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                <text>This paper examines how left-behind children influence return migration in China. We first present a simple model that incorporates economic and non-economic motives for migration duration (or intentions to return). Based on Dustmann (2003b), the parent is assumed to be altruistic and to care about the prospects of her left-behind children. We then propose two complementary empirical tests based on an original dataset from a rural household survey carried out in Wuwei County (Anhui province, China) in fall 2008. We first use a discrete-time proportional hazard model to estimate the determinants of migration duration for both on-going migrants with incomplete length of duration and return migrants with complete length of duration. Second, we apply a binary Probit model to study the return intentions of on-going migrants. Both models find consistent results regarding the role of left-behind children as a significant motive for return. First, left-behind children are found to pull their parents back to the village, the effect being stronger for pre-school children. Second, sons are found to play a more important role than daughters in reducing migration duration.</text>
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                <text>Cet essai méthodologique fait partie d’une recherche qui vise à une réflexion sur la méthodologie cartographique d’André Journaux (1984) concernant la cartographie de l’environnement, et à partir de travaux réalisés et orientés par ce chercheur ainsi que  l’étude de sa légende spécifique. La première phase, présentée dans cet article est caractérisée par la proposition de la légende utilisée pour représenter la dynamique de l’environnement de la ville de Londrina. </text>
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                <text>This methodological essay is part of a research that focus on achieving a reflection on the methodology cartographic of André Journaux (1984) for environmental cartography, from the analysis of work performed and directed by this researcher and the study of it’s specific legend. The first phase, presented in this article characterized by the legend proposal that will be used to represent the environmental dynamics of Londrina. </text>
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                <text>Este ensaio metodológico faz parte de uma pesquisa que tem como foco realizar uma reflexão sobre a metodologia cartográfica de André Journaux (1984) para a cartografia ambiental a partir da análise de trabalhos realizados e orientados por esse pesquisador e um estudo de sua legenda específica. A primeira fase, apresentada neste artigo, caracteriza-se pela proposta de legenda que será utilizada para representar a dinâmica ambiental da cidade de Londrina. </text>
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                <text>The urban waterfront is in the spotlight. During the last decades harbour facilities have been moved away from urban centres. Projects for the recovery and restructuring of obsolete industrial areas by the water are sprawling all over the globe. The process of recovery of the urban waterfront that takes place currently began more than a century ago with the discovery of the urban waterfront as a space of leisure.

Waterfronts, as urban spaces, have followed a development signed by different conflicts than those of the rest of the city. On the one hand, they have been spaces especially open to intervention, for their location created little conflict with the social order of cities. On the other hand they have been conflicted spaces regarding the struggle between the installation of harbour facilities and leisure spaces, linked to jurisdictional problems between national and metropolitan authorities.

The use of the urban waterfront as leisure space was different in Europe and in North and South America. In most of European capitals the waterfront was occupied by harbour facilities, and due to commercial expansion, these spaces were growing and became segregated from urban space. This process did not allow the development of leisure areas on the waterfront. On the other hand, in North and South America the waterfronts became spaces of opportunity and the development of harbour and leisure space was contemporary and flexible, giving an important role to landscape on the waterfront. The cases of Barcelona, Chicago and Buenos Aires appeared to be the most suitable for the analysis of this phenomenon. They appear as models for other waterfront cities throughout the western world. Incidentally they were also hosts of international exhibitions in the period between 1870 and 1930.

This project studies the issues of these spaces with an analytical and critical view, searching for primary and secondary sources to evaluate the use of leisure in the projects for the urban waterfront and the way this has been practised in three particular case studies. The reciprocal influence between leisure activities, urban design and mass events are analysed as a main backbone of this research.</text>
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                <text>urban history, leisure, park, public space, waterfront, port city</text>
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                <text>, histoire urbaine, histoire de l'urbanisme, marxisme, Leningrad, St Petersburg, Saint-Pétersbourg, société urbaine, économie, ville soviétique, Soviet city, Ruble Blair A.</text>
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Blair A. Ruble

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1990

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University of California Press

