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                <text> conflits de proximité</text>
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                <text>Coexistence conflictuelle aux portes de la ville de Mexico : un ancien pueblo et une enclave sécurisée</text>
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                <text>L'objectif de cette thèse est d'interroger la mise en œuvre locale des politiques du patrimoine urbain. Ce travail propose de dépasser une approche juridique des instruments d'action publique pour analyser leurs dimensions territoriales et appréhender leurs effets sur les centres-villes. Nous avons construit une approche comparée des modalités de l'institutionnalisation locale de l'action patrimoniale à partir de l'étude de trois villes du Val de Loire (Angers, Tours et Orléans) pour montrer le rôle des instruments dans la patrimonialisation des espaces urbains. Ce travail retrace l'instrumentation du patrimoine depuis le XIXe siècle jusqu'à aujourd'hui, avant de confronter les outils aux réalités locales. Les modalités de mise en œuvre des politiques patrimoniales ont été différentes dans les trois villes, tant dans leurs temporalités, effectivités et dimensions territoriales que dans le choix des outils. Il s'agit de comprendre en quoi les instruments sont une grille de lecture des enjeux de la patrimonialisation des centres anciens. Ce travail interroge les relations entre diffusion des politiques patrimoniales et instruments territorialisés. Il permet de saisir, dans sa complexité, les spécificités locales de la mise en œuvre de politiques patrimoniales.</text>
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                <text>Université François Rabelais - Tours</text>
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                <text>Les dimensions territoriales des politiques du patrimoine urbain : instruments, enjeux et jeux d'acteurs dans trois villes du Val de Loire (Angers, Tours et Orléans)</text>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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                <text>Cette contribution vise à présenter et discuter l'approche de la patrimonialisation des espaces urbains par les instruments d'action publique. A travers l'étude de plusieurs outils mobilisés dans le cadre de la patrimonialisation de trois centres anciens (Angers, Tours et Orléans), il s'agit de comprendre en quoi les instruments constituent une grille de lecture des enjeux des politiques publiques patrimoniales.</text>
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                <text>Internationale de l'imaginaire</text>
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                <text>Le patrimoine, oui, mais quel patrimoine ?</text>
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                <text>Patrimoine en action(s), un regard sur les politiques publiques patrimoniales</text>
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                <text>conference proceeding</text>
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                <text>Ce texte est une introduction du cahier n°1 "Construction politique et sociale des territoires" sur l'analyse de la patrimonialisation des espaces urbains.</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/68/15/36/PDF/La_patrimonialisation_de_l_urbain.pdf</text>
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                <text>Cahiers Construction Politique et Sociale des Territoires</text>
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                <text>Depuis que le patrimoine prend une ampleur importante dans les politiques publiques et qu'il participe à la mise en valeur des territoires locaux, le législateur n'a cessé de créer de nouveaux instruments d'action publique, variant les modes de gestion et de protection du patrimoine. Avec la décentralisation, des recompositions d'acteurs s'immiscent jusque dans les politiques du patrimoine, pourtant encore centralisées. Face aux pratiques actuelles qui s'orientent vers la contractualisation et le partenariat, cet article interroge l'utilisation des concepts de gouvernance et de régulation pour décrire ces nouveaux modes d'action en prenant appui sur la spécificité des politiques patrimoniales à Tours et Orléans.</text>
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                <text>Dans un contexte global où la prise en compte du patrimoine s'intensifie tant au niveau de la diversité des espaces traités que de leur surface, de multiples mesures de protection et de sauvegarde de ces éléments patrimoniaux existent. En France, c'est l'Etat qui reste compétent dans ce domaine malgré les lois de décentralisation des années 1980 donnant aux diverses collectivités territoriales une certaine autonomie. Cependant, une procédure échappe partiellement à la règle et introduit une nouvelle façon de penser l'action patrimoniale en privilégiant la négociation et le consensus : dans la lignée des politiques contractuelles liées à la décentralisation, les zones de protection du patrimoine architectural, urbain et paysager (ZPPAUP) permettent en effet une mise en débat de la patrimonialisation sur une scène locale de négociation en faisant plus amplement intervenir la collectivité locale concernée. Ce mode d'action s'apparente à un processus de gouvernance de l'action publique mais sans aller jusqu'au bout de la démarche, pour ne constituer qu'un mode de régulation spécifique de l'action patrimoniale locale. A partir de l'exemple d'une ville française, Orléans, cet article interroge la pertinence de l'utilisation des notions de gouvernance et de régulation patrimoniale dans la mise en place récente d'une zone de protection du patrimoine architectural, urbain et paysager sur un centre ancien.</text>
