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                  <text>Genèses. Sciences sociales et histoire</text>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=genes_Couverture.png</text>
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                <text>49-76</text>
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                <text>Mohamed Kerrou</text>
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                <text>murs. Il sert de lieu d'habitation à une ou plusieurs lignées familiales généralement d'origine non-kairouanaise. Dès le XIXe siècle, les voyageurs occidentaux ont signalé l'existence d'un faubourg des Zlass accueillant les bédouins de la région environnante, venus s'installer d'abord à l'extérieur des remparts avant de se citadiniser. Au lendemain du protectorat (1881), l'autorité administrative française a voulu, par le biais de plusieurs découpages administratifs, évacuer la territorialisation tribale et mara- boutique. Cet objectif sera réalisé au lendemain de lïndépendance (1956) a produit, à son tour, d'autres divisions et mots de la ville générant, dans leur sillage, des modes particuliers de spatialisation et d'urbanité.</text>
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                <text>Districts and Suburbs of the Kairouan Medina. From Words to Modes of Spatialisation The divisions of urban space in the Tunisian city of Kairouan are supported by a specific symbolism and history. Whereas the term «district» {houma) is used to designate the intra-muros city and the term «suburb» (rbat) applies only to the extra-muros area where mainly newcomers dwell, the first entity suggests dwelling in the city centre while the second expresses a borderline position. An ethnographic and historical survey shows that a change took place during the 19th and 20th centuries. It consisted of extending the notion of houma to include two major suburbs of Kairouan. namely al-Giuéblia and al- Jéblia. just as it gradually resulted in a proliferation of suburbs of which there are more than twenty today. In Kairouan. the suburb or rbaî is a closed or open alley that is always situated outside the walls. It serves as the dwelling place of one or more family lines, usually of non-Kairouan origin. As early as the 19th century, Western travellers mentioned the existence of a suburb of Zlass which received Bedouins from the surrounding region . who had first come to settle outside the ramparts before moving inside. At the end of the protectorate (1881), the : French administrative authority wished : to clear tribal and marabou territories. , This objective was achieved after independence (1956). in turn producing other divisions and city words that generated, in their wake, particular: modes of spatalisation and urbanity.</text>
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                <text>Kerrou Mohamed, . Quartiers et faubourgs de la médina de Kairouan. Des mots aux modes de spatialisation. In: Genèses, 33, 1998. Les mots de la ville. pp. 49-76.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1998_num_33_1_1539</text>
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                <text>Quartiers et faubourgs de la médina de Kairouan. Des mots aux modes de spatialisation</text>
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                  <text>Genèses. Sciences sociales et histoire</text>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=genes_Couverture.png</text>
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                <text>77-106</text>
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                <text>José Tavares Correia de Lira</text>
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                <text>■ José Tavares Correia de Lira. Mots cachés : les lieux du mocambo à Recife Dans le Brésil colonial, le mot mocambo référait aux établissements d'esclaves africains en fuite, généralement appelés qui- lombos. Depuis le début du XXe siècle, tandis que le sens originel du mot restait confiné aux lexicographes et aux historiens, les hygiénistes et les élites locales lui donnaient un sens totalement nouveau: . pour les experts et les autorités politiques, mais aussi pour les gens ordinaires, mocambo est devenu une traduction régionale de «slum» ou «taudis». Dans une ville si fière de l'opulence de son passé colonial comme Recife, où la vision , des «mocambos» représentait la décadence depuis l'abolotion de l'esclavage, ce nouveau sens a contribué à légitimer des discours techniques sur l'urbanisme et le logement, saturés de contenus eugénistes.</text>
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                <text>Hidden Words: Mocambo Locations in Recife In colonial Brazil, the word mocambo referred to the settling of African slaves in flight, generally known as quilombos. Since the beginning of the 20th century, whereas the original meaning of the word remained confined to lexigraphs and historians, hygienists and the local elite have given it en entirely new meaning. For experts and political authorities, as well as for ordinary people, macumbo has become a regional translation of «slum» or «hovel». In a city as proud of its opulent colonial past as Recife, where the sight of macombos represented its decadence since the abolition of slavery, this new meaning has : contributed to giving legitimacy to the technical discourse of city planning and housing authorities which is saturated with eugenics.</text>
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                <text>Tavares Correia de Lira José, Charlot Michel, . Mots cachés : les lieux du Mocambo à Recife. In: Genèses, 33, 1998. Les mots de la ville. pp. 77-106.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1998_num_33_1_1540</text>
