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                <text>Harguindéguy, Jean-Baptiste</text>
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                <text>Since the mid-1980s, ecodistricts have caught the attention of the academic world. By concentrating many of the features promoted by sustainable-development advocates, ecodistricts represent an interesting attempt to go beyond the modernist – and unsustainable – vision of the city. In recent years we have witnessed an impressive growth of ecodistrict-labelled projects in European countries, and more specifically in Spain during the recent take-off of the real estate market. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that in many cases, such urban programmes are mere smoke-screens which obscure the financing of traditional housing projects of doubtful sustainable content. In order to explain this phenomenon, we argue that the misuse of the sustainable-development label in Spain is due to a series of institutional mechanisms that ignored middle-term environmental costs.</text>
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                <text>All that glitters is not gold.</text>
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                <text>The contemporary city is experienced through a framework of multiple spaces that individuals interact with on a daily and routine basis. These are not merely encounters with the built form, but are environments that are metabolized and personalized by the individual into an "ethos" or "ambiance" of perception: a colourful composition of time, space and the character of place. In many instances these ambiances of perception are not altogether pleasant, leading to negative or unhealthy experiences. This paper aims to explore the modern ambiances that we interact with on a daily basis to promote the cultivation of healthier experiential cities. Particular attention will be given to how we personalize our harsh and unhealthy environments and by what methods we use to cope with them.</text>
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                <text>Positive distractions in urban ambiance - Exploring the elements that help synthesize our healthy modern experiences</text>
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                <text>Le développement du secteur privé est resté apathique dans l’Ouest chinois, où les minorités nationales constituent une part importante de la population. Au Nord-Ouest du pays, dans la Région Autonome Ouïghoure du Xinjiang, l’État maintient une présence solide dans le petit secteur privé, dont la croissance est animée surtout par des firmes et entrepreneurs d’origine Han. Les Ouïghours, une des quatorze minorités ethniques officiellement reconnues au Xinjiang, résident principalement dans le Sud agricole plus pauvre, où le secteur privé a encore peu pénétré. Sans surprise, les Ouïghours sont peu présents dans le secteur privé, si ce n’est dans le petit commerce informel. Ceci a des conséquences importantes pour les relations entre groupes ethniques dans une région déjà menacée par les tensions croissantes entre Han et Ouïghours. Les grandes émeutes d’Ürümqi en juillet 2009, déclenchées par des manifestations d’Ouïghours urbanisés, ont mis en valeur le fossé économique important existant entre les groupes ethniques. Cet article se penche sur les disparités dans le secteur privé en enquêtant sur deux questions liées l’une à l’autre : la concentration du secteur privé dans le Nord urbanisé du Xinjiang, et les niveaux de participation des Han et des Ouïghours. La conclusion qui s’impose est que la croissance et l’intégration de l’entreprenariat ouïghour dans le secteur privé sont essentielles pour assurer la stabilité interethnique dans la région. </text>
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                <text>Private sector development has been sluggish in China’s west, where ethnic minorities make up a sizeable part of the population. In the northwest Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the state maintains a steady presence in the small but growing private sector, largely populated by Han-owned firms and entrepreneurs. The Uyghurs, one of fourteen recognised ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, primarily reside in the poorer agricultural south where the private sector has made few inroads. Not surprisingly, Uyghurs have little presence in the private sector beyond informal trade. This has considerable implications for ethnic relations in a region already threatened by rising Uyghur-Han tensions. Massive ethnic riots in Urumqi in July 2009, sparked by protests by urban Uyghurs, exemplify the significant economic gap between ethnic groups. This paper addresses this disparity in the private sector by investigating two related issues : private sector concentration in Xinjiang’s urban north and levels of participation between Han and Uyghur. It concludes that growth and integration of Uyghur entrepreneurs into the urban private sector forms a crucial step in maintaining ethnic stability in the region. </text>
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                <text>Private Sector Development in Xinjiang, China : A Comparison between Uyghur and Han</text>
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                <text>Harpham, T.</text>
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                <text>1989</text>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:27922</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:27922</text>
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                <text>Harpham T. Urbanization and primary health care (with special reference to the situation in African countries). In : Salem Gérard (ed.), Jeannée Emile (ed.).  Urbanisation et santé dans le Tiers Monde : transition épidémiologique, changement social et soins de santé primaires. Paris : ORSTOM, 1989, p. 363-366. (Colloques et Séminaires). Séminaire International de Pikine, Pikine (SEN), 1986/12/02-06</text>
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Lors de cet entretien, Harri Veivo aborde les grands thèmes de société contemporains à travers un choix de textes en rapport avec : la crise de la ville, les problèmes d'intégration, le communautarisme, la marginalité.&#13;
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&#13;
Harry Veivo est professeur de sémiotique à l'université de Helsinki (Finlande) ainsi que le coordinateur de l'Université finlandaise de réseau de sémiotique (the Finnish Network University of Semiotics). Son travail de recherche est consacré à la sémiotique littéraire ainsi qu'à la littérature urbaine française de la seconde moitié du 20ème siècle jusqu'à nos jours.   Responsable de cet entretien : Hélène Challulau, ESCoM-FMSH, Paris.</text>
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                <text>This dissertation, Inhabiting the City: Citizenship and Democracy in Caracas, asks how multiple modalities of citizenship arise in order to facilitate working-class and middle-class strategies to negotiate formal and informal structures of rights and obligations among individuals, local communities, and the nation-state. By examining mobile and locally fixed practices in multiple sites of Caracas, Venezuela, this work explores the ways that individuals assert claims to political and social rights that are bound to particular spaces of the city.

Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork in one middle-class and two working class communities, this dissertation explores the discursive formation of citizenships that are based on divergent conceptions of democracy. Although the notions of this mode of political organization are based on understandings of equality in the capital's working-class communities, many middle-class ideas are quite different. In more affluent communities, democratic ideals grounded in equality do not take into account popular notions of meritocracy that reinforce class hierarchy. Although many individuals in Caracas work to produce democratic spaces throughout the city, exclusions persist--and some go largely unnoticed.

Finally, I argue that the modes of belonging that many residents employ to negotiate spaces of citizenship vary according to factors such as race, class, gender, age, and geographic location. By analyzing citizenship in a city space that is as divided as Caracas--especially along class lines--I argue that studies of citizenship require attention to cultural transformations that are tied to social, geographic, and political relationships in local spaces. To conceive of the citizen as an individual with ties to the nation-state is too broad a scope to begin understanding the nuances of social and political belonging that ensure active participation within contemporary societies.</text>
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                <text>citizenship, democracy, urban politics, ethnology, political sciences, urban space, participation, class</text>
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                  <text>Les Cahiers d'EMAM sont une revue interdisciplinaire qui se propose de contribuer à la restitution des savoirs sur le monde arabe et la Méditerranée, dans leurs interférences avec le reste du monde, autour des questions urbaines et des processus de constructions/reconfigurations territoriales dans leurs dimensions sociales, économiques et politiques en encourageant les idées nouvelles et les démarches comparatives.</text>
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                <text>Émergences de nouvelles centralités commerciales à Rabat (Maroc). Sociabilités, représentations et restructurations socio-spatiales*</text>
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                <text>isi:Urban studies</text>
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                <text>À l’instar des grandes villes du monde arabe, Rabat a connu durant les deux dernières décennies l’arrivée de nouvelles formes de concentrations commerciales qui ont entraîné de profondes restructurations spatiales et socioculturelles. À partir d’une démarche analytique et empirique portant sur un échantillon diversifié de centres commerciaux, la recherche a mis en lumière quelques-unes de ces restructurations en rapport avec les lieux traditionnels de la centralité à Rabat : au plan spatial, ...</text>
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                  <text>Les Cahiers d'EMAM sont une revue interdisciplinaire qui se propose de contribuer à la restitution des savoirs sur le monde arabe et la Méditerranée, dans leurs interférences avec le reste du monde, autour des questions urbaines et des processus de constructions/reconfigurations territoriales dans leurs dimensions sociales, économiques et politiques en encourageant les idées nouvelles et les démarches comparatives.</text>
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                <text>Les nouveaux espaces marchands dans la périphérie de Rabat</text>
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                <text>Ville(s)</text>
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                <text>Occidentalisation</text>
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                <text>Cela fait une trentaine d’années que les grandes surfaces sont arrivées au Maroc, dans ses grandes villes tout d’abord, et dans leurs périphéries plus particulièrement. C’est un délai suffisant pour envisager d’en étudier les effets, tant en ce qui concerne les transformations de l’organisation urbaine qu’elles génèrent — en inscrivant dans l’espace de nouvelles centralités — que pour apprécier les formes d’urbanité et les nouvelles manières « d’être ensemble » qui sont susceptibles d’émerger...</text>
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                <text>Équipe Monde arabe Méditerranée|CITERES</text>
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Au début des années 1890, Baltimore offre l'image d'une ville économiquement 
dynamique mais très mal gérée. Elle a vingt ans de retard sur les autres métropoles 
américaines qui ont décidé d'investir massivement dans la modernisation de leurs 
infrastructures de travaux publics dès les années 1870. Ceci est dû notamment au 
poids du privatisme et à la politisation des services municipaux. L'étude des 
politiques de travaux publics menées à Baltimore dans la dernière décennie du 
XIXe siècle et à l'heure du progressisme démontre cependant que la ville n'est pas 
si atypique que cela. Comme dans les autres métropoles, c'est la multiplication des 
crises urbaines, notamment les incendies et l'aggravation de l'état sanitaire de la 
ville, qui permettent d'entreprendre des réformes. On constate un début de moralisation et de professionnalisation de l'administration municipale au tournant du 
XXe siècle. Comme les autres grandes villes américaines avant elle, Baltimore fait le 
choix d'adapter ses institutions pour répondre aux défis de l'ère industrielle et 
urbaine.
