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Marcus Zepf</text>
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28 septembre 2011

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La Fabrique de la Cit&amp;eacute;

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Cette &amp;eacute;tude a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; men&amp;eacute;e par un collectif de chercheurs, sour la direction scientifique de Marcus Zepf. Son objectif ? Mod&amp;eacute;liser la diversit&amp;eacute; des projets, des origines, des figures et du mode de gestion des espaces publics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comment ? En passant au crible huit projets d&amp;lsquo;espaces publics dans sept m&amp;eacute;tropoles internationales. L&amp;rsquo;analyse de ces projets embl&amp;eacute;matiques permet d&amp;rsquo;illustrer un certain nombre de ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;nes contemporains t&amp;eacute;moignant d&amp;rsquo;approches particuli&amp;egrave;res quant aux pratiques de cr&amp;eacute;ation et de gestion des espaces publics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nous avons choisi des exemples d&amp;rsquo;espaces publics dans septs m&amp;eacute;tropoles, susceptibles de t&amp;eacute;moigner de jeux d&amp;rsquo;acteurs et d&amp;rsquo;approches th&amp;eacute;matiques vari&amp;eacute;s. Ce choix, qui n&amp;rsquo;a pas vocation &amp;agrave; &amp;ecirc;tre exhaustif, permet de mettre en &amp;eacute;vidence des figures th&amp;eacute;matiques de gouvernance d&amp;rsquo;espaces publics.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Marcus Zepf&lt;/b&gt; est ing&amp;eacute;nieur-architecte, professeur et directeur de l&amp;rsquo;Institut d&amp;rsquo;Urbanisme de Grenoble (IUG - Universit&amp;eacute; Pierre Mend&amp;egrave;s-France).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Une ethnographie des op&amp;eacute;rateurs municipaux de vid&amp;eacute;osurveillance&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Aujourd&amp;rsquo;hui, plus de 1 000 communes sont &amp;eacute;quip&amp;eacute;es d&amp;rsquo;un syst&amp;egrave;me de vid&amp;eacute;osurveillance des espaces publics. Il s&amp;rsquo;agit aussi bien de grandes villes comme Marseille, Nice, Lyon, Strasbourg, que des villes moyennes comme &amp;Eacute;vry, Meaux voire de petites communes.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Qui sont les op&amp;eacute;rateurs en charge de cette surveillance ?&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Les op&amp;eacute;rateurs de vid&amp;eacute;osurveillance sont peu connus et peu valoris&amp;eacute;s&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Nouveaux acteurs dans le paysage local de la s&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute;, ces op&amp;eacute;rateurs exercent un travail qui n&amp;rsquo;est pas encore un &amp;quot;m&amp;eacute;tier&amp;quot; reconnu avec ses propres r&amp;eacute;f&amp;eacute;rentiels d&amp;rsquo;action et ses formations sp&amp;eacute;cifiques. D&amp;rsquo;o&amp;ugrave; des parcours professionnels et des statuts tr&amp;egrave;s vari&amp;eacute;s, selon les municipalit&amp;eacute;s, &amp;Agrave; l&amp;rsquo;h&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;rog&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;it&amp;eacute; du statut des op&amp;eacute;rateurs s&amp;rsquo;ajoutent des incertitudes quant au cadre l&amp;eacute;gal de leur activit&amp;eacute;. En effet, la loi d&amp;rsquo;orientation et de programmation relative &amp;agrave; la s&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute; de 1995 (Lopsi) est peu pr&amp;eacute;cise sur les fonctions d&amp;rsquo;exploitation et de visionnage des images en direct comme en diff&amp;eacute;r&amp;eacute; (relecture). Ceci entretient un flou, au niveau local, sur les pouvoirs dont disposent les op&amp;eacute;rateurs de vid&amp;eacute;osurveillance.&lt;br /&gt; Une &amp;eacute;tude sur les &amp;quot;coulisses&amp;quot; du travail de surveillance &amp;agrave; distance des op&amp;eacute;rateurs municipaux&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Notre d&amp;eacute;marche s&amp;rsquo;inscrit dans la lign&amp;eacute;e des recherches actuelles sur le policing (au sens de l&amp;rsquo;activit&amp;eacute; de police des espaces) afin de mieux appr&amp;eacute;hender ce qui se joue dans le circuit de la surveillance humaine. Nous avons &amp;eacute;tudi&amp;eacute; deux dispositifs municipaux qui sont deux illustrations de la mani&amp;egrave;re dont, des op&amp;eacute;rateurs, se sont appropri&amp;eacute; une technologie et l&amp;rsquo;utilisent en fonction des missions prescrites. Pr&amp;eacute;cisons d&amp;rsquo;embl&amp;eacute;e quelques limites de ce travail : une difficult&amp;eacute; d&amp;rsquo;acc&amp;egrave;s aux terrains, des difficult&amp;eacute;s m&amp;eacute;thodologiques, enfin la difficult&amp;eacute; li&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;impossibilit&amp;eacute; de comptabiliser pr&amp;eacute;cis&amp;eacute;ment le nombre et le type de personnes cibl&amp;eacute;es par les op&amp;eacute;rateurs dans le cadre de la surveillance. C&amp;rsquo;est pourquoi, les r&amp;eacute;sultats pr&amp;eacute;sent&amp;eacute;s ici doivent &amp;ecirc;tre pris pour ce qu&amp;rsquo;ils sont, &amp;agrave; savoir une pr&amp;eacute;sentation de la mani&amp;egrave;re dont les op&amp;eacute;rateurs d&amp;eacute;clarent effectuer leur surveillance, crois&amp;eacute;e avec notre observation de leurs pratiques sur un mode essentiellement descriptif.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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Abdellative Ould Mohamed Abderrahmane, 
Vincent Bisson, 
C&amp;eacute;cilie Dagmey, 
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F&amp;eacute;vrier 2011

