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                <text>Ma Mung, Emmanuel</text>
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                <text>Deux caractères morphologiques objectifs définissent une diaspora : la multipolarité de la migration et l'interpolarité des relations. À ceux-ci s'ajoute une autre caractéristique : la perception d'exterritorialité, forme particulière de représentation de soi dans l'espace. Elle suppose une prise de conscience de la configuration spatiale de la diaspora et le développement d'une culture, conduisant à optimiser les ressources spatiales. La migration internationale chinoise se voit progressivement comme une diaspora. La position d'exterritorialité, la perception de ce non-lieu, de cette a-topie est une étape indispensable comme intellectualisation du fait morphologique de la diaspora pour établir et améliorer son propre fonctionnement, lui permettant de concevoir cette sorte d'utopie qui consiste à rêver de soi-même dans une vie hors du territoire.</text>
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                <text>L'Espace Géographique</text>
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                <text>Non-lieu et utopie : la diaspora chinoise et le territoire</text>
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                <text>Maargab, Rafik</text>
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                <text>La crise oblige. L'effondrement du mythe de l'Etat providentiel et la mise en cause du modèle keynésien ont marqué profondément la nature de l'Etat et ont influencé directement la division du travail entre l'Etat et les collectivités locales, notamment en matière de gestion de ville et d'aménagement urbain. La crise a conduit l'Etat à limiter ses dépenses publiques surtout celles destinées aux investissements communaux ; d'autant plus que la maîtrise tardive, ou mal appliquée de l'inflation a alourdi la dette des collectivités. Devant la rareté des ressources financières et le devoir d'assumer sa responsabilité d'équilibre budgétaire, les élus locaux se trouvent contraints de chercher des financements extérieurs. C'est donc à travers le recours à d'autres collectivités ou en faisant appel à des fonds privés que les collectivités tentent de trouver des mannes financières. Plus qu'un choix rationnel, le recours à l'acteur privé s'est imposé comme une alternative stratégique qui a accompagné, depuis quelques décennies, les grands chantiers de la décentralisation, de la construction européenne et les réformes de l'Etat. Ce choix est justifié par le renouvellement des modes d'action publique qui vise plus qu'autrefois les dynamiques locales basées sur une coopération élargie au privé .</text>
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                <text>ville marché</text>
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                <text>Partenariat public-privé et requalification urbaine des quartiers historiques : accélération de développement ou propulsion de gentréfication</text>
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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>AFRIQUE DU SUD</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010038942</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:010038942</text>
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                <text>Mabin A., Goastellec G. (trad.), Gervais-Lambony P. (trad.) La suburbanisation en Afrique du Sud : entre héritage et innovation. In : Lombard Jérôme (ed.), Mesclier Evelyne (ed.), Velut S. (ed.)  La mondialisation côté Sud : acteurs et territoires. Paris (FRA) ; Paris : IRD ; ENS, 2006, p. 273-285. </text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>URBANISATION</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="344861">
                <text>DECENTRALISATION</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="344862">
                <text>CROISSANCE URBAINE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="344863">
                <text>ZONE PERIURBAINE</text>
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                <text>GESTION URBAINE</text>
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                <text>POLITIQUE FINANCIERE</text>
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                <text>POLITIQUE MONETAIRE</text>
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                <text>INFORMATION SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE</text>
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                <text>APARTHEID</text>
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                <text>INEGALITE SOCIALE</text>
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                <text>MONDIALISATION</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="344875">
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                <text>BANLIEUE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="344877">
                <text>CITADINITE</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>La suburbanisation en Afrique du Sud : entre héritage et innovation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="344879">
                <text>La mondialisation côté Sud : acteurs et territoires</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Société française d'histoire urbaine</text>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="447573">
