became cul de sac. It's not yet possible to outline the borders of Rhodes mahalla or identify their central mosques, but the sources attest that each mahalla had the name of its reference mosque. These considerations allowed drawing a first scheme of Rhodes urban fabric and its new polarities. The town can be considered a relevant example of Ottoman urban policy outside the motherland and could be taken as a reference in the study of other cities at the periphery of the empire, as a part of a larger comparative analysis.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00718934</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="478328">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/71/89/34/PDF/E._Maglio_-_Paper_10-06-2012.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="478329">
                <text>ENG</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="478330">
                <text>LONAARD Magazine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="478331">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="478332">
                <text>Rhodes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="478333">
                <text>Ottomans</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="478334">
                <text>urban history</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="478335">
                <text>polarity</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="478336">
                <text>mosque</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="478337">
                <text>At the periphery of the Empire: urban restructuring and architectural transformation in Ottoman Rhodes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="500899">
                <text>Magnan Penuela, Marion</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="500900">
                <text>2009-12-08</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="500901">
                <text>A partir d'une ethnographie de la mobilité des travailleurs colombiens originaires de classes moyennes urbaines, cette recherche explore les recompositions spatiales, sociales et d'entraide, à la lumière d'une mondialisation qui prône la flexibilité tout en limitant la mobilité de certains. Les Colombiens font parti du groupe des indésirables au niveau de la mobilité internationale et passent par des formes de contournement et de dénationalisation; mais ils sont bien placés au sein de l'échelle des migrants aux Etats-Unis où ils reconstruisent des identités positives. Cette approche contribue aux études sur les latinos aux Etats-Unis en y positionnant le groupe des Colombiens qui bien que numériquement important est aujourd'hui invisible, mais aussi au débat sur le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans les mobilités. Ces migrants n'utilisent les réseaux d'origine nationale que comme une aide parmi d'autres et la méfiance joue un rôle récurrent dans les liens qu'ils développent. L'approche multi sites incluant le pays d'origine a permis de mieux interpréter les stratégies des personnes qui se construisent au sein d'un seul champ social. L'étude rend compte de la remise en question des hiérarchies et du rôle des femmes au sein des relations transnationales. Enfin, ce travail questionne la fonction de la ville globale et des quartiers multi ethniques non ségrégués dans l'accueil des migrants. En effet, loin des schémas des quartiers ethniques isolés, les Colombiens ont construit différents «espaces colombiens» dont Jackson Heights, dans le Queens, serait un nœud essentiel leur donnant accès à un capital social au niveau du «Grand New York», mais aussi de certains réseaux transnationaux.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="500902">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553246</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500903">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/55/32/46/PDF/THESEMarionMAGNANPENUELA.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="500905">
                <text>Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="500906">
                <text>[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500907">
                <text>Sociologie urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500908">
                <text>Réseaux Sociaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500909">
                <text>Réseaux transnationaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500910">
                <text>Espaces urbains multiculturels</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500911">
                <text>Latinos aux Etats-Unis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500912">
                <text>Mondialisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500913">
                <text>Classes moyennes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="500914">
                <text>Méfiance et illégalité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="500915">
                <text>Recompositions sociales</text>
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                <text>Double présence</text>
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                <text>Processus identitaires</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Migration, réseaux transnationaux et identités locales : le cas des Colombiens à New York</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>This article examines the repeated appearance of scenes showing the partial or complete destruction of New York City in American cinema of the Cold War. While this theme goes across genres, it has been particularly prevalent in science fiction films which are the focus of this study. It begins by showing the particular reasons for this morbid fascination and the history of such imagery in 19th and early 20th century literature and cinema. The paper then analyzes the changing presentations of destruction from the 1950s to the 1980s and relates them to the dominant fears and anxieties of each period. It concludes by taking a brief look at the continuation of the theme in the post-Cold War period.</text>
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                <text>metropolis, residential segregation, housing, poverty, social housing</text>
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                <text>Grenoble - Avignon</text>
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                <text>Countries seeking to remake the structure of their societies have placed a strong emphasis on the development of a viable and effective system of local government. The restructuring of local government is especially significant in the context of South Africa's emerging democracy. A key component of this process has been boundary delimitation, which involved a process of spatial organisation and re-organisation. In South Africa the de-racialisation of local government represents a major challenge. Many affluent white local authorities were reluctant to give up the power and privileges of the old order and merge with previously black local authorities. Also, the socio-spatial distortions of the apartheid era need to be addressed through a more equitable distribution of resources, and the re-drawing of geographical boundaries. Attempts at municipal restructuring in South Africa have been fraught with problems and conflicts. The conflicts engendered, the negotiations, compromises, and coalitions generated constitute important areas of research. Examining and elucidating the manner in which these various forces have manifested themselves in the major metropolitan centres is the central theme of this paper. The focus of this paper is on boundary delimitation in the Durban Metropolitan area.</text>
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