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GRET

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ville jeune et pourtant d&amp;eacute;j&amp;agrave; millionnaire, Nouakchott n'est pas seulement la capitale administrative et politique de la Mauritanie ; elle est aussi le lieu o&amp;ugrave; vit d&amp;eacute;sormais pr&amp;egrave;s d'un Mauritanien sur trois et le principal p&amp;ocirc;le de concentration des activit&amp;eacute;s commerciales et de services du pays.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Embryonnaire au d&amp;eacute;but des ann&amp;eacute;es 1960, cette cit&amp;eacute; sortie des sables s'est d&amp;eacute;velopp&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; l'horizontal, au point de s'&amp;eacute;tendre aujourd'hui sur pr&amp;egrave;s de 30 km. Elle est le r&amp;eacute;sultat d'un processus de croissance urbaine sans &amp;eacute;quivalent au Sahara. Cette croissance fulgurante de la ville, combin&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; de fortes disparit&amp;eacute;s sociales et spatiales, et soumise &amp;agrave; des contraintes de site importantes (ensablement, risques d'inondation), a repr&amp;eacute;sent&amp;eacute; un v&amp;eacute;ritable d&amp;eacute;fi pour des autorit&amp;eacute;s au d&amp;eacute;part peu pr&amp;eacute;par&amp;eacute;es &amp;agrave; accompagner un processus d'une telle ampleur et disposant de moyens limit&amp;eacute;s. Si le d&amp;eacute;fi reste entier, la prise de conscience des enjeux par la Communaut&amp;eacute; Urbaine de Nouakchott (CUN) et les instances communales contraint d&amp;eacute;sormais ces derni&amp;egrave;res &amp;agrave; renforcer leur collaboration pour gagner en efficacit&amp;eacute;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
De cette prise de conscience est n&amp;eacute; le projet de r&amp;eacute;aliser un atlas cartographique de la capitale mauritanienne, sous la supervision scientifique et technique du GRET, &amp;agrave; destination des gestionnaires de la ville comme des partenaires &amp;eacute;trangers. L'ouvrage d&amp;eacute;di&amp;eacute; aux infrastructures, &amp;eacute;quipements et services dresse un &amp;eacute;tat des lieux de Nouakchott en 2010 et a l'ambition d'&amp;ecirc;tre un outil de diffusion des connaissances et d'aide &amp;agrave; la gestion des territoires.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ao&amp;ucirc;t 2011