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                <text>Mots cachés : les lieux du Mocambo à Recife</text>
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                <text>162-162</text>
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                <text>Montel Nathalie</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1999_num_36_1_1813_t1_0162_0000_1</text>
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                <text>Hélène Vacher, Projection coloniale et ville rationalisée. Le rôle de l'espace colonial dans « la - constitution de l'urbanisme en France, 1900-1931</text>
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                <text>Florent Champy</text>
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                <text>Architectural Commissions in the Public Sphere and the Segmentation of the' Architectural Profession. The Effects of Administrative Organisation on the Division of Labour among Architects ' Administrative offices and ministries - have an influence on the trajectory of architects that design public edifices. Starting from a comparison between Public Assistance-Paris Hospitals, representing a new trend in architectural policy which appeared in . the early 1980s, and provincial hospitals, this article clearly demonstrates the decisive role played in the choice of architects : by the. size of the administration? and the degree of attention paid to aesthetic innovation. These choices have an impact on the opportunities for work given to various segments of the - architectural profession, on the pace of career advancement and on the qualifications present in firms. A methodological conclusion therefore has to be drawn: the architectural profession cannot be studied independently of changes in commissions.</text>
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                <text>■ Florent Champy : Commande publique d'architecture et segmentation de la profession d'architecte. Les effets de l'organisation administrative sur la ; répartition du travail entre architectes . Les administrations et les ministères influent sur le devenir des architectes qui conçoivent des édifices publics. A partir d'une comparaison entre l'Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris, représentative d'une nouvelle tendance des politiques d'architecture apparue au début des années 1980, et les hôpitaux de province, cet article met en évidence le rôle déterminant joué dans les choix de concepteurs par la taille de l'administration et par l'attention plus ou moins grande qu'elle porte à l'innovation esthétique. Ces choix ont des conséquences sur les occasions de travail données aux différents segments d'architectes, sur le rythme des carrières et sur les qualifications présentes dans les agences. Une conclusion d'ordre méthodologique s'impose donc: la profession d'architecte ne peut être étudiée indépendamment d'une analyse des évolutions de la commande.</text>
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                <text>Champy Florent, . Commande publique d'architecture et segmentation de la profession d'architecte. Les effets de l'organisation administrative sur la répartition du travail entre architectes. In: Genèses, 37, 1999. Sciences du politique. pp. 93-113.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/genes_1155-3219_1999_num_37_1_1596</text>
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                <text>■ Viviane Claude : Le travail de la difference. Expériences comparatives dans Ie champ municipal à Strasbourg (1900- 1930) La géographie et l'histoire ont créé des situations de comparaison où des personnes ou des groupes sont confrontés à des changements brutaux. L'article porte sur les activités municipales en Alsace- Lorraine telles que des experts, des employés municipaux et des élus ont eu à les analyser et à les évaluer dans les années 1920. Dans ce cas de figure, la comparaison n'est pas menée aux fins de connaissance mais dans une perspective d'action et en fonction d'intérêts pratiques. Les résultats de l'analyse de ce que ces personnes et groupes ont pu comparer ne relèvent donc pas, à proprement parler, de l'analyse comparative. Ils n'en donnent pas moins à voir différentes expériences comparatives qui  donnent toute leur importance aux enjeux sur lesquels la France et l'Allemagne se séparent au début du siècle, notamment celui de la démocratie et celui de la modernisation urbaine.</text>
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                <text>Working on Difference. Comparative Experiences in the Municipal Field in Strasbourg (1900-1930) Geography and history create situations of comparison in which people and groups are faced with sudden changes. This - article deals with : municipal : activities in Alsace-Lorraine as they were analysed and assessed by experts, municipal employees ; and . elected officials in the 1920s. In this instance, the comparison has not been undertaken with a view to knowledge but from the standpoint of action and according to practical interests. Thus, the results of the analysis of these people and groups do not, strictly speaking, fall within the scope of comparative analysis. Nevertheless, they show different comparative experiences that reveal the importance of the stakes separating ; France and Germany at the turn of the century, particularly those of democracy and urban modernisation.</text>
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                <text>Animals in the City: towards an Urban History of Nature This article questions the various ways of understanding the role of the animal in the city. Whether from the standpoint of institutions (setting up zoos), legislation (regulating hygiene standards), or economics (developing new activities to ensure the survival of work horses, city animals allow us to grasp the complexity and paradoxes of new urban practices and perceptions at the core of which lies the question of sensitivity.</text>