                <text>24</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="447574">
                <text>Maccaglia, Fabrizio</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008</text>
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			L'après-guerre marque une nouvelle étape dans l'urbanisation contemporaine de 
Palerme. La ville est en effet le théâtre d'un mouvement d'expansion continu, 
désordonné et brutal qui aboutit en l'espace de trois décennies à une saturation 
complète de la Conque d'Or, sous l'effet conjugué de la spéculation et de la 
pratique de l'habitat illégal. Ce texte reconstitue cette brève séquence urbaine au 
cours de laquelle la physionomie, les structures et les modalités de fonctionnement  
du territoire palermitain ont connu un bouleversement sans précédent.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_021_0069</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 21, 1, 2008-03-01, pp.69-86</text>
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                <text>Main basse sur Palerme </text>
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                <text>Cette contribution propose, à partir d’une étude empirique traitant de la mise en marché de l’incinération des déchets en Sicile au cours de la décennie 2000, une analyse des pratiques officieuses dans les processus décisionnels au niveau de l’État, et de la manière dont l’idée de bien commun peut être instrumentalisée et confisquée à des fins privatives par les dépositaires du pouvoir. Sur la base des éléments recueillis au cours de l’enquête, qui laissent apparaître une entente en cartel entre les entreprises adjudicataires avec la complicité de responsables politiques et administratifs régionaux, nous faisons l’hypothèse d’une privatisation de l’État au sens d’appropriation et de détournement par des acteurs publics de la symbolique étatique et de l’appareil administratif à des fins privatives. La fiction du bien commun et la parole d’État sont utilisées pour que des intérêts individuels deviennent les intérêts de l’État. Cette appropriation personnelle de l’institution étatique crée une situation de dédoublement politique entre un registre formel et un registre informel ; c’est dans ce dédoublement que s’élabore l’action publique et se construit l’État au quotidien. L’accent sera particulièrement mis sur la manière dont le droit est mobilisé pour mettre en œuvre des transactions informelles dans un espace social où les décisions des autorités et des administrations sont soumises à des procédures de publicisation et de contrôle.</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 155, 4, 2013-12-01, pp.13-33</text>
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                <text>Tourism, once dismissed as the 'candyfloss industry', is increasingly being recognised by governments (both national and local) as one capable of regenerating declining urban economies. Encouraged by positive media coverage of schemes such as those in Boston and Baltimore many UK cities have adopted a policy for tourism. The economies of these cities are being bargained on the perceived impacts of the tourism industry; job creation, image change, environmental improvements and attracting investment. &#13;
&#13;
This thesis, using a case study area of Liverpool in Merseyside, takes each of these perceived impacts in turn and attempts to qualify them. The approach is unusual in that, unlike in many national surveys, it takes the view of providers to the industry. This facilitates a comparison between the sources of information; those such as the Census of Employment, BTA/ ETB data, and independent surveys. &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>tourism, urban tourism, economy, urban geography, employment, Liverpool, Merseyside</text>
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                <text>Les inégalités sociales et les politiques menées par les pouvoirs publics ont contribué à l'expansion de l'habitat précaire et spontané au Brésil. A Rio de Janeiro, les formes d'habitat populaire montrent une évolution au fil du temps, en s'adaptant aux différentes politiques urbaines et au développement urbain de la ville. L'habitat populaire, malgré son caractère spontané, accompagne ainsi les transformations urbaines. Depuis 2000, une nouvelle forme d'habitat populaire et spontané surgit aux abords d'une ancienne autoroute industrielle de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, l'Avenida Brasil. Il s'agit de l'invasion d'anciens terrains d'usines abandonnées par des habitants des favelas. Le processus d'occupation des terrains, la conversion de l'espace en habitat, et les règles établies à l'intérieur de celui-ci révèlent que les invasions présentent un nouveau cas de figure dans le cadre de l'habitat populaire spontané à Rio de Janeiro, que l'on dénomme " copropriété de fait ". Ce travail de recherche pose la question de la représentation de ce nouveau type d'habitat dans la ville et dans la société actuelle. Nous avons étudié le développement du territoire de la ville et de la favela d'origine des occupants, ainsi que les différentes politiques publiques concernant l'habitat précaire pour comprendre la production des " copropriétés de fait " et leur rapport avec l'évolution urbaine à Rio de Janeiro. L'analyse de l'espace construit de l'invasion se développe en relation avec l'espace social communautaire et révèle des nouvelles pratiques, issues de la forme d'habitat populaire en copropriété.</text>