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 6, 2, 2002-06-01, pp.115-129</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Des villes américaines entre corruption et réforme à la fin du XIXe siècle </text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>29</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Harter, Hélène</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2005</text>
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  On oublie souvent que New York a été brièvement la capitale des É tats-Unis entre 
1785 et 1790. Lorsque les Américains ont dû se doter d'une capitale permanente, à 
la fin de laguerre d'Indépendance, c'est New York qui a été tout d'abord choisie. La 
ville abrite le Congrès continental de 1785 à 1789 puis demeure la capitale temporaire du pays lorsque la Constitution entre en vigueur en 1789. Cette année-là, 
George Washington prête le serment présidentiel à New York tandis que la ville 
abrite le premier congrès fédéral. Le Residence Act du 9 juillet 1790 met cependant 
un terme aux rêves de ceux qui voyaient New York demeurer éternellement la 
capitale du pays. Cette loi décide que celle-ci sera située sur les rives du Potomac 
plus ausud. Pour apaiser la déception des Philadelphiens, qui étaient eux aussi sûrs 
de devenir la première ville du pays, Philadelphie fait office de capitale pendant dix 
ans en attendant que la ville de Washington sorte de terre. Entre 1785 et 1790, New 
York connaît une croissance importante, à tel point qu'elle dépasse Philadelphie et 
devient la première ville américaine lors du recensement de 1790. Sa population 
passe en 5 ans de 24 000 à 33 131 habitants. La présence des autorités fédérales 
accélère la croissance de la ville mais ne la provoque. Celle-ci commence en fait 
dans les années 1730. Ceci explique pourquoi New York demeure par la suite la 
première ville du pays bien qu'elle ne soit plus sa capitale politique.
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_012_0023</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fre</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446754">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="446755">
                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 12, 1, 2005-03-01, pp.23-38</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>New York, une capitale éphémère pour la jeune nation américaine (1785-1790)</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Genèses</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Belin</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644267">
                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="443823">
                <text>87</text>
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                <text>Hassoun, Jean-Pierre</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2010</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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  L'article est centré sur les relations d'une municipalité de banlieue parisienne avec la principale des entreprises productrices de la feuille de brick en France. La rhétorique municipale identifie cette activité économique comme « ethnique » et voit en elle un renouvellement du marché et un signe de modernité urbaine. L'auteur restitue la configuration sociohistorique (trajectoire du responsable municipal, des entrepreneurs, et du produit) afin de voir à quelles conditions l'altérité marchande peut être pensée comme une ressource de l'action et du récit municipal.