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Action Climat France

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Extrait de l'introduction :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Entre ville et campagne, la maison individuelle, fortement pl&amp;eacute;biscit&amp;eacute;e, concilie plusieurs des principales attentes sociales contemporaines : l&amp;rsquo;acc&amp;egrave;s &amp;agrave; la propri&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;, l&amp;rsquo;intimit&amp;eacute;, la proximit&amp;eacute; temporelle aux services comme &amp;agrave; la nature, l&amp;rsquo;espace vital et la mobilit&amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pourtant ce d&amp;eacute;veloppement p&amp;eacute;riurbain majoritairement non ma&amp;icirc;tris&amp;eacute;, qualifi&amp;eacute; &amp;quot;d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;talement urbain&amp;quot;, induit une faible densit&amp;eacute; d&amp;eacute;mographique dont les corollaires principaux sont une forte consommation d&amp;rsquo;espaces naturels ou agricoles, la multiplication des d&amp;eacute;placements pendulaires et une lourde infrastructure de voies et de r&amp;eacute;seaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les cons&amp;eacute;quences de ce ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne, en termes d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;missions de GES, de vuln&amp;eacute;rabilisation des territoires face aux impacts des changements climatiques ou de s&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;gation sociale, ne sont pas soutenables.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce constat est partag&amp;eacute; depuis plusieurs dizaines d&amp;rsquo;ann&amp;eacute;es, et la lutte contre l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;talement urbain compte ainsi, depuis le vote de la loi Grenelle 1, comme objectif du droit de l&amp;rsquo;urbanisme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Plusieurs initiatives int&amp;eacute;ressantes ont &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; lanc&amp;eacute;es (appels &amp;agrave; projets EcoQuartier, d&amp;eacute;marche EcoCit&amp;eacute;, etc.), mais leur port&amp;eacute;e risque d&amp;rsquo;&amp;ecirc;tre limit&amp;eacute;e en l&amp;rsquo;absence d&amp;rsquo;une politique nationale coh&amp;eacute;rente.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Juillet 2011