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                <text>Université Paris-Est</text>
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                <text>Les "copropriétés populaires" de l'Avenida Brasil : étude d'une nouvelle forme d'habitat informel à Rio de Janeiro dans les années 2000</text>
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                  <text>Créée en 1986, Strates. Matériaux pour la recherche en sciences sociales est la revue du Laboratoire dynamiques sociales et recomposition des espaces (Ladyss). Regroupant géographes et sociologues, la revue est aussi ouverte à des chercheurs d’autres disciplines. Strates publie des matériaux, des réflexions sur des travaux en cours, des comparaisons avec des recherches étrangères, des débats, des éléments de méthodes, des travaux de doctorants, des jalons de recherche, des bibliographies commentées, des chronologies, cherchant ainsi à valoriser des moments importants du métier de chercheur non prisés dans l’espace habituel des publications.</text>
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                <text>Mache, Denis La</text>
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                <text>Cet article repose sur une étude ethnologique menée auprès des habitants d’un grand ensemble HLM de la banlieue tou­rangelle. Il s’agit de mettre à jour les inventions contextuelles et les arts de faire par lesquels, dans la répétitivité de leurs pra­tiques quotidiennes, ces habitants délimitent, administrent, transforment matériellement et symboliquement des espaces et des lieux, en domptent les temporalités propres pour contri­buer à faire territoire et entretenir, transformer ou préserver des identités personnelles ou familiales. Nous aborderons la maniè­re dont se fabriquent les territoires du quotidien. Ensuite, sera posée la question de leur délimitation. Pour finir, nous traite­rons la manière dont les territoires du quotidien sont gérés et entretenus par leurs auteurs. </text>
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                <text>This article is based on an ethnological study conducted among the inhabitants of a low-income housing scheme in the suburbs of Tours. The issue is to reveal contextual inventions and manners of doing things by the inhabitants who, through their repeated daily practices, delimit, manage, transform spaces and places – either materially or symbolically – by mastering their own temporalities to contribute to make territory and maintain, transform or preserve personal or family identities. We shall look into how everyday life territories are built up. We shall then address the issue of their delimitation. Lastly, we shall look at the way everyday life territories are managed and maintained by their authors. </text>
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                <text>Des mondes à soi. Pour une ethnologie des territoires du quotidien en HLM</text>
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                <text>Macias, Marie-Carmen</text>
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                <text>En s'ouvrant au commerce international, le Mexique abandonne progressivement le modèle de développement fondé sur les substitutions aux importations pour s'intégrer à la zone de libre échange nord-américaine en 1994. Les entreprises mexicaines sont désormais soumises à la concurrence des entreprises étrangères autorisées à investir directement dans le pays.&lt;br /&gt;La recherche analyse les impacts de l'ouverture économique sur le commerce de détail : l'évolution des structures commerciales, restructuration des groupes de la grande distribution, et de la réorganisation territoriale des activités commerciales. La Frontière Nord, traditionnellement ouverte aux échanges et géographiquement proche des États-Unis, s'est développée dans ces conditions. Présente-t-elle alors un développement commercial exemplaire qui puisse être érigé en modèle précurseur ? Tijuana (Basse Californie), la plus&lt;br /&gt;commerçante des villes frontalières, est-elle l'archétype urbain de ce modèle ou bien une exception ?</text>
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                <text>Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Frontière</text>
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                <text>États-Unis</text>
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                <text>Tijuana</text>
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                <text>San Diego</text>
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                <text>Californie</text>
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                <text>commerce de détail</text>
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                <text>Étude géographique des mutations du commerce de détail au Mexique. Le cas de la Frontière Nord et de la ville de Tijuana : exception ou modèle précurseur ?</text>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures étudie la géographie culturelle, en centrant le propos sur le « tournant culturel » et plus largement les cultural studies. Depuis 1992, elle dresse un panorama actualisé en France et à l’étranger de l’état de la recherche dans ce domaine. La revue est conçue comme une plateforme d’idées, d’objets et de formats nouveaux, elle occupe une place originale dans son champ académique.</text>