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                <text>migrations urbaines</text>
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                <text>Simon Gildas. Rapport introductif. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-2. Visages de la population de la France - Faces of french population. pp. 169-170.</text>
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                <text>Partant d'une étude sur la migration maghrébine, réalisée en commun avec Daniel Noin (1972), l'auteur s'efforce de dresser un bilan synthétique des changements les plus significatifs qui ont affecté cet important mouvement migratoire depuis cette date. Le chemin parcouru est considérable. L'espace migratoire maghrébin, autrefois polarisé par la France et ses voisins du nord-est, est en voie de mondialisation, avec l'installation croissante de migrants dans le Golfe persique et en Amérique du Nord. Les migrations classiques de travail, essentiellement masculines, à fort taux de rotation, font place à un véritable système relationnel, structuré par des diasporas ouvrières et commerçantes dont le cas marocain représente le stade le plus avancé. Les migrants maghrébins d'aujourd'hui ont tout à fait intégré qu'ils fonctionnent désormais à l'intérieur d'espaces transnationaux de plus en plus complexes et riches en potentialités. C'est dans ce nouveau cadre conceptuel, qu'il convient sans doute d'examiner la délicate question de la contribution de la migration internationale au développement local.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="383069">
                <text>The North African Migration 25 Years on. 

Starting from a study on the North African migration written in conjunction with Daniel Noin (1972), the author endeavours to review the most significant changes which have affected this important migratory movement since this date. Considerable ground has been covered. The North African migratory destinations which were one focused on France and its north-east neighbours are now becoming world-wide with more and more migrants settling in the Persian Gulf and North America. The classic migrations for work, mainly men with a high rate of rotation, have created a real system of relationships, structured by the diaspora of workmen and tradesmen which mainly concern Moroccans. The North African migrants at the moment have completely accepted that they now work within transnational areas, which have more and more potential. It is from this new conceptual context that it might be suitable to examine the delicate question of the contribution that international migration has on local development.</text>
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                <text>Simon Gildas. La migration maghrébine 25 ans après.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1996-1. Hommage à Daniel Noin. pp. 29-35.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1996_num_14_1_1726</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="383075">
                <text>International Migration ; Transnational Areas ; Diaspora ; Local Development ; North Africa</text>
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                <text>Espaces transnationaux ; Développement local ; Diasporas ; Maghreb ; migrations internationales</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="383077">
                <text>La migration maghrébine 25 ans après.</text>
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                <text>289-300</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382854">
                <text>Gilles Boquérat</text>
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                <text>1997</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382856">
                <text>L'Inde depuis cinquante ans a eu à de multiples reprises l'occasion d'accueillir sur son sol des réfugiés. La position gouvernementale à leur égard a évolué au fil du temps. Au lendemain de la Partition, l'accueil des populations hindoues et sikhs venant du Pakistan fut d'autant moins contesté que l'exode semblait stigmatiser les débordements auxquels conduisait inévitablement un Etat religieux par opposition au modèle laïc indien. A la fin des années cinquante les Tibétains réfugiés personnifiaient la perfidie de la Chine communiste dont les Indiens se sentaient également victimes. Par contre, c'est presque à contrecoeur que l'Inde accueillit les membres de la communauté indienne de Birmanie et du Sri Lanka. A partir du début des années soixante-dix, les réfugiés vont davantage être considérés comme un facteur potentiel de déstabilisation, que ce soit en aiguisant les tensions ethniques, en entrant en concurrence avec les populations locales pour l'accès à des produits de première nécessité ou à des infrastructures publiques, voire même en faisant peser des menaces sur le maintien de l'ordre public. Dès lors la politique gouvernementale, une fois les objectifs stratégiques imbriqués remplis, fut surtout d'oeuvrer au retour de ces réfugiés dans leur pays d'origine.</text>
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                <text>The Flows of Refugees in India.