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ANRU

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Rapport 2011 du CES de l'ANRU, qui prend position sur l'avenir du programme national de r&amp;eacute;novation urbaine.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Un rapport de 150 pages qui fait le bilan des succ&amp;egrave;s - transformation du cadre de vie, am&amp;eacute;lioration du parc HLM et efficacit&amp;eacute;, rapidit&amp;eacute; du mode d'intervention - et des &amp;eacute;checs - &amp;quot;les conditions de vie des habitants ne se sont pas suffisamment am&amp;eacute;lior&amp;eacute;es, la mixit&amp;eacute; sociale esp&amp;eacute;r&amp;eacute;e n'est pas l&amp;agrave;, les moyens pour g&amp;eacute;rer les infrastructures une fois qu'elles sont construites sont insuffisants et certains projets ont &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; b&amp;acirc;tis en appliquant un mod&amp;egrave;le unique qui ne prend pas en compte le contexte local.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Une synth&amp;egrave;se de 32 pages de ce rapport est &amp;eacute;galement disponible.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Le logement est une question difficile &amp;agrave; traiter &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;chelle europ&amp;eacute;enne. La diversit&amp;eacute; des situations nationales rend souvent les comparaisons entre plusieurs pays et les &amp;eacute;changes d&amp;rsquo;exp&amp;eacute;riences malais&amp;eacute;s. On renvoie dos-&amp;agrave;-dos les histoires singuli&amp;egrave;res et les sp&amp;eacute;cificit&amp;eacute;s des politiques nationales du logement.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Avec ce dossier, l&amp;rsquo;Aitec fait le pari de passer outre ce regard localis&amp;eacute; pour d&amp;eacute;voiler des dynamiques similaires dans diff&amp;eacute;rents pays d&amp;rsquo;Europe.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Il est construit sous forme de fiches courtes qui mettent en lumi&amp;egrave;re des situations de logement, des dynamiques urbaines ou des initiatives alternatives. 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Par Lucie Lechevalier Hurard&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Introduction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Les nouvelles fissures europ&amp;eacute;ennes, par Marc Uhry et Frederik Spinnwijn&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Du d&amp;eacute;mant&amp;egrave;lement des politiques nationales du logement &amp;agrave; la crise du n&amp;eacute;o-lib&amp;eacute;ralisme, par Knut Unger&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Acc&amp;eacute;der au logement en europe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Introduction : Crise du logement dans la comp&amp;eacute;tition &amp;eacute;conomique internationale, par Krisztina Keresztely et Sonia Fayman&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Evolutions du march&amp;eacute; du logement &amp;agrave; Berlin : Quand une capitale accessible aux locataires conna&amp;icirc;t la polarisation sociale, par Joachim Oellerich&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Devenir propri&amp;eacute;taire de son logement en France : Une fausse bonne id&amp;eacute;e ? Par Lucie Couet&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Les discriminations ethniques dans l&amp;rsquo;acc&amp;egrave;s au logement social : Une comparaison France/Grande Bretagne, par Val&amp;eacute;rie Sala Pala&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; L&amp;rsquo;inaccessibilit&amp;eacute; croissante des quartiers historiques de Budapest : Gentrification et politiques urbaines lib&amp;eacute;rales, par Krisztina Keresztely&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;La remise en cause du logement social&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Introduction : La menace n&amp;eacute;olib&amp;eacute;rale sur le logement social, par Joachim Oellerich&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; La privatisation du logement social communal en Allemagne : Les municipalit&amp;eacute;s vendent massivement le patrimoine de logement public &amp;agrave; des fonds d&amp;rsquo;investissement, par Lucie Lechevalier Hurard&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; La banalisation du livret A : La fin d&amp;rsquo;un syst&amp;egrave;me original de financement du logement social en France, par Jean-Philippe Gasparotto&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Logement social &amp;quot;&amp;agrave; la su&amp;eacute;doise&amp;quot; : Vers la normalisation europ&amp;eacute;enne, par Fr&amp;eacute;d&amp;eacute;rique Boucher-Hedenstr&amp;ouml;m&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Urbanisme et sp&amp;eacute;culation : La politique du logement dans la Communaut&amp;eacute; Autonome de Madrid, par Thomas Ubrich&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Les quartiers populaires a l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;preuve du renouvellement urbain&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Introduction : La mixit&amp;eacute; sociale, une arme du renouvellement urbain, par Suzanne Rosenberg&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Trop de logements sociaux &amp;agrave; Elephant and Castle ? 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Par Ivan Du Roy&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; La vie quotidienne dans le bidonville El Salobral &amp;agrave; Madrid : Entre un pr&amp;eacute;sent insalubre et un avenir incertain, par Ga&amp;euml;lle D&amp;eacute;sorme&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Eradiquer les bidonvilles &amp;agrave; Lisbonne et apr&amp;egrave;s ? Violence des d&amp;eacute;molitions et relogement pr&amp;eacute;caire, par Samuel Jablon et Ama&amp;euml;l Raphaneau&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Vivre dans la rue : Logements de fortune &amp;agrave; rome, par Karine Seney&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Les &amp;quot;gens du voyage&amp;quot; en France : Juste un air d&amp;rsquo;accueil pour l&amp;rsquo;habitat en caravane, par J&amp;eacute;r&amp;ocirc;me Huguet&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; La caserne de Porto Fluvial &amp;agrave; rome : La vie quotidienne d&amp;rsquo;un lieu occup&amp;eacute;, par Manon Kayser&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Pour des villes solidaires&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Introduction : les luttes pour le droit &amp;agrave; la ville, un fil rouge en Europe, par Cesare Ottolini&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; La lutte des locataires de Gelsenkirchen en Allemagne contre la privatisation de leur quartier : Quand le droit d&amp;rsquo;habiter n&amp;rsquo;est pas une question de propri&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;, par Elodie Vittu&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Les mouvements citoyens et militants pour le logement en Allemagne : Question de d&amp;eacute;finition, par Elodie Vittu&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Okupas : Les squats &amp;agrave; Barcelone, par Ingrid Petit&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Amsterdam et ses squats : Histoires singuli&amp;egrave;res, par Ingrid Petit&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Les coop&amp;eacute;ratives d&amp;rsquo;habitat en Italie : des coop&amp;eacute;ratives historiques &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;auto-r&amp;eacute;cup&amp;eacute;ration, par Madalena Guerra&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; De nouvelles formes de propri&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; du logement en Allemagne : L&amp;rsquo;habitat autog&amp;eacute;r&amp;eacute; non sp&amp;eacute;culatif propos&amp;eacute; par le Mietsh&amp;auml;user Syndikat, par Gildas Jossec&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Vers un forum social europeen pour le droit a la ville&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Annexes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; Le droit au logement dans les textes de loi, par le Centre Europe Tiers Monde&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; R&amp;eacute;pertoire des associations partenaires de l&amp;rsquo;AITEC&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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9 juin 2011