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                <text>Métonymies géographiques des espaces publics à Recife (Brésil)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>espace public</text>
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                <text>paysage</text>
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                <text>rhétorique</text>
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                <text>métonymie</text>
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                <text>public space</text>
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                <text>metonymy</text>
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                <text>Espace ; société et territoire</text>
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                <text>Géographie : politique ; culture et représentation</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Les paysages métonymiques des espaces publics sont abordés en tant que terrains cognitifs de tensions et débats où se développe une rhétorique fondamentale favorable à la coexistence sociale dans les villes. Bien plus que des images figées, les représentations de ces espaces constituent des synthèses bâties par l’intermédiaire du choix de quelques éléments clés pour la société qui s’y reconnaît, et qui sont ensuite amplifiés dans le souci de conférer une plus grande stabilité aux regroupements humains. Cerner la réalité d’une ville à partir de l’émergence paysagère de ses espaces publics demande de la part des citoyens la possibilité de choisir entre plusieurs modèles vraisemblables ceux qui sont les plus évidents et communicables aux autres, sans s’enfermer dans les dérives d’un communautarisme qui mène souvent aux conflits ouverts. Dans les stratégies d’identification territoriale, le rôle rhétorique du paysage semble joindre le culturel et le politique, étant donné que les métonymies sont fondamentales pour choisir, fixer et qualifier des espaces jugés publics.</text>
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                <text>The metonymic landscapes of public spaces are usually envisaged as a cognitive domain where a rhetoric of belonging takes place that is fundamental to social coexistence in the cities. More than mere conventional images, the representations of these spaces constitute a synthesis built through the selection by the society of a number of key elements where it recognizes itself. These elements are amplified by the concern about bestowing a greater stability to human groups. Defining the reality of a town from the scenic emergence of its public spaces demands on the part of the citizen the possibility to choose the most likely, evident and communicable models without falling into a communitarianism that often leads to open conflicts. In the strategies of territorial identifications, the rhetoric role of landscapes seems to unite the cultural and political aspects, since the metonymies are fundamental in the choice, fixation and qualification of spaces regarded as public.</text>
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                <text>Maciel, Caio Augusto Amorim</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                <text>http://gc.revues.org/1851</text>
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                <text>Brésil</text>
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                <text>Amérique latine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638519">
                <text>Recife</text>
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                <text>The following report provides an overview of the evolution of urban climatology over the past 50 years or so, based on original research for the ESRC ‘Climate Science and Urban Design' project at the University of Manchester. We list the main individuals and their publications; summarize the main events in the field and their consequences; describe the main organizations of relevance to the field; and discuss the main reviews and bibliographies that were published since 1938. This material is available from a variety of sources, but was scattered among web resources, archival material, and information gathered from interviews with major figures of the discipline. Our work was to bring all this data together in a convenient format which we hope may serve as a reference for future work, especially on the links between urban climatology and planning.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="499892">
                <text>ENG</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="499894">
                <text>[SHS:ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="499895">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="499896">
                <text>urban climate</text>
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                <text>meteorology</text>
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                <text>biometeorology</text>
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                <text>urban planning</text>
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                <text>World Meteorological Organization</text>
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                <text>Vers une gestion de l'eau plus "durable"? Les enjeux des mutations de la gestion de l'eau et du foncier dans la métropole de Los Angeles</text>
