A landscape potential characterization: spatial template of pedestrian ambient fields within the urban fabric
[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management
[INFO:INFO_MO] Computer Science/Modeling and Simulation
Through interacting with urban and architectural spaces, pedestrian pathway's ambient fingerprints delineate ambiences with identifiable characteristics, thus characterizing landscape perception potentialities. Based on a measure of the surrounding open spaces using isovists, our proposal consists in building a sensory Digital Terrain models (DTM) in which the entropy of the function of radial distances is used as a third dimension. As a case study, the distribution of entropy of the Place Royale square in Nantes (France), presented in a dedicated DTM, helps us characterizing the space " intimacy quality " for each observation point. This measure constitutes a relevant indicator of spatial wealth, revealing several perspectives occurrences for a given point of view during an urban walk. This way, this geotopical process establishes a spatial potential, so as to provide to a pedestrian the ability to reach specified townscapes to be contemplated. This sensorial investigation aims to constitute a tool basis for multi-sensorial planning and design process.
1e conférence intercontinentale en intelligence territoriale (IT-Gatineau 2011)
conference, seminar, workshop communication
, littérature, Paris, Robertson Jamie Cox
Abstract from the publisher : You don't have to live in Paris to experience her unique beauty, allure, and enchantment. With this dazzling literary celebration of the City of Light, you can stroll along the Seine with David Sedaris in Me Talk Pretty One Day, sample croissants in a patisserie with M.F.K. Fisher in As They Were, and savor Mona Lisa's smile at the Louvre with Mark Twain in Innocents Abroad. With fascinating annotations on the works, the writers, and the wonders of one of the world's most beautiful places, A Literary Paris takes you on a bon voyage through this incomparable city--one mot juste at a time! Contents : Giovanni's room - James Baldwin Claudine in Paris - Colette Capturing Paris - Katharine Davis A tale of two cities - Charles Dickins As they were - M.F.K. Fisher Madame Bovary - Gustave Flaubert I wish someone were waiting for me somewhere - Anna Gavalda A moveable feast - Ernest Hemingway Les misérables - Victor Hugo The ambassadors - Henry James Satori in Paris - Jack Kerouac The razor's edge - W. Somerset Maugham A woman's life - Guy de Maupassant Chasing Cézanne - Peter Mayle Me talk pretty one day - David Sedaris The innocents abroad - Mark Twain April in Paris - Michael Wallner Our Paris - Edmund White The fat and the thin - Émile Zola Jamie Cox Robertson holds a master's degree in literature. She was the founding editor of Southern Literary Review, an online source for quality Southern fiction, and lectures at Suffolk University.
A mall for all? Race and public space in post-apartheid Cape Town
[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
This article analyses post-apartheid public spaces through social and spatial practices at the Victoria & Alfred (V&A) Waterfront mall in Cape Town. Our empirical evidence suggests that these public spaces involve much more than just consumption patterns, as they sustain and support novel ways of asserting social identities in a new political situation. These changes are, however, quite complex and fraught with ambivalence. Consequently, we scrutinize how race is staged in that space, and how racial diversity produces various kinds of boundaries. We then argue that these urban practices lead us to an understanding of the precarious balance between private and public spaces. We propose the notion of `publicization' -- the process whereby private spaces acquire a more public dimension.
A Material Flow Analysis of Paris and its Region
[SHS:ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies
[SDE:ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Material flow analysis (MFA) is a powerful tool that helps understanding national, regional and urban metabolism. It provides some indicators of (un)sustainability and can contribute to the definition of public environmental policy. The paper presents the results of a research project that aimed 1) to examine the feasibility of MFA at the regional and urban scale in France, 2) to select the most appropriate method, 3) to identify the available data, then 4) to realise the material balance in the specific case of Paris and its region. On the basis of the Eurostat method, the study was conducted at three levels: Paris (2.2 million inhab.), Paris and its suburbs (6.3 million inhab.) and the whole region (11.3 million inhab.). The data collection revealed the lack of information about solid wastes and energy consumption (a very paradoxical situation!) but was successful enough to allow the realisation of the material balance for the year 2003 (but not to calculate hidden flows). The results show the need for a multi-scale approach as urban life in Paris depends on the suburbs; the consequence of both concentration of activities in the city centre and urban sprawl on material flows; the poor recycling and the huge flow to nature, etc. They encourage using MFA in the urban context as a basis to material flow management and to dematerialisation.