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                <text>■ Caroline Hodak : Les animaux dans la cité : pour une histoire urbaine de la nature Ce point critique interroge plusieurs façons d'appréhender la place de l'animal dans la ville. Que ce soit du point de vue institutionnel (l'implantation des zoos), législatif (les réglementations des normes d'hygiène) ou économique (le développement d'activités inédites pour la survie du cheval de trait) l'animal citadin permet de saisir la complexité et les paradoxes de nouvelles pratiques et perceptions urbaines au cœur quelles la question des sensibilités est omniprésente.</text>
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                <text>■ Gérard Chevalier: L'entrée de l'urbanisme à l'Université: la création de l'Institut d'urbanisme (1921-1924) Cet article s'interroge sur l'absence d'évaluation scientifique lors de la création de l'Institut d'urbanisme de l'Université de Paris. L'analyse des aspects épistémologiques du projet et contexte de l'époque montre que, malgré ses incertitudes théoriques, l'urbanisme s'appuyait sur de multiples légitimités en même temps qu'il cristallisait des enjeux sociaux. Cette forte image sociale pouvait d'autant mieux s'imposer aux universitaires concernés qu'ils étaient tous liés à l'urbanisme. Ce qui témoigne du rôle des critères extra-scientifiques dans le jugement des professeurs de l'époque.</text>
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                <text>Bringing Town Planning into the University: the Founding of the Institut d'urbanisme (1921-1924) This article questions the absence of scientific assessment at the time the , Institut d'urbanisme was set up as part of the University of Paris. An analysis of the epistemological aspects of the project and the context of the period shows that, despite : the , lack : of theoretical certitudes to underpin the; discipline of town planning, it was nevertheless based on a number of legitimate sources and, at the same time, crystallised the social stakes involved. Academics involved were all the more ready to accept this powerful social image as they all had connections with town planning, which testifies to the role . played by extra-scientific criteria in the : judgement of professors at the time.</text>
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                <text>Chevalier Gérad, . L'entrée de l'urbanisme à l'Université. La création de l'Institut d'urbanisme (1921-1924). In: Genèses, 39, 2000. Entreprises et société à l'Est. pp. 98-120.</text>
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                <text>Society and Commemoration in Barcelona in the Mid-19th Century This article examines the political and social process whereby a part of Barcelona society sought to build a collective memory. The policy of creating a liberal-provincial memory ; involved not only to producing discourse on the Catalans, but also practising it through commemorations in a specific urban setting. The project was not a tangible sign of any alleged pre-nationalism, but on the contrary, a conscious attempt on the part of certain elite groups in Barcelona to propose a new Spanish national consensus. Beyond that, the policy of memory reveals the formation of a society of memory organised with a view to wresting from , the local authorities the legitimacy required to convert individual memories into collective ones. In this case, memory existed only in the mode of conflict. It brought into play strategies of social control through symbols memory was thus used to discipline the particularly refractory Catalan society into assuming the model of a commemorating society. The history of memory is always rooted in social1 history.</text>
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                <text>■ Stéphane Michonneau: Société et commémoration à Barcelone à la mi- хке siècle L'article étudie le processus politique et social par lequel, à partir des années : 1860, une partie de la société barcelonaise prétend construire une mémoire collective. La politique de mémoire libé- ralo-provincialiste renvoie non seulement à la production d'un discours sur le : groupe catalan mais encore, et de manière indissociable, à sa mise en pratique par la commémoration dans un cadre urbain déterminé. Le projet n'est pas le signe tangible d'un prétendu prénationalisme mais bien au contraire une tentative consciente, de la part de certaines élites barcelonaises, de proposer un nouveau consensus national espagnol. Au-delà, cette politique de mémoire met en relief la constitution d'une société de . mémoire organisée en vue de conquérir, auprès des autorités locales, la légitimité nécessaire permettant de convertir ses souvenirs particuliers en souvenirs collectifs. La mémoire n'existe alors que sur. le mode du conflit. Elle met en jeu des : stratégies de contrôle social par le biais &gt; du symbolique: la mémoire sert alors à discipliner une société catalane particulièrement récalcitrante sur le modèle de la société commémorante. Il n'est d'histoire de la mémoire qu'ancrée dans l'histoire sociale.</text>