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                <text>Face à la croissance continue de la population et des activités économiques d'une part, et d'autre part, du fait des nombreux risques et menaces avérées pesant sur les ressources en eau traditionnelles de la Californie du Sud, la région poursuit l'expérimentation de diverses pistes visant à flexibiliser la gestion et l'utilisation de ses ressources en eau. Ces pistes concernent aussi bien le monde urbain que le monde rural : l'agriculture est en effet le premier consommateur d'eau (jusqu'à 80%) en Californie, et les possibilités d'économies d'eau dans le secteur sont très importantes. Ainsi, l'eau économisée dans le secteur agricole pourrait être utilisée par les villes, en profitant de l'infrastructure de transfert d'eau très développée qui fait de la Californie « le plus grand bassin versant artificiel du monde ». La flexibilisation concerne particulièrement le Sud de l'Etat, car c'est la partie la plus peuplée et la plus dynamique, mais naturellement la moins pourvue en eau. Les menaces pesant sur les ressources en eau de l'Etat concernent donc particulièrement le Sud. Si l'idée de redistribuer les ressources en eau depuis l'agriculture semble a priori séduisante et simple, tout la complexité politique, économique, sociale et environnementale de l'opération apparaît quand on y regarde de plus près. Ainsi, d'autres solutions visant à flexibiliser la gestion de l'eau méritent d'être exposées et testées, et c'est pour cela que nous les analysons même si le cœur du propos porte sur les transferts agriculture/ ville ou Ag-to-Urban selon le jargon.</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Water Markets</text>
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                <text>La flexibilisation des ressources en eau en Californie du Sud</text>
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                <text>La forme étalée de Los Angeles est une donnée essentielle de la structure de cette ville, qui, après avoir connu une dynamique de suburbanisation forte, est devenu le symbole de la « post-suburbanisation » des villes américaines de l'après deuxième guerre mondiale. Ainsi, les phénomènes successifs, mais qui se sont aussi recoupés historiquement, de suburbanisation et de post-suburbanisation constituent l'étalement de Los Angeles au sens où nous l'entendons ici. Mais constater n'est pas du tout expliquer, bien sûr, et il nous faut essayer d'ouvrir la « boîte noire » que sont ces termes.</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>régimes urbains</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Réseaux d'eau et d'électricité et étalement urbain à Los Angeles, 1860-1930</text>
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                <text>Il y a depuis quelques années un certain consensus en Californie du Sud pour parler d'une gestion de l'eau en crise, ou menacée de crise grave, et devant s'orienter vers une optique plus « durable » afin de faire face à une forte croissance de la population et de l'économie, et donc de la demande de l'eau. La mutliplication de sécheresses longues, la crainte du réchauffement climatique, jouent à cet égard le rôles d'accélérateurs dans le prise de conscience. Dans cette partie aride et semi-aride de l'Etat, de nombreuses menaces pèsent en effet à la fois sur l'eau locale (40% des besoins) et l'eau importée de diverses sources (60% de la demande). Pourtant, les projets immobiliers se multiplient sans toujours pouvoir prouver qu'ils auront des ressources en eau sur le long terme. La pression de la demande de logement, la puissance des groupes immobiliers, jouent en effet dans ce sens. Le débat s'est donc orienté vers la nécessité d'une meilleure intégration de l'eau et du foncier, à savoir une planification conjointe des projets immobiliers et de leur approvisionnement en eau, pour s'assurer que celui-ci sera « durable ». De récentes lois vont même dans ce sens,afin d'interdire tout projet dont l'approvisionnement en eau ne serait pas « pérenne ». Ces lois s'insèrent par ailleurs dans des évolutions plus vastes du paysage de l'eau, visant à flexibiliser sa gestion, qui incluent les tentatives de recours aux « marchés » de l'eau par exemple. Notre objectif ici est d'une part d'analyser les ressorts de la « crise » de l'eau, car le discours de la catastrophe est récurrent dans l'histoire de la région. Nous examinerons ensuite les solutions proposées pour une adaptation à l'évolution de la disponibilité de l'eau, y compris les lois récentes sur l'intégration, avant de rendre compte des effets de ces évolutions sur le terrain : comment, concrètement, évolue le processus de planification des projets immobiliers et de leurs ressources en eau ? Ceci nous permettra de nous prononcer sur la pertinence des mesures proposées.</text>
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                <text>[SDE:ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>water supply</text>
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                <text>developers</text>
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                <text>southern California</text>
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                <text>Newhall Ranch</text>
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                <text>Tejon Ranch</text>
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                <text>Rancho Mission Viejo</text>
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                <text>sustainable development</text>