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S&amp;eacute;nat

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tome I - Enjeux&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avant propos - Pour l'amour des villes&lt;br /&gt;
Ouverture&lt;br /&gt;
- Interview de Saskia Sassen &amp;quot;les d&amp;eacute;fis des villes du futur&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
- Interview de Christian de Portzamparc &amp;quot;les villes sont des &amp;ecirc;tres vivants&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
- Contribution de Julien Damon &amp;quot;ou m&amp;egrave;ne l'urbanisation du monde ?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
Villes du futur, futur des villes - quinze d&amp;eacute;fis&lt;br /&gt;
Les scenarii des prospectivistes&lt;br /&gt;
Des tendances qui dessinent les villes du futur&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion : villes du futur, futur des villes, 25 pistes pour l'avenir des villes du monde&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tome II - Analyses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ASIE (S)&lt;br /&gt;
1. Petite histoire de l'urbanisation en Chine depuis les ann&amp;eacute;es 1950&lt;br /&gt;
2. STANDARD'CITY : Figures de la ville chinoise g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;rique&lt;br /&gt;
3. WUXI et ses banlieues r&amp;eacute;sidentielles : logiques, paradoxes et contradictions d'un urbanisme non durable&lt;br /&gt;
4. KACHGAR, le labyrinthe et le damier : un exemple de modernisation urbaine &amp;agrave; la chinoise dans une cit&amp;eacute;-oasis aux marges de la Chine&lt;br /&gt;
5. THAMES TOWN : une ville nouvelle anglaise aux portes de Shanghai&lt;br /&gt;
6. LE DELTA DU FLEUVE ROUGE (Vietnam) : o&amp;ugrave; s'arr&amp;ecirc;te l'urbain ?&lt;br /&gt;
7. JAKARTA : corruption et gestion urbaine&lt;br /&gt;
8. DELHI et l'&amp;eacute;mergence de nouvelles formes urbaines&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
AFRIQUE, GOLFE, PROCHE ET MOYEN ORIENT&lt;br /&gt;
1. DUBAI : de la ville portuaire &amp;agrave; la ville portuaire, retour aux origines d'une cit&amp;eacute; entrep&amp;ocirc;t ?&lt;br /&gt;
2. TEHERAN : l'&amp;eacute;talement urbain et l'&amp;eacute;mergence des banlieues&lt;br /&gt;
3. BAGDAD : l'urbanisme en situation de conflit&lt;br /&gt;
4. ISTANBUL : de la ville diasporique &amp;agrave; la capitale europ&amp;eacute;enne de la culture&lt;br /&gt;
5. ALEP-DAMAS : la mise en place d'un r&amp;eacute;seau m&amp;eacute;tropolitain en Syrie et le r&amp;ocirc;le des quartiers informels&lt;br /&gt;
6. DAKAR : les enjeux d'une ville africaine&lt;br /&gt;
7. LE CAIRE : quand la ville s'&amp;eacute;tend dans le d&amp;eacute;sert&lt;br /&gt;
8. BEYROUTH : reconstruction et m&amp;eacute;tropolisation dans un syst&amp;egrave;me complexe d'acteurs, le cas du centre-ville&lt;br /&gt;
9. TEL AVIV : un projet politique, utopie r&amp;eacute;alis&amp;eacute;e, &amp;agrave; l'origine d'une m&amp;eacute;tropole &amp;quot;isol&amp;eacute;e&amp;quot; ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
AMERIQUE (S)&lt;br /&gt;
1. BUENOS AIRES : de la ville fragment&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; la ville privatis&amp;eacute;e ? Le r&amp;ocirc;le des quartiers enclos&lt;br /&gt;
2. PIRACICABA : the city as a growth machine ? Une ville moyenne br&amp;eacute;silienne devenue la capitale mondiale de l'&amp;eacute;thanol&lt;br /&gt;
3. MEXICO : arch&amp;eacute;type de la monstruopole ?&lt;br /&gt;
4. LOS ANGELES : vers la ville posturbaine ?&lt;br /&gt;
5. LAS VEGAS : de l'all&amp;eacute;gorie &amp;agrave; la fantasmagorie&lt;br /&gt;
6. LE GRAND TORONTO : allier l'imp&amp;eacute;ratif de d&amp;eacute;mocratie locale et l'attractivit&amp;eacute; &amp;eacute;conomique, quelle gouvernance pour quels acteurs ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
EUROPE (S)&lt;br /&gt;
1. MANCHESTER : shrinking city et renouveau urbain&lt;br /&gt;
2. HELSINKI : comment concilier nature et d&amp;eacute;veloppement ?&lt;br /&gt;
3. LA RANDSTAD : le rapport &amp;agrave; l'eau pour les villes post-carbones ?&lt;br /&gt;
4. BARCELONE : ville de projet(s) ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Tome III - D&amp;eacute;bats&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lexique&lt;br /&gt;
D&amp;eacute;bats&lt;br /&gt;
Villes d'Afrique&lt;br /&gt;
Villes d'Am&amp;eacute;rique du sud&lt;/div&gt;
Villes du Moyen- Orient&lt;br /&gt;
Rencontre avec Wu Jiang&lt;br /&gt;
Auditions&lt;br /&gt;
Atelier de prospective : les villes du futur, r&amp;ecirc;ves ou cauchemars ?&lt;br /&gt;
Contributions&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Qu&amp;eacute;bec