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                <text>■ Gilles Laferté: Le spectacle historique de Meaux (1982-2000): l'invention locale d'un modèle national Portée par un contexte de municipalisation et de patrimonialisation de la culture, la municipalité de gauche de Meaux, élue en 1977, fonde un spectacle historique en 1982 qui s'est pérennisé jusqu'à aujourd'hui. À l'époque, en théâtralisant l'histoire dans la cour de la cité épiscopale avec la participation de : centaines de figurants bénévoles, cette animation innove par rapport à l'offre de spectacle en plein air représentée : essentiellement par le son et lumière. La manifestation meldoise fait école et participe à l'institutionnalisation de ce nouveau modèle national de culture locale, le spectacle historique, qui est désormais un «produit» exporté partout en France par ses spécialistes. Les spectacles historiques, produits de l'investissement par le politique des mondes culturels et historiques locaux, redéfinissent l'histoire, la mémoire des lieux, selon des exigences touristiques, spectaculaires et promotionnelles.</text>
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                <text>The Historical Show Of Meaux (1982- 2000): The Local Invention of A National Mode Supported by a context of increasing municipal and national heritage involvement in culture, the Left-wing municipal government of Meaux, elected in 1977, decided to put on an historical show in 1982 which has continued up to the present. At the time, dramatising history in the courtyard of the Episcopal . city with the participation of hundreds of volunteer extras was an innovative event : compared to open-air shows mainly involving sound and light. The Meaux event caught on and has taken part in turning this new national model of local culture - the historical show - into an institution, which has since become a - "product" exported throughout France by its specialists. Historical shows, which are products , resulting from , political investment in local cultural and the historical world, are redefining history and the memory of places in keeping with the requirements of tourists, showmanship and marketing. .</text>
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                <text>The Words of Militants "Beurs". Notes . on a Few Contradictions in their Political Mobilisation This article presents two interviews ! carried out at a distance of one month1 and 700 km with two children of immigrants, both of them militants in associations aimed at strengthening the political mobilisation of the "second generation". The analysis, which comes after the interviews and pays special attention to the social characteristics the two interviews, takes note of certain contradictions in this type of political mobilisation, in relation to the State as well as to the native community.</text>
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                <text>■ Stéphane Beaud: Paroles de militants «beurs». Notes sur quelques contradictions d'une mobilisation politique : Cet article est une présentation de deux entretiens réalisés, à un mois et à 700 km de distance, avec deux enfants d'immigrés, militants dans des associations qui visent à renforcer la mobilisation politique de la «seconde génération». L'analyse, qui suit les entretiens et qui prête attention aux caractéristiques sociales des deux enquêtes, relève certaines contradictions de ce type de mobilisation politique, tant dans le rapport à l'État que dans le rapport à la communauté d'origine.</text>
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                <text>Paroles de militants «beurs». Notes sur quelques contradictions d'une mobilisation politique</text>
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                <text>■ Renaud Payre : Une république des communes. Henri Sellier et la réforme municipale en avril 1942 En avril 1942, Henri Sellier, maire déchu de Suresnes, écrit à Marcel Déat alors pressenti comme futur directeur des services du ministère de l'Intérieur. Ce document signé par un «théoricien-pra- ticien» de l'administration permet de cerner les enjeux d'un projet de réforme municipale et d'exposer les vertus d'un municipalisme scientifique dont H. Sellier s'est fait le porte-parole tout au long de rentre-deux-guerres. La lettre envoyée au responsable du Parti national populaire offre surtout l'оссаsion à son auteur de reformuler son dessein au moment d'une redéfinition de la Révolution nationale.</text>
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                <text>A Republic of Towns. Henri Sellier and the Municipal Reform in April, 1942. In April, 1942, Henri Sellier, the deposed mayor of Suresnes, wrote to Marcel Déat who was being sounded out about becoming the future head of services at the Ministry of, the Interior. The, document from  the hand of а "theoretician-practitioner" of town administration brings out the issues involved in the municipal reform project and reveals the virtues of the scientific approach to municipal government for which H. Sellier had been the spokesman throughout the period between the wars. In particular, the letter sent to the head of the Parti national populaire gave its author an opportunity to reformulate his plan at the moment to redefine the national revolution/.</text>
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                <text>Payre Renaud, . Une république des communes. Henri Sellier et la réforme municipale en avril 1942. In: Genèses, 41, 2000. Comment décrire les transactions. pp. 143-163.</text>
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                <text>Les territoires face aux changements climatiques. Une première génération d’initiatives locales</text>
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                <text>Les contributions réunies ici s’intéressent aux modalités de prise en compte et aux conditions de manifestation des changements climatiques à l’échelle locale à partir de réflexions complémentaires sur les processus d’institutionnalisation et l’évolution des référentiels d’action, ainsi que sur des études de terrain.&#13;