During the last fifty years, India has on several occasions greeted refugees on its soil. The official stand with regard to these refugees has evolved with the passing years. After the Partition, displaced Hindu and Sikh populations from Pakistan welcomed since their exile seemed to emphasize the excesses inherent to a religious State in opposition to the Indian secular polity. At the end of the fifties, Tibetan refugees were the embodiment of Chinese perfidy of which India was also victim. On the other hand, India reluctantly rapatriated members of Indian communities in Burma and Sri Lanka. From the early seventies, refugees are more and more perceived as a destabilizing factor, with a potential for exacerbating internal ethnic conflicts, competing with indigeneous people for scarce resources, or even threatening the law and order. Consequently, the policy of the Indian government, once its strategic objectives have been fulfilled, is to work towards a satisfactory repatriation of the displaced populations in their native lands.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382858">
                <text>Boquérat Gilles. Les flux de réfugiés en Inde. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1997-2-3. Les populations du monde indien - Populations of the Indian Countries. pp. 289-300.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1997_num_15_2_1812</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1997.1812</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382862">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Refugees ; South Asia ; India</text>
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                <text>Asie du Sud ; Inde ; Réfugiés</text>
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                <text>Les flux de réfugiés en Inde</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375712">
                <text>373-385</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375713">
                <text>Gilles Ferréol</text>
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                <text>1988</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Management of works, family structures and female activity 
6 
As part of a long term evolution, the increase in the number of working women has led to radical changes. Some of these reflect the emergence of new forms of sociability; others are part of a more specific socio-economic context. The coexistence of several patterns (patrimonial, conjugal or communal) as observed through the use of recent empirical material, enriches our understanding of the various types of interaction between the changes in family relationships and the feminization of the workforce.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375716">
                <text>S'inscrivant dans une évolution de longue durée, l'extension du travail féminin s'est accompagnée de profondes transformations. Certaines traduisent l'émergence de nouvelles formes de sociabilité; d'autres s'insèrent dans un contexte socio-économique plus spécifique. Saisie à travers l'exploitation de matériaux empiriques récents, la coexistence de plusieurs logiques (patrimoniale, conjugale ou associative) enrichit notre compréhension des différentes interactions unissant trajectoires familiales et féminisation de la main-d'œuvre.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375717">
                <text>Ferréol Gilles. Gestion de la main-d'œuvre, institution familiale et activité féminine. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-3. La population face à l'emploi - Population and work opportunities. pp. 373-385.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1988_num_6_3_1282</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375721">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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                <text>■ Gilles Laferté: Le spectacle historique de Meaux (1982-2000): l'invention locale d'un modèle national Portée par un contexte de municipalisation et de patrimonialisation de la culture, la municipalité de gauche de Meaux, élue en 1977, fonde un spectacle historique en 1982 qui s'est pérennisé jusqu'à aujourd'hui. À l'époque, en théâtralisant l'histoire dans la cour de la cité épiscopale avec la participation de : centaines de figurants bénévoles, cette animation innove par rapport à l'offre de spectacle en plein air représentée : essentiellement par le son et lumière. La manifestation meldoise fait école et participe à l'institutionnalisation de ce nouveau modèle national de culture locale, le spectacle historique, qui est désormais un «produit» exporté partout en France par ses spécialistes. Les spectacles historiques, produits de l'investissement par le politique des mondes culturels et historiques locaux, redéfinissent l'histoire, la mémoire des lieux, selon des exigences touristiques, spectaculaires et promotionnelles.</text>
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                <text>The Historical Show Of Meaux (1982- 2000): The Local Invention of A National Mode Supported by a context of increasing municipal and national heritage involvement in culture, the Left-wing municipal government of Meaux, elected in 1977, decided to put on an historical show in 1982 which has continued up to the present. At the time, dramatising history in the courtyard of the Episcopal . city with the participation of hundreds of volunteer extras was an innovative event : compared to open-air shows mainly involving sound and light. The Meaux event caught on and has taken part in turning this new national model of local culture - the historical show - into an institution, which has since become a - "product" exported throughout France by its specialists. Historical shows, which are products , resulting from , political investment in local cultural and the historical world, are redefining history and the memory of places in keeping with the requirements of tourists, showmanship and marketing. .</text>
