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                <text>This paper is the editors foreword to a Special issue of Built Environment on the Polycentric Metropolis in Europe. It introduces the Mega-City-Region hypothesis developed in the European POLYNET research project and sets out the main arguments of a policy-oriented discussion of this notion.</text>
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                <text>This paper reviews the role of producer services in the scientific debate on metropolisation processes and discusses the different types of agglomeration economies. Based on the critical appraisal of sectoral based approaches, it develops a more functional case study of the geography of producer services in the Paris metropolitan region to test the form and nature of economic specialization. The results confirm the multipolar-monocentric pattern which seems to be a common feature in many European cities. The paper concludes on the importance of a functional and hierarchical division of labor in the Paris city-region.</text>
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                <text>From sectors to functions: producer services, metropolization and agglomeration forces in the Ile-de-France region</text>
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                <text>Les métiers de l'intermédiation – ces activités au cœur des économies modernes qui organisent la circulation de l'information et l'innovation – quitteraient les quartiers d'affaires centraux. Dans le cas francilien, leur desserrement est polarisé plus que dispersé, une vingtaine de centres dessinant une organisation polynucléaire selon une division sectorielle et fonctionnelle des tâches. La consolidation des pôles de moyenne banlieue favorise la fragmentation d'un marché du travail jusqu'alors uni. &lt;br /&gt;La géographie des échanges économiques re-éclaire ce constat. Si les flux téléphoniques générés par les entreprises constituent un système polycentrique, le maintien de la concentration est bien réel. Le triangle centre-métropolitain (Paris-La Défense-Boulogne) est un district informationnel polarisant les échanges et assurant l'intégration de sous-réseaux peu connectés. Le modèle parisien est celui d'un polycentrisme hiérarchisé où la proximité joue un rôle décisif.</text>
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                <text>Densité, desserrement, polycentrisme et transformation&lt;br /&gt;économique des aires métropolitaines.&lt;br /&gt;Interpréter la concentration des activités d'intermédiation dans la&lt;br /&gt;zone centrale de la région francilienne.</text>
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                <text>Chinn, Carl. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>In this thesis I investigate Francis Brett Young’s Birmingham portrait in his North Bromwich novels, showing it to be a valid interpretation, though biased to suit the anti-urban prejudices of its author. Chapter One sets Young in his biographical and literary context. Birmingham during the North Bromwich era (c1870-1939) is examined and the role of novels as historical source established. In Chapter Two I define and explore Young’s North Bromwich canon, one exemplar among many historical realities, and show that the name and soubriquets of North Bromwich interpret Birmingham. Chapter Three investigates North Bromwich’s climate and topography, commercial, political and civic life, indicating clear Birmingham parallels. Chapter Four describes North Bromwich suburbs, housing and transport, each of which accurately replicates Birmingham originals. In Chapter Five I show North Bromwich’s recreational and religious life reflecting Young’s own Birmingham experience. Chapter Six traces North Bromwich’s interpretation of Birmingham’s educational provision, particularly concentrating upon its university’s evolution. Chapter Seven establishes links between North Bromwich and Birmingham medicine, revealing thinly-disguised fictional characters as key Birmingham practioners. Summarizing the above, Chapter Eight confirms the integrity of Young’s North Bromwich portrait and his seminal role in the on-going literary interpretation of Birmingham.</text>
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                <text>http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/172/</text>
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                <text>University of Birmingham</text>
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                <text>Francis Brett Young, Birmingham, regional novels, industrial fiction, historical fiction</text>
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                <text>Francis Brett Young's Birmingham: North Bromwich - city of iron</text>