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="443827">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=GEN_076_0052</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="443828">
                <text>fre</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="443829">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="443830">
                <text>Genèses, n 76, 3, 2010-01-21, pp.52-75</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Moderniser « l'ethnique » pour développer l'urbain. La venue d'une industrie de la feuille de brick dans une ville de banlieue</text>
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  <item itemId="29225" public="1" featured="0">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>85</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="461641">
                <text>Hassoun, Jean-Pierre</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2005</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="461643">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ETHN_051_0005</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="461644">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="461645">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="461646">
                <text>Ethnologie française, , 1, 2005-03-01, pp.5-16</text>
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                <text>La place marchande en ville : quelques significations sociales</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>38</text>
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                <text>Hassoun, Jean-Pierre</text>
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                <text>2005</text>
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  La disparition de la négociation à la criée est envisagée à travers la modernisation qui a touché la place financière parisienne à partir du milieu des années quatre-vingt. Deux marchés sont concernés : celui des actions ferme en 1988. Il est étudié à partir d'une archive filmée, centrée sur une action symbolique mise en scène sous la forme d'un enterrement ; celui des produits dérivés (matif) disparaît en 1998. Il est étudié à partir d'enquêtes ethnographiques au palais Brongniart, au cours desquelles se sont déroulées des grèves de salariés et d'indépendants. Ces actions sociales et symboliques de clôture sont des réponses à l'événement destructeur et refondateur que représente la fermeture. Leurs formes sont largement déterminées par les contextes englobants et les histoires socio-institutionnelles. Elles dessinent un temps social spécifique et ont en commun d'être uniques, dans chacune de ces histoires locales. Pacifiques ou conflictuelles, ces actions doivent être pensées davantage en tant que contre-événements qu'en tant que rituels ou simples grèves. Elles sont également les prémisses narratives de récits enchanteurs, qui construiront un âge d'or de l'institution dans les mémoires et les récits des lendemains de fermeture.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ETHN_054_0627</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Ethnologie française, , 4, 2005-12-01, pp.627-642</text>
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                <text>bourse</text>
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                <text> marché à la criée</text>
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                <text> grève</text>
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                <text>« Dernières séances au palais Brongniart » (1988 et 1998)</text>
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                <text>77</text>
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                <text>Hastaoglou martinidis, V. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430007">
                <text> Kalogirou 	, N.</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_1992_70_0215</text>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n70, 4, 1992-12-01, pp.215-236</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="430013">
                <text>La mise en valeur du quartier de la Ville Haute de Thessalonique. Réhabilitation ou rénovation?</text>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193566">
                <text>Gilbert, Alan. Supervisor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193567">
                <text>Hataya, Noriko</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193568">
                <text>2007</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study focuses on community participation among the poor of Bogotá, Colombia. It explores the changing relationships between poor communities, local politicians and the city government before and after the institutional reforms and changing approach to development that occurred during the 1990s. The case studies were conducted in six irregular settlements, all developed in contravention of the city’s planning regulations. Data were collected using a sample household survey and in-depth interviews with community leaders, local inhabitants and the representatives of outside organisations.

In the 1990s, clientelistic practices became less effective to push the regularisation process. City programmes toward irregular settlements became more holistic and benefited from better coordination between the different public entities. As a result, the inhabitants became more discriminating in identifying the most effective strategies for obtaining the services and infrastructure that they required.

Competent government intervention was ultimately the most important factor in furthering the regularisation process. However, regularisation could not be achieved without community participation. Community involvement was important both before and after a settlement was recognised. The community had to find the money to put down a deposit before the service agencies would install services. This required not only a minimum level of economic resources but also firm community leadership.

The study also shows that apparently contradictory decisions made by the different communities were highly rational. Whether the inhabitants were willing to pay for services depended on the benefit they expected in return. Their criteria changed through the consolidation process because their most urgent needs changed. Today, after the pricing system of public services changed, access to services depends mostly on users’ purchasing power and not on the collective negotiation led by the JAC leaders.