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;Communaut&amp;eacute;s priv&amp;eacute;es, communaut&amp;eacute;s cl&amp;ocirc;tur&amp;eacute;es : la dimension s&amp;eacute;curitaire du ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne des Gated communities&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Extrait de l'introduction :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Depuis quelques d&amp;eacute;cennies, de nouveaux types d&amp;rsquo;ensembles r&amp;eacute;sidentiels cl&amp;ocirc;tur&amp;eacute;s ont commenc&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; voir le jour, particuli&amp;egrave;rement dans le sud-ouest des Etats-Unis. A partir des ann&amp;eacute;es 1960, alors que la prosp&amp;eacute;rit&amp;eacute; de l&amp;rsquo;apr&amp;egrave;s-guerre est &amp;agrave; son apog&amp;eacute;e, des ensembles r&amp;eacute;sidentiels cl&amp;ocirc;tur&amp;eacute;s pour retrait&amp;eacute;s fortun&amp;eacute;s commencent &amp;agrave; &amp;eacute;merger en Floride, en Californie et en Arizona. Alors que durant les d&amp;eacute;cennies 1970 et 1980, des quartiers hupp&amp;eacute;s font s&amp;eacute;cession pour s&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;riger en communaut&amp;eacute;s priv&amp;eacute;es et cl&amp;ocirc;tur&amp;eacute;es, c&amp;rsquo;est durant les ann&amp;eacute;es 1990 que les gated communities se popularisent particuli&amp;egrave;rement...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le plan que nous suivrons est le suivant. Nous aborderons tout d&amp;rsquo;abord le concept de gated community pour ensuite nous attarder &amp;agrave; la question sous un angle historique, permettant de d&amp;eacute;finir les gated communities comme une &amp;eacute;volution des ensembles suburbains. Ensuite, nous nous int&amp;eacute;resserons &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;environnement social cr&amp;eacute;&amp;eacute; par ces communaut&amp;eacute;s : la s&amp;eacute;cession urbaine cr&amp;eacute;&amp;eacute;e par des imp&amp;eacute;ratifs &amp;eacute;conomiques, l&amp;rsquo;id&amp;eacute;al communautaire comme moteur d&amp;rsquo;un repli identitaire et finalement l&amp;rsquo;influence du discours de l&amp;rsquo;ins&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute;, par rapport aux trois enjeux &amp;eacute;nonc&amp;eacute;s dans l&amp;rsquo;hypoth&amp;egrave;se.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; In large Latin American cities the number of dwellings in informal settlements ranges from one-tenth to one-third of urban residences. These informal settlements are caused by low income, unrealistic urban planning, lack of serviced land, lack of social housing, and a dysfunctional legal system. The settlements develop over time and some have existed for decades, often becoming part of the regular development of the city, and therefore gaining rights, although usually lacking formal titles. Whether they are established on public or private land, they develop irregularly and often do not have critical public services such as sanitation, resulting in health and environmental hazards. In this report from the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, author Edesio Fernandes, a lawyer and urban planner from Latin America, studies the options for regularization of the informal settlements.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Regularization is looked at through established programs in both Peru and Brazil, in an attempt to bring these settlements much needed balance and improvement. In Peru, based on Hernando de Soto&amp;rsquo;s theory that tenure security triggers development and increases property value, from 1996 to 2006, 1.5 million freehold titles were issued at a cost of $64 per household. This did result in an increase of property values by about 25 percent, making the program cost effective. Brazil took a much broader and more costly approach to regularization by not only titling the land, but improving public services, job creation, and community support structures. This program in Brazil has had a cost of between $3,500 to $5,000 per household and has affected a much lower percent of the population.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The report offers recommendations for improving regularization policy and identifies issues that must be addressed, such as collecting data with baseline figures to get a true evaluation of the benefit of programs established. Also, it shows that each individual informal settlement must have a customized plan, as a single approach will not work for each settlement. There is a need to include both genders for long-term effectiveness and to find ways to make the regularization self-sustaining financially. Any program must be closely monitored to insure the conditions are improved for the marginalized, as well as be sure it is not causing new informal settlements to be established.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Ed&amp;eacute;sio Fernandes &lt;/b&gt;is a lawyer, urban planner, author and lecturer who has served as the Director of Land Affairs in the Brazilian Ministry of Cities and as a visiting fellow of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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2010?