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                <text>Castro, Ricardo L. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Understanding the pre-modern Muslim-Arab city of the Levant within our embodied modern framework of reference and in the absence of classical texts explaining urban theory within its culture highlights epistemological differences, which endemically produce cultural projections and misrepresentations. Therefore, this dissertation provides a conceptual framework for comprehending the city through an intertwined process of examining key conceptual and historical aspects of the city from within its indigenous culture while, simultaneously, critiquing our modern frameworks for conceptualizing it as currently epitomized in French poststructuralist philosophy. The dissertation undertakes this project through the investigation of the foundational notion of structure and boundaries as defined by dichotomous epistemology in modern Western thinking and by complementary duality in traditional Muslim-Arab epistemology. It reconstitutes the discourse of the city according to these terms by arguing that the latter defines Muslim-Arab worldviews and culture including, most notably, the semantic and phonetic structure of Arabic words. Through an analysis of key architectural and urban terms within a culturally-specific hermeneutical framework, the dissertation shows that compositions of any structural unit as complementary dualities intermediated by liminal mechanisms in order to create a horizontal hierarchy of autonomy and interrelativity are at the basis of the particular concepts of identity, difference, and dimensionality which ground Muslim-Arab ontology. These concepts underlie the intertwined conceptual, spatial, and social orders of the city and frame its urban culture. In comparison to this framework, it demonstrates the limitations of Derrida‘s deconstructionist model of interplay of opposites in overcoming the structuralist, dichotomous, and essentialist notions in understanding the urban order. It also shows the inability of the Foucauldian power discourse on centrality and marginality to break away from its structuralist and dichotomous presuppositions. Finally, the dissertation exposes Deleuze‘s critique of identity and hierarchy as engendering the dichotomous thinking its author had endeavoured to escape. As an alternative, the dissertation proposes a framework indigenous to the Muslim-Arab city based on complementary dualities resulting in a hierarchy of diverse unity. This hierarchy is horizontal, polycentric, and relational relative to another vertical, centric, and metaphysical hierarchy. The meeting of both hierarchies occurs through human agency and defines moral spaces of freedom as the foundation of the cultural values and spatial order of the Muslim-Arab city. </text>
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                <text>http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&amp;object_id=92233&amp;silo_library=GEN01</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Islamic city, Arab city, urban culture, urban space, philosophy, pre-modern city</text>
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                <text>Beyond boundaries : A philosophical mapping of the pre-modern city of the Levant</text>
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                  <text>Géocarrefour</text>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Assoc. des amis de la R.G.L.</text>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>75</text>
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                <text>Halleux, Jean-Marie </text>
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                <text> Lambotte, Jean-Marc</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>
  Le phénomène des logements vides est en Wallonie un problème urbain de plus en plus sérieux. La première partie est consacrée aux mutations territoriales et immobilières observées en Belgique lors des dernières décennies. En s'appuyant sur l'examen de trois enquêtes, la seconde partie porte ensuite sur les choix d'investissements qui expliquent pourquoi des propriétaires de plus en plus nombreux délaissent leur patrimoine immobilier. La première enquête a été réalisée auprès d'un échantillon représentatif des particuliers actifs sur le marché de la location, la deuxième auprès de propriétaires d'immeubles résidentiels vides et la troisième auprès de propriétaires d'immeubles commerciaux comportant des étages vides.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=GEOC_792_0006</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="88431">
                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Géocarrefour, , 2, 2004-04-01, pp.6-6</text>
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                <text>Wallonie</text>
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                <text> marché du logement</text>
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                <text> friches résidentielles</text>
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                <text> Belgique</text>
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                <text> Liège</text>
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                <text> désurbanisation</text>
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                <text> propriétaire immobilier</text>
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                <text>housing market</text>
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                <text> residential brownfield</text>
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                <text> Belgium</text>
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                <text> Liège</text>
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                <text> disurbanisation</text>
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                <text>Friches d'habitat et désurbanisation en Wallonie</text>