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                <text>Vers une gestion de l'eau plus « durable » ? Les défis des mutations de l'intégration de l'eau et du foncier dans la métropole de Los Angeles .</text>
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                <text>Current debates around networks and urban fragmentation focus on the ownership of the service to explain processes of socio-technical differentiation in cities (splintering). In this perspective, integrated public ownership and management historically allowed for service universalization and the emergence of a “modern infrastructural ideal”, whereas recent trends towards privatization and unbundling are seen to foster fragmentation. In this paper, we argue, through an historical appraisal of the rolling out of water and power networks in very different contexts, that ownership is just one of the factors in urban network service provision and management, and that the local socio-political context must be taken into account to understand how and why networks are universalized (or not) and what socio-spatial effects they produce. Beyond ownership, network provision and management thus emerge as a reflection of social dynamics and ties in specific, place-based urban contexts. The aim is thus to challenge the mechanical link that sometimes appears in research between network ownership and territorial fragmentation. With case studies chosen from various socio historical contexts, from Papal Rome to colonial Cape Town, statist Paris to liberal Los Angeles, we argue that, even if ownership remains one of the important key factors in explaining dynamics of ‘splintering', we must heed the whole framework of governance specific to each situation, which goes far beyond the mere issue of formal network governance. We thus resort to the concept of urban regime, studied in a historical perspective, to situate the socio spatial dynamics of networks, between market forces, and the private interests of elites, and issues pertaining to mechanisms of wider social control, which is where the notion of regulation is useful to us. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account the problematic of the political economy of network utilities, which goes beyond the simple logic of private vs. public ownership.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00080080</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/08/00/80/PDF/WaterBocquetMacKillop06-June-06.pdf</text>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>urban regimes</text>
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                <text>urban fragmentation</text>
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                <text>comparative perspective</text>
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                <text>socio-natural</text>
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                <text>water and power</text>
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                <text>urban technical networks</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521554">
                <text>The ambiguous infrastructural ideal: the urbanisation of water and power in the 'golden age' of utility networks</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193282">
                <text>Goheen, Peter. Supervisor</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193283">
                <text>Mackintosh, Phillip Gordon</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2001</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The moral injunctions about beauty and order that attach to turn-of-the-twentieth-century urban reform and city planning derived from the era's concern with Domesticity and evangelicalism. Evangelical Protestant women believed they could protect their homes and children by creating, safe, orderly, aesthetic--"homelike"--environments in the home and in the city. This environmentalist city milieu hummed with ideas appropriated from the Decorative Arts--the social necessity of art, the practicality of beauty, the beauty of practicality--and millennialism, namely the social, moral, and Christian efficacy of environmental perfectionism. Little wonder that city planners created perfectionist plans for the comprehensive implementation of beauty in the city. City planning emphasised parks, parkways, artfully designed roadways, and "street furnishing" to create cities that abated congestion and exuded probity in what planners saw as over-populated and immoral modern cities. In Toronto, parks and even asphalt pavement were conveyors of municipal beauty, dignity, and art, and could lend moral influence to a city under the weight of size, density, and heterogeneity. The creation of parks and diagonal roadways in both the 'Plan of 1909' and the 'Plan of 1929' were intended to add not only beauty through decorative design, but also practicality, by relieving the city of population and traffic pressures. The bicycle, too, was seen by Torontonians as means of beautifying the city; the creation of noiseless, clean, and smooth pavements would entice handsome bourgeois riders into the streets and effect the beautification of the human space of the city. Ultimately, this manifestation of "social environmentalism" signifies the organisational proclivity of reformers' geographic imaginations.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193286">