In the 1990s, under the new constitution with its laws protecting citizen’s rights, ‘participation’ of citizens in the political arena as well as their right to obtain basic services was clearly recognised. Under this legal framework, community participation gives the poor a voice with which they can present claims as well as criticise the negligence of public administration. However, the protests of the inhabitants against increased public service charges show that the community-based organisations sometimes still have reason, and the ability, to mobilise the local people as a final resort.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193570">
                <text>http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/4988/</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193571">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/923</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193572">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/b2546cacc8715cd6a35a4cf050ef8a66.jpg</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193573">
                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193574">
                <text>University College London (UCL)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193575">
                <text>informal settlement, participation, participative democracy, community, social movement, urban policy, public service, infrastructure, local management</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193576">
                <text>The illusion of community participation : Experience in the irregular settlements of Bogotá</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Thesis</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="490679">
                <text>Hatt, Emeline</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="490680">
                <text>2011-09-16</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="490681">
                <text>Face au constat du vieillissement des stations touristiques fordiennes créées ex nihilo, en France, dans les années 1960-1970, ce travail de doctorat en aménagement et urbanisme pose la question de leur requalification. Dans ce champ disciplinaire et professionnel, l'analyse de l'image urbaine des destinations touristiques n'a guère été traitée. L'échelle d'appréhension microterritoriale est privilégiée ici, afin de décrypter les modalités conjointes de leurs structurations et de leurs représentations. On a observé dans quelle mesure l'aménagement et la gestion des espaces publics participent à l'image et à la notoriété des destinations, tout en proposant un outil d'aide à la réflexion et à l'élaboration des projets de requalification. Dans ces stations " archipels ", coupées de l'habitat traditionnel existant, la faible proportion d'habitants permanents a conduit à donner la parole à des interlocuteurs qui en sont les destinataires essentiels : les " touristes ", généralement tenus à l'écart de l'exercice de concertation et de conception urbaine. À la croisée des recherches en urbanisme et en tourisme, l'intérêt s'est porté sur les représentations que ces habitants temporaires se font des espaces publics dans lesquels ils vivent et qu'ils font vivre en retour. Plus précisément, l'objectif de cette recherche consiste à révéler, par une enquête photographique, les marqueurs microterritoriaux identifiés par les touristes, sur lesquels les projets de requalification pourraient, le cas échéant, prendre appui. Axées sur la "libre" catégorisation de plus de cent trente images, ces enquêtes ont été menées à titre expérimental dans une station littorale (Seignosse-Océan) et une station de montagne (Gourette). Ces destinations sont abordées par une approche transversale pensant la réciproque entre leur conception (modalités de structuration urbaine) et leur réception (les représentations des touristes), afin de mieux saisir les enjeux de leur restructuration. Quels sont les lieux urbains emblématiques ? Comment envisager leur valorisation et leur mise en scène ? Quelle place accorder aux piétons dans ces stations qui ont laissé la part belle aux circulations motorisées ? Autant de questions qui ont émergé dans ce travail de recherche centré sur la caractérisation du vieillissement et l'identification des enjeux de requalification de ces destinations aujourd'hui cinquantenaires.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/68/34/63/PDF/THESE-Emeline.pdf</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="490685">
                <text>Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="490687">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="490688">
                <text>Enquêtes photographiques</text>
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                <text>espaces publics</text>
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                <text>marqueur microterritorial</text>
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                <text>requalification</text>
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                <text>représentations</text>
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                <text>stations touristiques</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="490694">
                <text>Requalifier les stations touristiques contemporaines : une approche des espaces publics. Application à Gourette et Seignosse-Océan</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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                <text>Haurie, Béatrice</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2012-06-29</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="483395">
                <text>Premier grand prix de sculpture en 1919, le parisien Raymond Delamarre se positionne dans le nouvel ordre plastique néo-classique du groupe des prix de Rome des années 20 (peintres Dupas, Roganeau, Billotey, Pougheon et Despujols, sculpteurs Foucault, Janniot, Martial et Vézien, graveur Decaris, architectes Carlu, Roux-Spitz et Azéma). Porté par nature au colossal, il se libère de l'académisme de l'école des Beaux-Arts et concilie sa spécificité de médailleur et d'artiste-décorateur avec celle de la monumentalité. Recevant ses commandes d'architectes souvent prix de Rome, il est avant tout un sculpteur élégant aimant les allégories. Ses œuvres complexes se situent entre tradition décorative, hyperréalisme et modernité classicisante. Il puise sa plasticité volumétrique et ses simplifications aux sources de l'art grec archaïque et ses modèles techniques et stylistiques à la toreutique romaine. Sensible aux maniéristes italiens, il se réfère aussi à l'art français sous toutes ses formes. Il emprunte leurs sinuosités à Ingres, Burne-Jones et l'Art