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                <text>Cazamajor d'Artois, Philippe</text>
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                <text>La croissance spatiale et démographique de Quito détermine la création de nouvelles foires et l'établissement de nouveaux marchés sans que le centre de la ville perde son importance comme axe fondamental de l'approvisionnement. Quatre types de marchés peuvent être distingués : marché de gros + marché de détail + foire, marché de détail + foire, marché de détail, foire, qui sont animés de mouvements continuels</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:26539</text>
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                <text>Cazamajor d'Artois Philippe. La red de mercados y ferias de Quito. In :   Actas del coloquio "Ecuador 1986". Cultura : Revista del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986, 8 (24c), p. 1025-1035. Ecuador 1986 : Coloquio, Quito (ECU), 1986/07/07-12</text>
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                <text>MARCHE LOCAL</text>
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                <text>VILLE</text>
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                <text>La red de mercados y ferias de Quito</text>
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                <text>Actas del coloquio "Ecuador 1986"</text>
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                <text>Godard, Henri</text>
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                <text>1986</text>
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                <text>Après avoir analysé l'évolution morphologique et fonctionnelle depuis 1970 des centres de Quito et Guayaquil qui s'est faite de manière différente : multipolarité et spécialisation fonctionnelle des sous-centres de la capitale, monopolarité et plurifonctionnalité du port principal, l'auteur compare ces transformations et fait ressortir que certains mécanismes généraux expliquant ces mutations et cette évolution sont souvent semblables</text>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26538</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:26538</text>
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                <text>Godard Henri. Analisis comparado de los centros y de los lugares de centralidad en Quito y Guayaquil. In :   Actas del coloquio "Ecuador 1986". Cultura : Revista del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986, 8 (24c), p. 889-895. Ecuador 1986 : Coloquio, Quito (ECU), 1986/07/07-12</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>VILLE</text>
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                <text>CENTRE URBAIN SECONDAIRE</text>
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                <text>CENTRE VILLE</text>
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                <text>CROISSANCE URBAINE</text>
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                <text>FONCTIONS URBAINES</text>
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                <text>ETUDE COMPARATIVE</text>
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                <text>EVOLUTION</text>
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                <text>Analisis comparado de los centros y de los lugares de centralidad en Quito y Guayaquil</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364674">
                <text>Actas del coloquio "Ecuador 1986"</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>EQUATEUR</text>
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                <text>Portais, Michel</text>
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                <text>1986</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Les contrastes démographiques entre les principales villes intermédiaires de la Sierra et de la Costa tendent à disparaître. Ce changement est dû au comportement de certains acteurs urbains et à des facteurs géographiques tels que le développement de la région amazonienne et la répartition de la population rurale. Par contre les différenciations sont de plus en plus marquées d'une ville de la Sierra à l'autre. Un véritable réseau urbain national se développe où le type de dynamisme des villes n'a plus de rapport avec la division traditionnelle des pays entre Sierra et Costa</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364640">
                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26537</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:26537</text>
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                <text>Portais Michel. El papel de las ciudades intermedias de la sierra en la evolucion de la red urbana Ecuatoriana. In :   Actas del coloquio "Ecuador 1986". Cultura : Revista del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986, 8 (24c), p. 829-841. Ecuador 1986 : Coloquio, Quito (ECU), 1986/07/07-12</text>
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                <text>ACTEUR URBAIN</text>
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                <text>El papel de las ciudades intermedias de la sierra en la evolucion de la red urbana Ecuatoriana</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364653">
                <text>Actas del coloquio "Ecuador 1986"</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1986</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:26520</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:26520</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364613">
                <text> Actas del coloquio "Ecuador 1986". 1986, 8 (24), 1296 p. Ecuador 1986 : Coloquio, Quito (ECU), 1986/07/07-12</text>
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                <text>MILIEU NATUREL</text>
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                <text>Vignikin, Kokou (ed.) AFIG 1ORSTOM2Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération</text>
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                <text>Les mouvements migratoires vers les villes au Togo constituent un phénomène important puisque la population des agglomérations urbaines a triplé en 22 ans. L'analyse des données sur le lieu de naissance et l'ethnie des chefs de ménage de migrants permet d'esquisser une typologie des villes selon leurs aires d'attraction démographique. L'observation des flux montre la complexité du phénomène migratoire et le morcellement du pays en "bassins-versants migratoires" distincts.</text>
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                <text>GROUPE ETHNIQUE</text>
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                <text>ATTRACTION URBAINE</text>
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                <text>Les migrations vers les villes du Togo</text>
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                <text>Migrations togolaises : bilan et perspectives</text>
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                <text>La situation des villes secondaires togolaises amène à s'interroger sur leur rôle dans le processus d'urbanisation du pays. L'analyse de trois villes (Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Badou) devrait permettre de définir leur place dans les parcours migratoires, dans les stratégies professionnelles et dans les cycles de vie des migrants. Le rôle des parcours migratoires dans la fixation et la redistribution spatiale de la population est mis à jour par une enquête renouvelée (1970-1979) et une enquête migration (1984).</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364415">
                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:25237</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364416">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:25237</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364417">
                <text>Dupont Véronique. Le rôle des villes secondaires dans les processus migratoires : le cas de trois centres urbains en région de plantation : Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Badou. In : Lebris Emile (ed.), Pontié Guy (ed.), Quesnel André (ed.), Gregory Joël (ed.), Duquette-Ahado M. Thérèse (ed.), Vignikin Kokou (ed.) AFIG /1ORSTOM/2Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique.  Migrations togolaises : bilan et perspectives. Lomé : Université du Bénin.Unité de Recherche Démographique (TGO), 1986, p. 167-208. </text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364418">
                <text>FR</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364419">
                <text>Université du Bénin.Unité de Recherche Démographique (TGO)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364420">
                <text>MIGRATION URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364421">