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The Museum of Architecture, Berlin University of Technology
Design for London

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The exhibition City Visions 1910 | 2010 is a celebration of the anniversary of the General Town Planning  Exhibition. It compares two key moments in time: The years around 1910 and 2010. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1910 &lt;br /&gt;
The planning exhibition of 1910 presented the summation of contemporary urbanist thought and knowledge. It was the first time that an exhibition had given a comprehensive account of the reality  of the built environment of metropolitan areas  in the industrial age. The aim was to find solutions &amp;lsquo;for the demands of traffic as well as beauty, public health and economic efficiency&amp;rsquo;. The main message was that the problems of large cities could only be overcome with a multi-disciplinary approach.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2010 &lt;br /&gt;
A hundred years later today&amp;rsquo;s agenda in the post-industrial metropolis is determined by a sustainable design approach. The big themes have remained the same to some degree; their context has changed dramatically, however. A new understanding of urban development is finding its way into town planning strategies, which are often broad in approach and controversial in design. At the same time new problems that threaten the integrity of cities are emerging such as a dramatic weakening of the influence of the public sector, the encroachment of private  &lt;br /&gt;
companies on the public realm and new forms of social polarisation as a result of de-industrialisation and immigration. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin | Paris | London | Chicago &lt;br /&gt;
The exhibition concentrates on Berlin, Paris, London and Chicago, four outstanding metropolitan cities, whose approaches to town planning attracted a lot of attention in 1910 as it does today. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin &lt;br /&gt;
In 1910 Berlin was trying to find answers to the challenges of unplanned growth in the industrial age. 100 years later Berlin is considered a model city of the post-industrial society. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paris &lt;br /&gt;
Paris in 1910 was characterised by the big plans and visions of Eug&amp;egrave;ne H&amp;eacute;nard. Today&amp;rsquo;s Grand Pari(s) initiative marks an era of a new national urban development policy. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
London &lt;br /&gt;
Previously Greater London was the birthplace of the Garden City Movement, which aimed to decentralise the metropolis in an orderly way. Today it has become the model of a renaissance of urban centres. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chicago &lt;br /&gt;
In Chicago the world famous plan of Daniel H. Burnham was introduced in 1909. This aspired to enhance a city seen as lacking in beauty. Chicago Metropolis 2020 presents itself as a new strategic plan to develop a sustainable metropolitan region.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Fabienne Keller, 
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10 mars 2011