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334</text>
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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Extract from the foreword by Stanley Scott and Victor Jones : &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The Lane series of books &amp;mdash; of which this Leningrad volume is the eighth and most recent &amp;mdash; is sponsored by the Institute of Governmental Studies and the Institute of International Studies, and examines similarities and differences in metropolitan policy-making in various nations and cultures. Of principal concern is how policies affect the metropolis, including its social needs, economy, land use, physical structure, and natural and man-made environment. Emphasis is on the ways in which political and administrative processes and institutions adapt to changes in the urban condition and respond to national and international influences. What organizational structures and policies govern major metropolitan regions? What new or modified organizations and policies are being urged? By whom, and to what purpose? Under what conditions can life in the metropolis become more satisfying and productive, or less dreary and economically marginal? How can educational, cultural, and intellectual objectives best be promoted?&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Blair A. Ruble &lt;/b&gt;is the Director of the Kennan Institute and Chair of the Comparative Urban Studies Project at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Les 'jeunes' des 'quartiers sensibles', une catégorie spécifique ? </text>
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                <text>banlieue populaire, jeunes, police, sécurité, discrimination</text>
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13 juin 2012

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Didier Fassin</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'organisateur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pendant plusieurs mois, Didier Fassin a men&amp;eacute; une observation ethnographique au sein d&amp;rsquo;un commissariat de la banlieue parisienne, suivant sur le terrain et au quotidien le travail des policiers, et notamment d&amp;rsquo;une BAC, brigade anti-criminalit&amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dans l&amp;rsquo;ouvrage qui a r&amp;eacute;sult&amp;eacute; de cette enqu&amp;ecirc;te, La Force de l&amp;rsquo;ordre : une anthropologie de la police des quartiers (Seuil, 2011), il analyse les pratiques discriminatoires, la violence des actes et des propos &amp;eacute;manant des BAC avec la distance d&amp;rsquo;un auteur qui fait &amp;oelig;uvre de chercheur et ne se pose jamais en juge.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dans quelle mesure le contexte s&amp;eacute;curitaire et les pressions politiques qui p&amp;egrave;sent aussi sur les policiers des BAC concourent-ils &amp;agrave; faire des &amp;quot;jeunes de banlieue&amp;quot; une cat&amp;eacute;gorie bien particuli&amp;egrave;re et qui, aux yeux des pouvoirs publics, appelle &amp;agrave; un &amp;quot;traitement sp&amp;eacute;cifique&amp;quot; ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Didier Fassin&lt;/b&gt; est anthropologue et sociologue, professeur de sciences sociales &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;Institute for Advanced Study de Princeton (&amp;Eacute;tats-Unis) et directeur d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;tudes &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;EHESS (Paris).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Creative Commons by-nc-nd&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Lionel Roug&amp;eacute;, 
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Certu