Renewables in a changing Climate - Innovation in the Built Environment
International Conference Renewables in a changing Climate - Innovation in the Built Environment
A metageography of port-city relationships
This chapter is an empirical attempt to identify the nature and regional dimension of port-city relationships on a world scale. Although general processes of such relationships can be identified in the literature, regional variations are still not well understood when dealing with the insertion of port cities in the global transport chain. An analysis of a world sample is proposed using simple characteristics such as geographical coordinates, urban population, logistic activities, port infrastructures, maritime traffic and transport connections. Factors of port hierarchy, land/sea, port/city, and logistic/intermodal oppositions create north-south and east-west patterns. An equilibrate insertion between different functions or networks gives a sustainable position to some port cities within the transport chain. Finally, this chapter serves as an experimental complement to the study of world regionalisation and global-local processes
A Monocentric City With Discrete Transit Stations
[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances
We extend the monocentric model by considering a discrete number of accessible mass transit stations. Households combine two modes for their daily home-to-work trip: a first mode for terminal access to stations and a second (long haul) mode which consists in radial mass transit axes. The urban equilibrium, i.e. city size and households' distribution, is derived as a function of the mass transit network and the distribution of land housing capacity. Then at the urban equilibrium the land rent is peaked at transit stations and decreases with the travel cost from the city center rather than with the distance to it. Accordingly, the housing lot size increases with the travel cost from the city center. These features distinguish our framework from previous monocentric models. Our analysis is based on the assumptions that land-owners are absent and city is open (the households' level of utility is given and the population size is endogenous). For numerical illustration, the model is calibrated to a selected rail network in the Paris area. A sensitivity analysis of the urban structure and land-use equilibrium is conducted with respect to the key model parameters.
A multiagent urban traffic simulation Part I: dealing with the ordinary
[INFO:INFO_AI] Computer Science/Artificial Intelligence
We describe in this article a multiagent urban traffic simulation, as we believe individual-based modeling is necessary to encompass the complex influence the actions of an individual vehicle can have on the overall flow of vehicles. We first describe how we build a graph description of the network from purely geometric data, ESRI shapefiles. We then explain how we include traffic related data to this graph. We go on after that with the model of the vehicle agents: origin and destination, driving behavior, multiple lanes, crossroads, and interactions with the other vehicles in day-to-day, “ordinary” traffic. We conclude with the presentation of the resulting simulation of this model on the Rouen agglomeration.
A multiagent urban traffic simulation. Part II: dealing with the extraordinary
In Probabilistic Risk Management, risk is characterized by two quantities: the magnitude (or severity) of the adverse consequences that can potentially result from the given activity or action, and by the likelihood of occurrence of the given adverse consequences. But a risk seldom exists in isolation: chain of consequences must be examined, as the outcome of one risk can increase the likelihood of other risks. Systemic theory must complement classic PRM. Indeed these chains are composed of many different elements, all of which may have a critical importance at many different levels. Furthermore, when urban catastrophes are envisioned, space and time constraints are key determinants of the workings and dynamics of these chains of catastrophes: models must include a correct spatial topology of the studied risk. Finally, literature insists on the importance small events can have on the risk on a greater scale: urban risks management models belong to self-organized criticality theory. We chose multiagent systems to incorporate this property in our model: the behavior of an agent can transform the dynamics of important groups of them.