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                <text>Merenne-Schoumaker, Bernadette. Directrice de thèse</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Début de l'introduction :&#13;
&#13;
Les biens fonciers, c’est-à-dire les terrains, représentent une ressource première non reproductible et physiquement limitée. Les biens fonciers correspondent aussi à un facteur de production, indispensable à la constitution du cadre bâti et à la mise en place des biens immobiliers, c’est-à-dire les biens que composent un support foncier et un bâtiment.&#13;
L’importance économique des marchés fonciers et immobiliers n’est pas à démontrer. Dans nos régimes libéraux, les moyens mobilisés par ces mécanismes d’échanges sont au coeur d’enjeux sociaux et financiers considérables. En plus de mobiliser une part très importante de la richesse disponible et une part très importante du budget des ménages, les marchés fonciers et immobiliers déterminent aussi l’organisation spatiale des activités humaines et la satisfaction que les populations retirent de leur logement et de la localisation qu’il occupe dans l’espace urbain.</text>
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                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/2268/63714</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1065</text>
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                <text>Université de Liège</text>
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                <text>foncier, urbanisation, espaces résidentiels, immobilier, Belgique</text>
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                <text>Structure spatiale des marchés fonciers et production de l’urbanisation. Application à la Belgique et à ses nouveaux espaces résidentiels</text>
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                  <text>Belgeo est la seule revue scientifique nationale de géographie en Belgique. Au-delà des articles thématiques ou de réflexion, la revue a pour objectif de couvrir les grandes questions géographiques, les problèmes européens et mondiaux ainsi que les problèmes nationaux. Belgeo permet également la propagation des résultats de recherches menées par des géographes belges, souvent à la jonction des approches anglo-saxonne et latine, et ouvre ses pages aux derniers développements tant en géographie humaine que physique.</text>
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                <text>Halleux, Jean-Marie</text>
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                <text>Cet article consacré à l’action publique en matière de périurbanisation interroge le caractère réaliste des ambitions de l’urbanisme durable pour la compacité qualitative des villes. Pour ce faire, nous analysons l’action des décideurs publics en discernant les trois images repères du comportement “aménagiste”, du comportement “expansionniste” et du comportement “sectoriel a-spatial”. Cela conduit à souligner l’attitude multi-facette de l’intervention publique en matière de territoire. Cela conduit également à conclure qu’orienter les évolutions urbaines vers la compacité qualitative nécessiterait des remises en cause fondamentales, tant en termes de politiques sectorielles qu’en termes de démocratie locale et d’équilibre entre droits individuels et droits collectifs. </text>
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                <text>This paper examines the action of public authorities in the domain of peri-urbanization, with the aim to assess the realistic nature of planners’ ambitions for urban compactness. It is in this perspective that we analyse the intervention of public authorities by differentiating the three reference images of “planning-oriented” behaviours, “expansion-oriented” behaviours and “a spatial sector-based” behaviours. This leads to underline the multi-facet attitude of public authorities in the domain of spatial planning. This also leads to the conclusion that the concretization of compact-city objectives would require to call into question the balance between individual and collective rights as well as the conditions of local democracy and the objectives of important sector-based policies. </text>
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                <text>Belgium</text>
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                <text>spatial planning</text>
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                <text>urban sprawl</text>
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                <text>aménagement du territoire</text>
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                <text>Belgique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="557566">
                <text>étalement urbain</text>
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                <text>périurbanisation</text>
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                <text>politiques sectorielles</text>
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                <text>ville compacte</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="557570">
                <text>Vers la ville compacte qualitative ? Gestion de la périurbanisation et actions publiques</text>
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                <text>Hallier-Nader, Brigitte</text>