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Souvent pr&amp;eacute;sent&amp;eacute; comme l&amp;rsquo;espace privil&amp;eacute;gi&amp;eacute; d&amp;rsquo;une &amp;quot;classe moyenne&amp;quot; en ascension sociale, l&amp;rsquo;espace p&amp;eacute;riurbain s&amp;rsquo;est socialement diversifi&amp;eacute; sous l&amp;rsquo;effet des politiques publiques qui ont favoris&amp;eacute; l&amp;rsquo;accession sociale &amp;agrave; la propri&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;. De ce fait, il est aussi le lieu de r&amp;eacute;sidence de couches sociales plus modestes qui, avec les transformations de l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;conomie, sont aujourd&amp;rsquo;hui soumises &amp;agrave; de plus fortes incertitudes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Des travaux de th&amp;egrave;se conduits en 2003-2004, reposant sur des enqu&amp;ecirc;tes sociologiques dans des communes p&amp;eacute;riurbaines localis&amp;eacute;es en &amp;quot;4&amp;egrave;me couronne&amp;quot; peu ou pas desservies par les transports en commun, mal &amp;eacute;quip&amp;eacute;es, avaient montr&amp;eacute; en quoi l&amp;rsquo;accession &amp;agrave; la propri&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; et l&amp;rsquo;installation dans ces espaces pouvaient s&amp;rsquo;av&amp;eacute;rer d&amp;eacute;cevantes voire &amp;quot;douloureuses&amp;quot; pour les m&amp;eacute;nages de &amp;quot;petite classe moyenne&amp;quot; ne disposant que d&amp;rsquo;un seul salaire. Le d&amp;eacute;calage apparaissait, en tout cas, grand entre des aspirations proches de celles de la &amp;quot;classe moyenne&amp;quot; et la difficult&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; les r&amp;eacute;aliser, d&amp;eacute;calage qui leur donnait souvent le sentiment d&amp;rsquo;&amp;ecirc;tre bloqu&amp;eacute;s dans leur parcours de vie.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
Aujourd&amp;rsquo;hui, ces travaux m&amp;eacute;ritaient d&amp;rsquo;&amp;ecirc;tre r&amp;eacute;interrog&amp;eacute;s. Plusieurs sch&amp;eacute;mas se d&amp;eacute;gagent de ce retour sur le terrain, dans le sens d&amp;rsquo;une complexification synonyme de recomposition de la soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; de ces espaces p&amp;eacute;riurbains lointains. La part du v&amp;eacute;cu et des logiques individuelles s&amp;rsquo;affirme. Toutefois des correspondances se dessinent et, comme lors des enqu&amp;ecirc;tes pr&amp;eacute;c&amp;eacute;dentes, les habitants les plus modestes cumulent les d&amp;eacute;savantages &amp;agrave; vivre en p&amp;eacute;riurbain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dans un contexte plus g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ral, ce retour permet &amp;eacute;galement d&amp;rsquo;interroger la durabilit&amp;eacute; des espaces p&amp;eacute;riurbains, en particulier ceux confront&amp;eacute;s &amp;agrave; un moment donn&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; des situations de stigmatisation/pr&amp;eacute;carisation/d&amp;eacute;valorisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce rapport d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;tudes a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; produit avec la participation financi&amp;egrave;re de la DGUHC et de la DRAST. Il est r&amp;eacute;alis&amp;eacute; dans le cadre des travaux du groupe multipartenarial Etudes sur les espaces sous influence urbaine (ESIU) qui regroupe des professionnels de l&amp;rsquo;analyse des territoires du MEDAD, de laboratoires de recherche (CNRS, INRA) ou de bureaux de Consultants.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Vincent, Stéphanie</text>
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                <text>Face aux grands enjeux environnementaux du 21ème siècle, les pratiques de déplacements automobiles se trouvent questionnées ; parallèlement des usages alternatifs à la voiture individuelle semblent émerger. Cette thèse cherche à évaluer la place sociale de ces « altermobilités » (covoiturage, vélo, transports en commun) et la manière dont elles sont réappropriées par les individus, principalement sur le trajet domicile-travail. Deux perspectives sont ainsi envisagées. Tout d'abord, à une échelle méso-sociale, il s'agit de rendre compte du cadre législatif et des acteurs qui portent ces altermobilités. Puis, le cœur de ce travail a été réalisé à l'échelle micro-individuelle. La méthode qualitative choisie, qui procède d'entretiens de vie centrés sur les modes de déplacements, permet de reconstruire les parcours biographiques des altermobilistes. L'analyse de ces parcours rend compte des processus et des déterminants des choix de mobilité ainsi effectués. Les résultats mettent en lumière des leviers d'action pour favoriser des usages altermobiles et propose des pistes de réflexion pour amener à des changements d'habitude de déplacements.</text>
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                <text>Université René Descartes - Paris V</text>
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                <text>[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Les « altermobilités » : analyse sociologique d'usages de déplacements alternatifs à la voiture individuelle. Des pratiques en émergence ?</text>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures étudie la géographie culturelle, en centrant le propos sur le « tournant culturel » et plus largement les cultural studies. Depuis 1992, elle dresse un panorama actualisé en France et à l’étranger de l’état de la recherche dans ce domaine. La revue est conçue comme une plateforme d’idées, d’objets et de formats nouveaux, elle occupe une place originale dans son champ académique.</text>
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                <text>Les « désirs d’être » du hip hop à Luanda</text>
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                <text>Atlantique noir</text>
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                <text>À la fin des années 1970, un mouvement artistique pluridisciplinaire émerge du Bronx, le quartier noir de New York. À l’aide de quelques bombes de peinture ou de vieux disques vinyl, le hip hop exprime la fierté d’être du ghetto, d’être minoritaire dans un monde où l’on n’a pas choisi sa place. Pendant ce temps-là, l’Angola négocie son indépendance dans la guerre. Une guerre coloniale contre les Portugais tout d’abord, une guerre civile entre les partis de libération ensuite. En 2002, la paix s’installe enfin en Angola ; le mythe du hip hop new-yorkais dure toujours. À Luanda, comme partout dans le monde, la jeunesse clame sa quête de reconnaissance sur des samples inspirés du Bronx. Mais le rêve d’une résistance ordinaire ‘par le bas’ (l’underground) s’entrechoque avec la réalité d’un formatage ‘par le haut’ (le mainstream) qui réduit le hip hop à son expression musicale (le rap), qui en institutionnalise l’offre et la demande. « Musique populaire, de jeunes, commerciale, urbaine », en déconstruisant les clichés du genre les auteurs dévoilent l’invention d’une société citadine au jour le jour. Les clips présentés dans l’article, tous accessibles en ligne, expriment à leur manière l’espoir d’une ville plus juste, après un demi-siècle de guerre.</text>