                <text>http://amicus.collectionscanada.ca/s4-bin/Main/ItemDisplay?l=0&amp;l_ef_l=-1&amp;id=724139.474946&amp;v=1&amp;lvl=1&amp;coll=18&amp;rt=1&amp;rsn=S_WWWlaaXm2ItG&amp;all=1&amp;dt=26189254</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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                <text>Queen's University - Kingston </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193291">
                <text>imagination, urban planning, urban geography</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Imagination and the modern city : Reform and the urban geography of Toronto, 1890-1929</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Morris, Chris. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>MacLeod, Mary Alexandra</text>
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                <text>This thesis examines the nature of Early Mediaeval trading and manufacturing settlements in Scandinavia, and in the Scandinavian-influenced area of England. Using previously unpublished material from the 1990-1995 excavations at Birka, in Sweden, resulting from the author's work on the excavation report from the Birka Project, it provides an analysis of the development, and character of this Viking Age settlement. This forms the basis for an assessment of the nature of various contemporary non-rural settlements in Scandinavia, and thus of the context of the settlement at Birka. The history and archaeology of the central places of the northern eastern Anglo-Saxon kingdoms are then considered, with an examination of York forming the core of the second part of the thesis. &#13;
&#13;
The physical and socio-economic transformation of these settlements at the end of the ninth century is discussed, and the resultant tenth century patterns compared with the political and socio-economic patterns revealed in the contemporary and earlier Scandinavian settlements. &#13;
&#13;
The thesis concludes with an examination of the similarities and differences between the Early Mediaeval settlements of Scandinavia and the Danelaw, and considers which can be recognised as 'towns'. It assesses the nature of the Scandinavian impact upon the development of urban settlements in the North and East of England, and the degree to which this elucidates the socio-politics of urban development within the Scandinavian world. </text>
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                <text>http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2536/</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1050</text>
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                <text>archaeology, urban design, urban history, origin of cities, urban change, urban form, Birka, York</text>
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                <text>Viking age urbanism in Scandinavia and the Danelaw: A consideration of Birka and York</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515812">
                <text>Khenchela</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515813">
                <text>Algeria</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515814">
                <text>Madani, Mohamed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515815">
                <text>2009-05-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515816">
                <text>La deuxième moitié des années 1980 marque une évolution importante de la sociologie urbaine algérienne puisqu'on assiste à un début de foisonnement des recherches sur les villes algériennes et à un renouvellement des problématiques et des approches qui seront, au fur et à mesure, approfondies et étayées.&lt;br /&gt;Cette période voit l'émergence d'une nouvelle génération de chercheurs algériens qui vont réussir progressivement à construire des dispositifs analytiques et explicatifs en rupture avec les démarches apologétiques et descriptives prévalant auparavant. Dans un contexte social particulier où les villes et l'urbanisation commencent à s'affirmer et à marquer en profondeur les paysages et les relations sociales, les sociologues et les anthropologues ne pouvaient rester trop longtemps sourds aux interpellations du réel.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515817">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00380542</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515818">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/38/05/42/PDF/Microsoft_Word_-_25_ans_de_sociologie_urbaine_en_Algerie.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515819">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515820">
                <text>Actes du colloque international "Penser la ville - approches comparatives"</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515821">
                <text>Penser la ville - approches comparatives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515822">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515823">
                <text>sociologie urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515824">
                <text>Algérie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515825">
                <text>ville</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="515826">
                <text>urbanisation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515827">
                <text>25 ans de sociologie urbaine en Algérie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="515828">
                <text>conference proceeding</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