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                <text>Le vieillissement de la population et la gérontocroisssance sont ancrés sur le territoire national. A Paris, le vieillissement démographique est moins prononcé, mais il s'accompagne d'une augmentation régulière des 85 ans et plus. Cette évolution démographique fait apparaître d'une part l'augmentation de l'espérance de vie en bonne santé et de l'autre, l'augmentation du nombre de personnes dépendantes avec des enjeux politiques, économiques, sociaux, sanitaires et sociétaux. Le vieillissement en bonne santé est au coeur des politiques publiques pour prévenir la perte d'autonomie. Avec l'avancée en âge, le maintien de la mobilité et des sociabilités est essentiel pour conserver son autonomie et son appropriation du territoire de vie. Les trois quarts des 75 ans et plus sont valides, autonomes, et font le choix de rester le plus longtemps possible à leur domicile. Ce constat est essentiel pour mener à bien une politique territoriale du " bien vieillir " et assurer à tous une qualité de vie. L'étude menée dans le 14ème arrondissement à Paris met en relation les pratiques spatiales des 75 ans et plus, leur perception de l'espace et leur représentation du territoire sous la forme de cartes mentales. Elle souligne les disparités socio-spatiales entre les aînés, l'accentuation des besoins lors du rétrécissement de l'espace au grand âge et les dysfonctionnements territoriaux contribuant à l'isolement socio-spatial des personnes âgées. Ce diagnostic à échelle locale identifie des besoins dont les réponses concernent l'ensemble des acteurs du vieillissement du quartier, de l'arrondissement, de la ville et de l'Etat</text>
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                <text>2011PEST1141</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Université Paris-Est</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Pratiques spatiales</text>
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                <text>Qualité de vie</text>
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                <text>Appropriation territoriale</text>
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                <text>Cartes mentales</text>
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                <text>Gérontocroissance</text>
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                <text>Territoire de vie</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="487807">
                <text>Les territoires de vie des 75 ans et plus à Paris : quel environnement urbain pour une qualité de vie durable ?</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="492089">
                <text>Hamberger, Klaus</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cet article vise une réévaluation de la maison en tant que schème génératif de l'espace social. Au lieu de l'interpréter comme simple projection d'une structure sociale dans l'espace physique, nous proposons de la considérer comme un outil pour représenter une même structure sociale de plusieurs points de vue. Bien plus que de fournir le substrat ou l'image d'un groupe (selon le modèle des groupes de filiation), la maison inscrit le point de vue de l'autre dans la constitution du groupe même et se présente ainsi comme objectification d'une relation, dont le cas paradigmatique est l'alliance matrimoniale. Partant de cette conceptualisation de l'alliance en tant qu'axe d'une transformation de perspectives, l'architecture domestique peut servir d'outil d'analyse pour étudier les systè mes de parenté. Cet article cherche à le montrer à travers trois exemples tirés de régions différentes (Timor, Amazonie occidentale et Côte Nord-Ouest).</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00661885</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/66/18/85/PDF/La_maison_en_perspective_version_HAL.pdf</text>
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                <text>L'Homme</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology</text>
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                <text>house</text>
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                <text>Kwakiutl</text>
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                <text>La maison en perspective</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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                <text>Hamel, Pierre</text>
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                <text>La perspective critique élaborée par Henri Lefebvre demeure pertinente pour penser les rapports sociaux à l’espace, y inclus ceux qu’on observe dans les métropoles contemporaines en Amérique du Nord. En examinant la controverse autour de la forme urbaine telle que celle-ci a été remise à l’ordre du jour dans les années 1990 à la faveur du discours néorégionaliste, ce texte pose la question de l’avenir des métropoles et du modèle de ville dans lequel on souhaite vivre. La thèse défendue peut se résumer comme suit : afin de faire échec à la position libérale qui accorde la préséance aux facteurs économiques et aux forces du marché, les acteurs sociaux doivent porter le débat autour de la forme urbaine sur le terrain politique. À cette fin, l’urgence demeure de mobiliser la communauté politique. </text>