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                <text>At the end of the 1970s, a multi-faceted artistic movement emerges from the Bronx, the ‘black hood’ in New York. With a couple of spray paint cans and a few old vinyls, hip hop says the pride of being from the ghetto, being a minority in a world where one did not choose one’s place. Meanwhile, Angola is negotiating its independence through war. Firstly a colonial war against the Portugueses, then a civil war opposing the liberation parties. In 2002, peace is eventually secured in Angola; the myth of the New-Yorker hip hop carries on. In Luanda as anywhere else in the world, the youth claims its quest for recognition on samples inspired by the Bronx. But the dream of ordinary resistance ‘from below’ (the underground) contrasts with the reality of formatting ‘from above’ (the mainstream), which reduces hip hop to its musical side (rap) and the offer and demand being institutionalized. « Popular music, music for the youth, commercial music, urban music », the authors seek to disconstruct the clichés du genre and highlight the invention of a city society on a daily basis. The music videos presented in the article – available on line – express their own version of hope for a just city, after half a century of war.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="639029">
                <text>Buire, Chloé</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="639030">
                <text>Simetière, Arnaud</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="639031">
                <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="639032">
                <text>2010</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="639035">
                <text>http://gc.revues.org/1187</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="639036">
                <text>Luanda</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="639037">
                <text>Afrique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="639038">
                <text>Angola</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="639039">
                <text>Angola</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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                <text>37</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425382">
                <text>Bolognani, Marta </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="425383">
                <text> Blanc, Maurice</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="425384">
                <text>2007</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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  Cet article présente les émeutes ethniques et les dispositifs institutionnels en Grande-Bretagne dans la période récente, puis les « désordres » de Bradford en 1995 et 2001. Si la controverse oppose explications « structurelles » et « culturelles », les données ethnographiques estompent cette opposition. Les Pakistanais de Bradford font une nette différence entre les événements de 1995 (décrits en termes de légitime défense, droits humains et citoyenneté) et ceux de 2001 (présentés dans un langage politique, ils sont construits autour de rituels pseudo initiatiques et d'épreuves de virilité). Les émeutiers ne sont ni les victimes du « système » ni les auteurs autonomes de violences gratuites. Il faut tenir compte de leurs marges de man?uvre avec les contraintes économiques et culturelles, et de l'histoire locale.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_128_0103</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425387">
                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 128-129, 1, 2007-05-24, pp.103-117</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Bradford (GB)</text>
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                <text> émeutes</text>
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                <text> ethnicité</text>
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                <text> musulmans</text>
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                <text> Pakistanais britanniques</text>
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                <text> British Pakistanis</text>
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                <text> ethnicity</text>
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                <text> Muslims</text>
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                <text> riots</text>
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                <text>Les « désordres ethniques » à Bradford (Grande-Bretagne)</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537690">
                <text>Lompré, Nicole</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537691">
                <text>2004</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537692">
                <text>L'espace public numérique initialement porté dans un cadre associatif, se retrouve aujourd'hui impliqué dans un dynamisme de développement local lui permettant d'enrichir ses fonctions. Il développe des activités socialisées autour du multimédia, à travers deux populations d'utilisateurs, les résidents du foyer et les extérieurs, qui se distinguent par leurs âges, leurs formations et leurs activités professionnelles. Il semble combiner plusieurs emboîtements d'espaces (l'espace physique, l'espace social, l'espace numérique et l'espace public) à travers lesquels les usages trouvent leurs significations.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537693">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00004877</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="537694">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/03/78/12/PDF/usagesPau.pdf</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537696">
                <text>Colloque « NTIC, Représentations, Nouvelles appropriations sociales », 28-29 octobre 2004, Dijon.</text>
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                <text>Colloque « NTIC, Représentations, Nouvelles appropriations sociales », 28-29 octobre 2004, Dijon.</text>
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                <text>Colloque « NTIC, Représentations, Nouvelles appropriations sociales », 28-29 octobre 2004, Dijon.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537699">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="537700">
                <text>Espace public numérique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="537701">
                <text>Usages NTIC</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="537702">
                <text>Nouvelles technologies de l'information et la communication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537703">
                <text>Les « espaces des usages » dans un espace public numérique à Pau</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537704">
                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