A municipalização portuária em Itajaí e a redefinição das relações entre cidade e porto
La crise du fordisme de la fin du XXème siècle a mis en échec les stratégies et les mécanismes classiques de gestion des flux materiels et immatériels désormais produits par une économie toujours plus globalisée. Selon certains auteurs comme Veltz, la logistique et la gestion intégrée du processus productif caractérisant la période s´ouvrant avec la ville reponde aux nouveaux impératifs de la productivité qui dépend de la capacite d´organisation, coordination et intégration entre les diverses segments et acteurs pour faire face aux exigences de la differenciation. La logique tayloriste organisant transports et production de manière segmentée est désormais dépassée. Dans ce contexte, de nouvelles perspectives d´insertion dans l´économie mondiale s´ouvrent pour les régions définissant des stratégies dans ce but. L´espace économique mondial acquiert en effet une nouvelle configuration, redessinant les contours de la division territoriale/internationale du travail. Dans le cadre de ces transformations ont lieu des disputes territoriales pour capter les investissements et les flux de la globalisation. Les villes ports surgissent alors comme des espaces économiques differenciés disposant d´un grand potentiel d´organisation de la circulation dans la mesure où elles sont des noeuds stratégiques pour la capitation/articulation des flux qui s´intensifient dans l´économie des réseaux du capitalisme contemporrain. En partant de ces questions et suivant une approche systémique de nature territoriale, nous entendons analyser la dimension productive de la relation entre la ville et l´équipement portuaire telle qu´elle se pose à Itajaí (Santa Catarina) en fonction de la municipalisation du port entreprise au cours des années 1990. Au delà de son caractère pionnier pour ce qui est de l´usage du dispositif régulateur permettant la décentralisation des ports vers les Municipes, Itajaí fait aussi figure d´exemple dans le domaine de la gestion intégrée du port et de la ville. Cela se traduit par l´émergence d´un tertiaire portuaire dans la région et par une augmentation de sa competitivité dans le système maritime portuaire mondial.
The crisis of fordism at the end of the last century undermines the strategies and classic mechanisms for the management of material and immaterial flows produced in an increasingly globalized economy. Some authors consider that this could be the emergence of a period dominated by the logistics and integrated management of the production process – where productivity is more closely linked to the ability of organization, coordination and interaction among the various segments and actors, promoting what Veltz (1999) called “competitiveness through differentiation” – rather than the logics of the transports and segmented production of Taylorism type. Based on this scenario, new prospects of integration into world economy are drawn from various strategies of the more economically competitive regions and the others. The global economic space acquires a new configuration and redefines the contours of the international territorial division of labour. Under these transformations, territorial disputes occur in all geographic scales to “capture” the investments and flows of globalization. In this context, the city-ports becomes a economic space with great potential for organizing the world economy. They are positioned as strategic nodes in the economy-networks that attract/articulate the material and immaterial flows that multiply in contemporary capitalism. Thus, based on a systemic and territorial approach, we intend to analyze the productive dimension of the relation between city and port that is configured in the city of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, from the municipalization of the port in mid 1990s. In addition to its pioneering use of the regulatory device that allows the transfer of responsibility for administration of the ports of the Union for municipalities; Itajaí also figures as a unique case of integrated management between city and port. This experience allows the constitution of a port tertiary in the region and increases its competitiveness in the global marine system port.
A crise do fordismo em fins do século passado pôs em xeque as estratégias e mecanismos clássicos de gestão dos fluxos materiais e imateriais produzidos numa economia cada vez mais globalizada. Alguns autores falam na emergência de um período de domínio da logística e da gestão integrada do processo produtivo – onde a produtividade encontra-se mais ligada à capacidade de organização, coordenação e interação entre os diversos segmentos e atores, promovendo o que Veltz (1999) denomina "competitividade pela diferenciação" – em detrimento de uma era de predomínio da lógica dos transportes e da produção segmentada de tipo taylorista. Nesse cenário, novas perspectivas de inserção na economia mundial são desenhadas de formas e a partir de estratégias variadas tanto nas regiões de economia mais competitiva quanto nas demais. O espaço econômico mundial adquire assim nova configuração, redefinindo os contornos da divisão territorial/internacional do trabalho. No âmbito dessas transformações, desdobram-se disputas territoriais em todas as escalas geográficas na busca pela "captura" de investimentos e dos fluxos da globalização. As cidades-portos, nesse contexto, vêm se configurando como espaços econômicos diferenciados com grande potencial de organização da economia mundial uma vez que se posicionam na economia-das-redes como nós estratégicos para a captação/articulação dos fluxos materiais e imateriais que se multiplicam no capitalismo contemporâneo. Tendo como referência essas questões, e a partir de uma abordagem sistêmica de natureza territorial, pretendemos analisar a dimensão produtiva da relação entre cidade e porto que se configura no Município de Itajaí, Estado de Santa Catarina, em função e a partir da municipalização portuária empreendida em meados dos anos 1990. Além do seu pioneirismo na utilização do dispositivo regulatório que permite a transferência da responsabilidade pela administração dos portos da União para os municípios, Itajaí também figura no Brasil como um caso singular de gestão integrada entre cidade e porto, experiência esta que vem se traduzindo na constituição de um importante terciário portuário na região e na ampliação de sua competitividade no sistema marítimo portuário mundial.