Des analyses centrées sur les politiques publiques spécifiquement dédiées à l’enjeu des changements climatiques (étudiées de façon générale en France et plus particulièrement aux niveaux des régions et de deux métropoles - Paris et Lyon) sont croisées avec l’analyse de situations où l’enjeu du climat arrive « par la marge », via la gestion des risques dans les milieux littoraux ou par le biais de mobilisations sociales (mouvement des « Transition Towns »).&#13;
Cette diversité de points de vue permet de nourrir une discussion sur l’évolution de concepts clés associés à l’action territoriale, tels ceux de vulnérabilité, d’adaptation et de durabilité, potentiellement remis en cause par l’impératif d’agir localement sur les changements climatiques. Ce qui conduit à interroger en quoi la question du climat vient changer - ou au contraire, faire perdurer - les assises de l’action locale et environnementale et les préceptes du développement durable.&#13;
&#13;
François Bertrand est chercheur indépendant associé à l’UMR CITERES (MSH - Université de Tours). Ses travaux s’inscrivent en aménagement de l’espace et portent sur les politiques locales d’environnement. Il s’intéresse à la construction des changements climatiques en tant que problème public local et à l’émergence des politiques climatiques régionales et locales, en se concentrant plus particulièrement sur les questions posées par l’adaptation aux changements climatiques.&#13;
&#13;
Laurence Rocher est maître de conférences en aménagement et urbanisme à l’Institut d’urbanisme de Lyon et membre de l’UMR Environnement Ville Société. Ses recherches portent sur les enjeux environnementaux dans des contextes urbains et territoriaux. Elle s’intéresse à l’élaboration des politiques publiques, à la gestion des infrastructures et aux conflits qu’elles peuvent susciter, dans les domaines de la gestion des déchets, de la prise en compte du changement climatique et de l’énergie. </text>
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                <text>Cet article s'attache à décrire le parcours intellectuel de l'auteur à propos de ses recherches sur l'histoire des ouvriers de Paris à l'époque contemporaine : lectures déterminantes, définition des problèmes posés et évolution critique de cette définition, emprise de « l'air du temps ». L'auteur s'explique sur le passage des ouvriers au « peuple », donne son sentiment sur les effets à la fois bénéfiques et pervers de la découverte de l'espace comme instance fondamentale de compréhension des faits sociaux en ville et, pour terminer, se penche sur les diverses façons de comprendre la culture populaire : imitation servile, splendide autonomie ou construction de valeurs et d'aspirations à l'unisson des autres classes ?</text>
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                <text>Cet article présente le « plan de travail pour diminuer le pourcentage de travailleurs immigrés » rédigé en 1972 par le premier adjoint du conseil municipal de Gennevilliers ' commune industrielle de la banlieue parisienne ' et annoté par le maire communiste. Ce « plan » fait apparaître l'installation « imprévue » des immigrés algériens et marocains dans le contexte de la rénovation urbaine et la menace de dévalorisation qu'ils représentent de l'action municipale visant à rehausser la valeur sociale et urbaine d'une ville ouvrière. Cette pièce confidentielle du travail politique mené pour lutter contre les « ghettos » livre ainsi la vision des élus communistes qui sont d'autant plus conduits à voir dans les immigrés des « indésirables » qu'ils en supportent plus directement les coûts matériels et symboliques.</text>
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                <text>Le Field Training  Project est une expérience pilote d'enseignement et de réflexion sur  le travail de terrain, menée à l'université de Chicago en 1951-1952. Ses  principaux protagonistes en ont été Everett C. Hughes, Buford H. Junker et  Raymond L. Gold. Cet article resitue le séminaire dans son contexte  institutionnel et intellectuel et rend compte des débats entre chercheurs et  étudiants à propos des problèmes méthodologiques de l'observation et de  l'entretien. "</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=GEN_048_0077</text>
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                <text>Genèses,  48, 3, 2002-09-01, pp.77-99</text>
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                <text>L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser quelques aspects particuliers de la société et de l'économie du xviie siècle dans une grande cité « consommatrice » comme Rome. L'intérêt de cette démarche réside dans le fait que ces mécanismes économiques diffèrent non seulement de ceux de l'économie de marché, mais aussi de ceux de l'économie féodale ; à la différence de cette dernière, aucun facteur de production n'est exclu du marché et la détermination de la valeur est le plus souvent confiée au libre jeu de l'offre et de la demande. Cependant, l'économie « baroque » n'est pas non plus une économie de marché au sens classique du terme car, d'une part, la définition des droits de propriété est plus attentive à l'état de fait qu'à l'état de droit et, d'autre part, la faiblesse de la demande empêche les vendeurs de lever cette ambiguïté en revendiquant l'intégralité de leurs droits de propriété. La question de la certification des contrats, typiquement néo-institutionnelle, semble en revanche secondaire parce qu'ils sont en fait amplement garantis d'un côté par les notaires et de l'autre par les tribunaux qui acceptent le témoignage et la « publicité » des actes comme preuves de l'existence des droits de propriété.</text>
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