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S&amp;eacute;nat

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Entre 1950 et la fin des ann&amp;eacute;es soixante-dix, l'urbanisation des banlieues a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; tr&amp;egrave;s rapide pour prendre en compte &amp;agrave; la fois l'exode rural, l'arriv&amp;eacute;e des rapatri&amp;eacute;s d'Alg&amp;eacute;rie et des travailleurs immigr&amp;eacute;s, dans un contexte g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ral de forte croissance &amp;eacute;conomique et d&amp;eacute;mographique. Les cit&amp;eacute;s, bien &amp;eacute;quip&amp;eacute;es et modernes au d&amp;eacute;part, se sont transform&amp;eacute;es, avec la crise industrielle des ann&amp;eacute;es soixante-dix, en des lieux de rel&amp;eacute;gation o&amp;ugrave; se concentre d&amp;eacute;sormais la fragilit&amp;eacute; sociale des populations immigr&amp;eacute;es ou d&amp;eacute;sh&amp;eacute;rit&amp;eacute;es.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De tr&amp;egrave;s nombreux jeunes vivent aujourd'hui dans ces territoires urbains sensibles o&amp;ugrave; logent beaucoup de familles nombreuses. Ils y rencontrent, comme leurs parents, de nombreux obstacles &amp;agrave; la construction d'un projet de vie positif. Cette &amp;eacute;tude de prospective couvre &amp;agrave; la fois le temps scolaire, c'est-&amp;agrave;-dire le coll&amp;egrave;ge pour cette tranche d'&amp;acirc;ge, et le temps non scolaire, dans la famille ou le quartier, pour tenter de r&amp;eacute;pondre &amp;agrave; cette question : quel futur &amp;agrave; l'horizon 2025 pour ces jeunes adolescents ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
S'appuyant sur de nombreuses rencontres, visites et tables rondes, ce travail souligne la n&amp;eacute;cessit&amp;eacute; de mettre en oeuvre des politiques amples, transversales et concentr&amp;eacute;es dans le temps afin d'inverser une spirale qui tend aujourd'hui vers des formes de ghetto&amp;iuml;sation. Pour &amp;eacute;viter le scenario du pire et r&amp;eacute;pondre aux d&amp;eacute;fis auxquels sont confront&amp;eacute;s les jeunes coll&amp;eacute;giens, c'est &amp;agrave; la fois la r&amp;eacute;alit&amp;eacute; et l'image des quartiers qu'il faut faire &amp;eacute;voluer.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Tome 2 : annexes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Extract from the introduction : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; This bibliography was constructed with the intention of exploring the breadth and depth of literature available on Third World Cities, or the urban poor in developing countries. There is a wealth of literature on the urban poor. Since the mid 1900s, humanitarians and academics have been exploring the effects of and reasons for disparities in rapidly developing cities. As the population explosion centralizes around urban areas in developing countries, several aspects of physical and organization infrastructures need to be addressed to both counteract disparities and further environmental degredation.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Sarah Wolbert &lt;/b&gt;is a Research Fellow at the University of Minnesota College of Design.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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