Nantes, aménagement urbain, projet urbain, patrimoine urbain, mémoire, urbanisme, Gravelaine Frédérique de
Présentation par l'éditeur : Place publique lancent Les Chroniques de l’Île, une collection d’ouvrages consacrés à ce nouveau pan de ville qui se construit sous nos yeux. Accepter l’héritage, celui des Chantiers navals, des hangars, des fonderies,mais aussi écrire de nouvelles pages, renouer avec le fleuve, forger le patrimoine de demain. Ce premier volume est consacré à la manière originale dont se battent ici les cartes du passé, du présent, de l’avenir. La rédaction en est assurée par Frédérique de Gravelaine, auteur de nombreux livres sur l’urbanisme. Il est possible de lire le numéro en ligne. Pour cela, cliquez sur "Les chroniques de l'île #1", puis choisissez "Lire la publication".
A nice place to visit : Tourism, urban revitalization, and the transformation of postwar American cities
urban history, urban planning, urban renewal, tourism, urban policy
This dissertation examines the growth of tourism as a strategy for downtown renewal in the postwar American city. In the years after World War II, American cities declined precipitously as residents and businesses relocated to rapidly-expanding suburbs. Governmental and corporate leaders, seeking to arrest this decline, embarked upon an ambitious program of physical renewal of downtowns. The postwar urban crisis was a boon for the urban tourist industry. Finding early renewal efforts ineffective in stemming the tide of deindustrialization and suburbanization, urban leaders subsidized, with billions of dollars in public finances, the construction of an infrastructure of tourism within American downtowns. By the latter decades of the period, tourist development had moved from a relatively minor strategy for urban renewal to a key measure of urban success. This dissertation traces the development of postwar urban tourism in the cities of Baltimore, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. Each city provides a case study for a different type of urban tourist development: hotels, convention centers, stadiums, and festival marketplaces. Such tourist development fulfilled a multiplicity of desires and needs in the postwar city. First, tourism catered to the growing consumerist ethic of postwar America, in which not only goods but experiences became consumer objects; thus cities were remade into easily consumable entities. Secondly, it offered opportunities for urban revitalization that required little in the way of sacrifice from middle-class Americans, an attribute that became especially attractive after the conservative backlash of the late 1960s. Finally, tourist development allowed city leaders to project an image of urban vitality even while much of their cities remained in dire straits. While much of the scholarship on urban tourism has either celebrated its ability to renew cities or condemned its inauthenticity and delocalizing tendencies, this dissertation argues that tourism's often exploitative nature had little to do with its inherent characteristics but rather lay in the choices of leaders who saw a revitalized downtown as their highest goal, and were often willing to sacrifice the traditional measures of civic improvement to achieve that end.
A Paris sous la révolution, nouvelles approches de la ville
Paris, révolution, histoire urbaine, acte colloque, Monnier Raymonde
Présentation par l'éditeur : Ce livre réunit les actes du colloque international accueilli à l’Hôtel de Ville en octobre 2005, qui souhaitait esquisser, comme le souligne Daniel Roche en introduction, par delà les acquis "un projet pour des tentatives de relecture et d’approfondissement, d’ouverture et de renouvellement". L’originalité de l’ensemble est d’associer des champs d’étude moins fréquentés que l’histoire politique de la capitale en révolution. Il s’agit d’étudier la Cité, carrefour unique dans la France du XVIIIe siècle de production et d’échange des biens matériels et symboliques, sous l’angle d’un espace en mutation au plan administratif, économique et culturel. Les contributions publiées dans ce volume croisent les points de vue pour tenter de réévaluer les mutations à l’oeuvre dans les infrastructures, les métiers et les entreprises, comme dans l’administration – de l’urbanisme à la sécurité et au maintien de l’ordre. D’autres transformations, économiques, affectent les domaines de la construction, des transports et de la politique sanitaire, dans une ville industrielle déjà malade de ses pollutions. Au plan culturel, on voit se redessiner les espaces, tant du côté de l’art dramatique et du musée que des modalités de l’éloquence, de la sociabilité savante ou des défis dans l’univers de la gravure, dont témoignent les Tableaux historiques de la Révolution. L’ouvrage permet ainsi de comprendre comment une intense politisation a entraîné de multiples innovations qui ont rejailli sur le quotidien de tous les Parisiens de la capitale.