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                <text>Henri Lefebvre’s critical approach remains appropriate for thinking about social relationships to space, including those we can now assess in North American metropolis. Through analyzing the controversy about the urban form as it has been highlighted again during the nineties and favored by the new regionalist discourse, this paper poses the question of the future of metropolis and the posterity of the urban model in which one wishes to live. Its thesis could be summarized like this : in order to make fail the liberal position which privileges to economical factors and market forces, social actors have to orientate the debate about the urban form towards the political field. In such a perspective, the emergency remains to mobilize the polity. </text>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/4317</text>
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                <text>Democratization</text>
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                <text>Les métropoles et la nouvelle critique urbaine</text>
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  Le texte s'intéresse à une forme particulière de coopération intercommunale mettant en jeu non seulement des collectivités françaises voisines, mais aussi des collectivités allemandes, autour de la zone frontalière Moselle-Sarre, dessinant les contours d'une gouvernance locale renouvelée dans un rapport singulier à la construction européenne. De la sorte, c'est la redistribution des chances de gagner du pouvoir à l'intérieur du territoire et la transformation des ressources dans la compétition politique que l'on aborde. L'analyse s'ancre dans une sociologie politique et urbaine de la gouvernance, pour souligner tout l'intérêt qu'il y a à revenir sur les différents types d'acteurs en présence et leurs propriétés sociales, afin de comprendre comment la gestion d'une agglomération transfrontalière se met en ?uvre, suivant une articulation sophistiquée de combinaisons entre le modèle politico-administratif du gouvernement local et les modes de gouvernance locale, excluant un certain nombre de partenaires possibles et produisant des modifications de la définition de l'intérêt général, du transfrontalier, des relations avec les acteurs extérieurs et des rapports de pouvoir, modifications significatives de processus d'européanisation « horizontale ».
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                <text>La coopération urbaine transfrontalière ou l'Europe « par le bas » ?</text>
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                <text>Les échelles spatiales et temporelles de la « ville durable »</text>
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                <text> France</text>
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  Cet article traite des rapports de genre et de génération en situation migratoire. L'analyse des repositionnements au sein des familles et dans l'espace public pour les familles immigrées arrivées en France pendant la période fordiste (années 1960), jusqu'à aujourd'hui. La première phase est caractérisée par la perspective du retour. Dans la seconde, la perspective est incertaine. Le passage d'une phase à l'autre montre que ces femmes et ces jeunes filles ne sont plus des passagères dans les espaces physiques communs. Elles occupent une place plus visible dans l'espace public même si celui-ci reste indexé aux hommes. Cette transition permet pour celles et ceux qui en ont les ressources sociales de se dégager en partie des rapports de genre et de génération hérités de la période fordiste.
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                <text>Dans ce texte sont présentées les principales théories sur la gentrification proposées au cours de la dernière décennie, ainsi que le débat qui s'est développé autour d'elles. La gentrification a fait l'objet de nombreuses polémiques, parce qu'il s'agit d'un des champs de bataille théoriques les plus importants en géographie humaine, qui met en lumière les oppositions entre structure et action, production et consommation, capital et culture, offre et demande. Mais chacune des deux grandes explications qui ont été avancées pour rendre compte du processus de gentrification est une explication partielle, nécessaire mais non suffisante. Une explication complète de la gentrification doit à la fois tenir compte de la production des quartiers dévalorisés et de logements dégradés, et de la production de gentrifieurs et de leurs modes spécifiques de consommation et de reproduction. </text>
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                <text>The blind men and the elephants : the explanation of gentrification This paper critically reviews the major theories of gentrification which have emerged over the last 10 years and the debate which has surrounded them. It argues the reason why the gentrification debate has attracted so much interest, and has been so hard fought, is that is one of key theoretical battlegrounds of contemporary human geography which highlights the arguments between structure and agency, production and consumption, capital and culture, and supply and demand. It also argues that each of the two major explanations which have been advanced to account for gentrifrication (the rent gap and the production of gentrifiers) is a partial explanation necessary but not sufficient. Finally, it argues that an integrated explanation for gentrification must involve both explanation of the production of devalued areas and housing and the production of gentrifiers and their specific consumption and reproduction patterns.  </text>
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