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                <text>■ Bruno Dumons, Gilles Pollet: De l'administration des villes au gouvernement des «hommes de la Ville» sous la IIIe République La mise en administration et la républicanisation progressives des sociétés locales, suivies d'une centralisation et d'une relative homogénéisation du statut de la fonction publique territoriale, semblent constituer un bon observatoire pour analyser le mouvement plus général d'étatisation de la société française. La bureaucratisation des municipalités ne débouche toutefois pas toujours sur des organisations municipales plus démocratiques. Mais les effets sociaux de ces processus s'incarnent dans la normalisation des pratiques et l'imposition, à travers les règlements et les statuts, de types comportementaux caractérisant l'employé- modèle, «l'homme de la Ville».</text>
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                <text>Bruno Dumons and Gilles Pollet: From Administering Cities to Governing City Officers during the Third Republic The gradual administrative and republican organisation of local society, followed by centralisation and the relatively uniform status granted to territorial public service, seem to offer a good observatory for the analysis of the more general shift of French society towards state control. The bureaucratising of local governments, however, did not always lead to more democratic municipal organisations. Yet the social effects of these processes were embodied in normalised practices and types of behaviour imposed by regulations and statutes, characterising the model employee: «the officer».</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="437987">
                <text>Dumons Bruno, Pollet Gilles, . De l'administration des villes au gouvernement des «hommes de la Ville» sous la IIIe République. In: Genèses, 28, 1997. Étatisations. pp. 52-75.</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Les sciences sociales en rupture avec le positivisme doivent rétablir le caractère tragique et singulier des acteurs en situation d'extrême pauvreté. Les études quantitatives et macro-économiques menées depuis plusieurs décennies par les organisations internationales au Niger sont des outils mal adaptés pour comprendre la réalité quotidienne d'un pays qui se meurt. Cette contribution tentera de montrer comment à partir de l'étude microsociologique - celle des mendiants et de leur quotidien - les perspectives de la Banque mondiale et des organisations internationales concernant la pauvreté peuvent être enrichies. </text>
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                <text>http://articulo.revues.org/829</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="552233">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="552234">
                <text>Africa</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="552235">
                <text>development</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="552236">
                <text>everyday life</text>
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                <text>Niger</text>
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                <text>Les théories du quotidien et la mendicité au Niger</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="474366">
                <text>Gillon, Pascal</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474367">
                <text>N'Diaye, Oumar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474368">
                <text>Caro, Patrice</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474370">
                <text>L'étude porte sur l'utilisation des NTIC par le grand public et les acteurs publics. D'une part, nous analysons la localisation des sites Internet en France à partir des données fournies par l'AFNIC, organisme centralisateur des noms de domaine en ".fr". À partir de cet échantillon (un quart des sites français), nous retrouvons une partition assez nette de l'espace français, entre la région parisienne, les métropoles d'équilibre et le reste de la France. D'autre part, nous tentons de recenser les initiatives menées par les institutions publiques en charge de l'aménagement du territoire dans le domaine des NTIC. Après avoir explicité le cadre réglementaire et économique dans lequel les collectivités sont obligées de travailler, nous décrivons les principales initiatives en tentant d'expliciter les motivations des partenaires. La partition de l'espace est dans ce cas beaucoup moins nette, puisque les acteurs publics en milieu rural ont parfois une conscience plus aiguë des possibilités qu'offrent les NTIC que les acteurs publics en milieu urbain.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00840489</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="474372">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/84/04/89/PDF/Article_Netcom231-256_1_.PDF</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474373">
                <text>FRE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474374">
                <text>NETCOM</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474375">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="474376">
                <text>NTIC"Sites Internet"Fournisseurs d'accès Internet"Localisation"Diffusion"France</text>
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                <text>La plupart des jardins publics dans le monde arabe sont très importants pour les couches populaires qui peuvent entre autres y fêter le printemps.</text>
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                <text>Les jardins aussi peuvent être patrimonialisés...</text>
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                <text>Habiter le patrimoine. Sens, vécu, imaginaire.</text>
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                <text>La nature urbaine patrimonialisée: usage et perception. Le cas de deux jardins marocains.</text>
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