A partir d'enquêtes en quartiers populaires dakarois : critiques d'une forme de planification urbaine
Anquetil N., Vernière Marc. A partir d'enquêtes en quartiers populaires dakarois : critiques d'une forme de planification urbaine. Paris : EPHE, 1975, 10 p. multigr.
A pegada ecológica como instrumento de avaliação ambiental para a cidade de Londrina
Dans la définition des outils d’évaluation environnementale et de qualité de vie, l’empreinte écologique (Ecological Footprint), proposée par William Rees et Mathis Wackernagel (1996), est utilisée comme un important indicateur environnemental et de développement durable à différentes échelles d’analyse. Dans le présent article elle est utilisée pour une analyse environnementale urbaine, en évaluant les impacts produits par la ville de Londrina-PR et par les citoyens qui y habitent. L’empreinte a été calculée selon neuf variables, qualitatives et quantitatives, analysées à partir d’outils de Système d’Informations Géographiques (SIG).
In the definition of environmental evaluation tools and life quality, the Ecological Footprint, proposed by William Rees and Mathis Wackernagel (1996), it has been used as an important indicator of environmental and sustainability pointer at different analysis scales. In the current article it was used the Ecological Footprint for an urban analysis, evaluating the impacts generated by the city of Londrina-PR and by its citizens. The footprint was calculated through nine variables, qualitative and quantitative, analyzed from the Geographic Information System GIS.
Na definição de ferramentas de avaliação ambiental e qualidade de vida, a Pegada Ecológica (Ecological Footprint), proposta por William Rees e Mathis Wackernagel (1996), vem sendo utilizada como um importante indicador ambiental e de sustentabilidade em diferentes escalas de análise. No presente artigo utilizou-se a Pegada Ecológica para uma análise ambiental urbana, avaliando os impactos gerados pela cidade de Londrina-PR, e pelos cidadãos que nela habitam. A pegada foi calculada através de nove variáveis, qualitativas e quantitativas, analisadas a partir de ferramentas de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG).
Cartografia comentada dos primeiros resultados da Contagem 2007 do IBGE
A practice-based approach to the conceptualisation of geographical mobility
Geographical mobility increases in all domains and on all spatial scales: tourism practices, migrations, business trips, commuting, leisure circulation and so on. It has become an impor- tant phenomenon for research in the social sciences. Nevertheless, attempts at conceptuali- sation are still heavily limited because mobility is rarely viewed as a system in which the ensemble of movements are linked. It has become necessary to adopt a comprehensive approach towards mobility that focuses on the various practices employed and that targets the different types of mobility. Indeed, the following questions are raised: how should the numerous circulations and migrations be conceived and interpreted? How can the different population movements be classified? In this paper, we will attempt to adopt an original approach: to classify different practices of mobility using a "geographical code of practice". This code takes into account the conditions in which movements occur and the characteris- tics of the geographical sites involved. In this way, we hope to contribute to a theory of geo- graphical mobility which leads to a new appreciation of the ways individuals dwell in geo- graphical places.
A propos d'écologie urbaine : application à l'Afrique occidentale
Haeringer Philippe. A propos d'écologie urbaine : application à l'Afrique occidentale. Paris : ORSTOM, 1976, 10 p. multigr.
A propos d'identité(s) marocaine(s) et du (faux) paradoxe de la patrimonialisation de l'héritage architectural issu de la colonisation à Casablanca.
[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology
Ce texte a pour principal objectif de proposer quelques hypothèses qui permettraient de décrypter les interférences entre l'actuelle patrimonialisation de l'héritage architectural bâti sous la domination coloniale française à Casablanca et le maintien (à moins qu'il ne s'agisse d'une forme de construction) d'une identité marocaine une et indivisible.
Colloque "Fabrication, gestion et pratiques des territoires", Ecole d'Architecture de Paris-Val de Seine.
À propos de l'histoire musicale des villes européennes