                <text>MIGRATION RURALE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364422">
                <text>CENTRE URBAIN SECONDAIRE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364423">
                <text>CROISSANCE URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364424">
                <text>CONDITIONS DE VIE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364425">
                <text>IMMIGRE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364426">
                <text>ENQUETE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364427">
                <text>MIGRATION DE RETOUR</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364428">
                <text>MIGRATION DE TRAVAIL</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364429">
                <text>ENQUETE RENOUVELEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364430">
                <text>Le rôle des villes secondaires dans les processus migratoires : le cas de trois centres urbains en région de plantation : Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Badou</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364431">
                <text>Migrations togolaises : bilan et perspectives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364432">
                <text>text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644247">
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                </elementText>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644248">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644249">
                  <text>IRD</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364374">
                <text>NIGER</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364375">
                <text>MARADI</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364376">
                <text>Gregoire, Emmanuel</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364377">
                <text>1986</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364378">
                <text>Prestigieuse capitale d'une chefferie haoussa au 19ème siècle, Maradi devient pendant la période coloniale un centre de traite dont l'activité repose sur la collecte de l'arachide produite par son arrière-pays et sur la diffusion, en brousse, de marchandises d'origine européenne. Au lendemain de l'indépendance du Niger, sa croissance s'accélère grâce à l'intensification du commerce arachidier puis au développement des échanges avec le Nigéria. Ces transactions, souvent doublées d'opérations frauduleuses tant la frontière est perméable, permettent à la ville de jouir d'une certaine prospérité. Sa rapide évolution (9000 habitants en 1954, près de 100 000 en 1986) a entraîné des mutations sociales et donné naissance à un groupe de riches marchands : les Alhazai (sing. Alhaji). Les Alhazai apparaissent comme une nouvelle génération d'hommes imprégnés à la fois des valeurs de l'Islam et de celles du capitalisme marchand. Ce livre retrace l'histoire de Maradi et l'ascension de ses Alhazai :quand et comment sont-ils parvenus à s'enrichir et à constituer un groupe privilégié au sein de la société locale? Sur quoi porte leur activité? Est-elle seulement motivée par le profit? Quelles sont leurs relations avec les autres acteurs économiques et sociaux?</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364379">
                <text>text/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364380">
                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:23390</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364381">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:23390</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364382">
                <text>Gregoire Emmanuel. Les alhazai de Maradi (Niger) : histoire d'un groupe de riches marchands sahéliens. Paris : ORSTOM, 1986, 228 p. (Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM ; 187). </text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364384">
                <text>ORSTOM</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="364385">
                <text>COMMERCANT</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364386">
                <text>HISTOIRE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364387">
                <text>PERIODE COLONIALE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364388">
                <text>ECONOMIE DE TRAITE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364389">
                <text>ARACHIDE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364390">
                <text>COMMERCE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364391">
                <text>CENTRE URBAIN SECONDAIRE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364392">
                <text>SECHERESSE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364393">
                <text>CULTURE VIVRIERE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364394">
                <text>BOURGEOISIE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364395">
                <text>RAPPORTS SOCIAUX</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364396">
                <text>SECTEUR INFORMEL</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364397">
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              </elementText>
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                <text>ALHAZAI</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364399">
                <text>CAPITALISME MARCHAND</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364400">
                <text>ACTIVITE ECONOMIQUE</text>
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                <text>Les alhazai de Maradi (Niger) : histoire d'un groupe de riches marchands sahéliens</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>A partir de l'exemple de trois villes de la région des Plateaux au Togo : Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Badou, l'auteur propose d'approfondir certains points de discussion sur la dynamique des villes secondaires en Afrique Noire et plus précisement sur le "phénomène de décadence relative" de ces centres. Afin d'analyser ce phénomène, le processus de croissance urbaine est abordé sous  l'angle démographique. L'analyse des migrations est ensuite priviligiée car elle permet d'évaluer la place des divers mouvements migratoires dans la croissance des villes, mais également de déterminer la fonction de ces centres dans les parcours migratoires.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364270">
                <text>text/pdf</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364271">
                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:23514</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364272">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:23514</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364273">
                <text>Dupont Véronique. Dynamique des villes secondaires et processus migratoires en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de trois centres urbains en région de  plantation, au Togo : Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Badou. Paris : ORSTOM, 1986, 437 p. (Etudes et Thèses). Th. 3e cycle : Pol. Eco., INED Paris. 1985. </text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364274">
                <text>FR</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>ORSTOM</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364276">
                <text>MIGRATION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364277">
                <text>CENTRE URBAIN SECONDAIRE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364278">
                <text>URBANISATION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364279">
                <text>FONCTIONS URBAINES</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>IMMIGRE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364281">
                <text>MOTIVATION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364282">
                <text>STRUCTURE DE POPULATION</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364283">
                <text>ENQUETE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364284">
                <text>METHODOLOGIE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="364285">
                <text>ATTRACTION URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364286">
                <text>Dynamique des villes secondaires et processus migratoires en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de trois centres urbains en région de  plantation, au Togo : Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Badou</text>
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                <text>text</text>
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