nouveau, au synthétisme de Bourdelle et au style Art déco. La théorie des profils de Rodin lui apprend sa gymnastique de la vue. Janniot lui inspire les étagements des figures dans ses reliefs monumentaux. Sa recherche de références fiables donne une valeur historiciste, didactique et symbolique à ses œuvres qui, après guerre, deviennent parfois trop systématiques. Il excelle dans l'expression de formes lisibles, aux lignes poétiques originales, qui doivent aux audaces des cubistes. Il affirme la continuité d'une identité nationale de l'art et montre qu'elle peut donner naissance à des créations puissantes, rythmées et inventives.italiens, il se réfère aussi à l'art français sous toutes ses formes. Il emprunte leurs sinuosités à Ingres, Burne-Jones et l'Art nouveau, au synthétisme de Bourdelle et au style Art déco. La théorie des profils de Rodin lui apprend sa gymnastique de la vue. Janniot lui inspire les étagements des figures dans ses reliefs monumentaux. Sa recherche de références fiables donne une valeur historiciste, didactique et symbolique à ses œuvres qui, après guerre, deviennent parfois trop systématiques. Il excelle dans l'expression de formes lisibles, aux lignes poétiques originales, qui doivent aux audaces des cubistes. Il affirme la continuité d'une identité nationale de l'art et montre qu'elle peut donner naissance à des créations puissantes, rythmées et inventives.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="483398">
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/74/57/40/ANNEX/Haurie_Beatrice.Vol_-_IV_-_illustrations.pdf</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="483401">
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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                <text>Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II</text>
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                <text>Hauser André. Cent mille personnes devant les grilles : les demandeurs et les demandeuses d'emploi d'Abidjan. In : Haeringer Philippe (ed.).  Abidjan au coin de la rue : éléments de la vie citadine dans la métropole ivoirienne. Cahiers ORSTOM.Série Sciences Humaines, 1983, 19 (4), p. 397-413. </text>
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                <text>Abidjan au coin de la rue : éléments de la vie citadine dans la métropole ivoirienne</text>
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                <text>Afin d'endiguer le développement de l'habitat insalubre qui concerne 11% des 3,5 millions d'habitants (en 2001) de Casablanca, des cités d'habitat collectif ont été édifiées dans la périphérie casablancaise depuis les années 1980. Destinées à accueillir des populations déplacées de quartiers insalubres ou sinistrés, ces cités font suite à une histoire de l'habitat social marocain privilégiant les interventions lourdes et visibles tout en figeant les bidonvilles en leur état. Malgré les revendications des mal-logés et les actions des pouvoirs publics, des aménageurs, les relogements en complexes résidentiels illustrent une absence de dialogue entre ces acteurs.&lt;br /&gt;À partir de l'exemple de six cités casablancaises et de l'analyse des pratiques habitantes et des représentations, cette recherche démontre que les familles relogées ne peuvent user que parcimonieusement de leur nouveau statut de "citadins légaux", révélant ainsi la défaillance du volet social des opérations de relogement.</text>
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                <text>Université François Rabelais - Tours</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Casablanca</text>
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                <text>Maroc</text>
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                <text>bidonville</text>
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                <text>insalubrité</text>
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                <text>relogement</text>
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                <text>promotion immobilière</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>LES OPERATIONS DE RELOGEMENT EN HABITAT COLLECTIF A CASABLANCA, DE LA VISION DES AMENAGEURS AUX PRATIQUES DES HABITANTS</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Washbrook, David. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Hazareesingh, Sandip</text>
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                <text>This thesis is a social history of Bombay city in the first quarter of the twentieth century. It explores material changes in urban life consequent upon the impact of modernity and the varied range of contestations of the colonial order which they provoke. The first chapter outlines the specific nature of colonial modernism and shows its impact on the city's spatial forms and on its social relations. Representing a highly selective, power-driven, and essentially technological manipulation of modernity, it ensures distorted and differential outcomes within urban society. These conditions are considerably aggravated by the sudden impact of the First World War, the subject of the second chapter. The War increases material scarcities, worsens conditions of urban life, widens disparities between rich and poor, and intensifies colonial repression. At the same time, the crisis of war brings to the city the full potential of the revolution in communications which carries a modem discourse of civic rights. In the city, Homiman and sections of the bilingual urban intelligentsia rapidly vernacularize this discourse and diffuse it into new social contexts. This is perceived by the local colonial state as seriously threatening and subversive. The third chapter shows how Gandhi's anti-modernist rejection of the city leads to his attempts to control, and in some aspects reverse, this gathering urban momentum for an expansion in citizenship rights. The final chapter considers the new visions of urban citizenship expressed in the agitation for an expansion of civil and democratic rights, and in labour protest movements. This critical modernism looks to the future, rather than to the past, and acts as a force to humanise the city, presenting an alternative and potentially more radical challenge to the colonial state than the Gandhian movement.
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                <text>urban history, urban society, colonial city, urban life, citizenship, social movement, modernity</text>
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                <text>The colonial city and the challenge of modernity : Urban hegemonies and civic contestations in Bombay City, 1905-1925</text>
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