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                <text>227-228</text>
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                <text>Fagnani Jeanne</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1984_num_2_3_991_t1_0227_0000_2</text>
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                <text>White (P.) : La ville d'Europe occidentale : géographie humaine. The west european city. A social geography</text>
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                <text>54-61</text>
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                <text>Shekhar Mukherji</text>
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                <text>1985</text>
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                <text>Un modèle canonique de migration vers les villes. 
Un modèle canonique est utilisé pour analyser les relations entre l'exode rural et les migrations inter-urbaines, la structure économique des villes et les flux de capitaux. En fonction de la pénurie d'emplois dans les plus grandes villes, il s'y développe des activités de services occasionnelles. 
L'étude envisage conjointement les motifs de migration, la structure économique des villes et les flux de capitaux. La matrice de migration M est l'ensemble dépendant, l'ensemble indépendant étant formé par une combinaisons des matrices I (Investissements) et E (structure économique des villes). On fait apparaître les relations suivantes : 
a) les migrants ruraux se retrouvent dans les activités occasionnelles, et sont liés négativement aux ouvriers, qui sont engagés dans les métiers créés par le nouvel investissement ; 
b) les migrants interurbains sont attirés par les villes où la construction et le secteur tertiaire dominent sur le secteur industriel ; 
c) la migration rurale s'oriente davantage vers les villes qui offrent des possibilités d'emplois de service, que vers les villes industrielles. 
Enfin, il n'y a pas de lien entre les flux de migration et les investissements.</text>
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                <text>Mukherji Shekhar. A canonical model of migration to cities. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-1. Migrations et urbanisation - Migrations and cities. pp. 54-61.</text>
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                <text>Unskilled Migrants ; Rural-urban Shift ; Urban-to-Urban Migration ; Unemployment ; India ; Canonical Analysis.</text>
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                <text>Analyse canonique. ; Exode rural ; Inde ; Migrations interurbaines ; chômage ; Migrants sans formation</text>
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                <text>A canonical model of migration to cities</text>
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                <text>278-278</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1989_num_7_2_1330_t1_0278_0000_1</text>
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                <text>Pumain (D.) et Saint-Julien (Th.) : Atlas des villes de France</text>
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                <text>Yvan Chauviré : Géographie démographique et sociale de Paris (3 séries de 12 diapositives SY 2723, 24, 25)</text>
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                <text>475-486</text>
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                <text>Jean Vanlaer</text>
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                <text>1987</text>
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                <text>Une étude régionale comparative montre l'existence d'une étroite relation entre le vote d'extrême droite et l'opposition entre le «centre» et la «périphérie», toujours présente mais variable selon les pays. Dans les Etats de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest (sans la RFA), l'extrême droite apparaît dans les grandes régions urbaines, confrontées à diverses crises de société (insécurité, cohabitation avec les immigrés). Ailleurs, l'extrême droite, nettement périphérique, exprime les révoltes des couches sociales et des régions marginalisées, qui cherchent dans l'instauration d'un Etat fort la solution à leurs problèmes. Presque partout, l'implantation spatiale de l'extrême droite diffère profondément de celles des autres familles politiques; cette famille politique attire les groupes sociaux qui, par leur position de classe ou par leur appartenance culturelle, ne s'identifient pas - ou plus - avec les formations politiques classiques.</text>
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                <text>Core-periphery opposition and extreme right vote in Europe. 

A regional analysis shows the very strong relation between extreme right votes and core-periphery opposition in each national space, always present but very different from one country to another. In the North-West European countries (Federal Germany excluded), extreme right appears in the big cities where there are some sociologie problems (insecurity, coexistence with immigrants). Elsewhere, the extreme right is clearly peripheric and expresses the revolt of marginalized social strata and regions, which see the instauration of a strong State as the solution to their problems. Almost everywhere, there is a very important difference between the spatial distribution of the extreme right and the other political families. Extreme right attracts the social groups which, according to their class position or cultural affiliation, do not identify themselves with the classic political parties.</text>
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                <text>Vanlaer Jean. Opposition centre-périphérie et vote d'extrême droite en Europe.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1987-3. Populations et élections - Populations and elections. pp. 475-486.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1987_num_5_3_1225</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Europe ; Extreme right ; Electoral geography ; Core-periphery.</text>
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                <text>Europe ; Extrême droite ; Géographie électorale ; Centre-périphérie.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Opposition centre-périphérie et vote d'extrême droite en Europe.</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>59-71</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373663">
                <text>Brian Robson</text>
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                <text>1986</text>
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                <text>L'évolution des villes et la politique urbaine en Grande-Bretagne. 

Les grandes villes britanniques ont connu un déclin important en termes de population, d'emplois et de revenus depuis les années cinquante. Face à cette évolution, l'article cherche à répondre à trois questions. 
Ce processus de déclin urbain est-il naturel dans le cadre de l'économie de marché, ou est-ce-que les politiques urbaines y ont joué un rôle - que celui-ci soit conscient ou non ? Les secteurs publics et privés sont-ils capables de transformer cette évolution, plus particulièrement dans le domaine du marché du logement, étant donné le contexte de crise économique ? Ces différentes stratégies urbaines ont-elles renforcé les disparités sociales et spatiales dans les grandes villes ? Pour répondre à la dernière question, des données détaillées des recensements de 1971 et 1981 pour le Grand Manchester sont analysées.</text>
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                <text>The large towns and cities in Britain have suffered strong decline since the fifties, in terms of population, employment and income. In the face of this urban decay, the paper explores three questions. Are these changes the results of natural processes of the market economy or has policy-making played a role in the decline, whether consciously or not? Can the private and the public sector tackle the problems of change in the context of decline, especially in the field of housing? To what extent has recent urban policy contributed to the social and spatial disparities in the large cities? 
In looking at the last question, detailed information of the 1971 and 1981 cencuses for Manchester are analysed.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373667">
                <text>Robson Brian. Urban Change and Policy responses in Britain. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-1. Logement et différenciations sociales dans les villes européennes - Housing and social differentiation in european cities. pp. 59-71.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1986_num_4_1_1085</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1986.1085</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373670">
                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373672">
                <text>social and spatial polarisation. ; Great-Britain ; Manchester ; urban policy ; housing policy ; urban decline</text>
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                <text>Grande-Bretagne ; Manchester ; déclin urbain ; politique urbaine ; politique du logement ; polarisation sociale et spatiale.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Urban Change and Policy responses in Britain</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373675">
                <text>article</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373652">
                <text>141-146</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373653">
                <text>Yvan Chauviré</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373654">
                <text>1988</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373655">
                <text>Chauviré Yvan. Les particularités des ménages parisiens. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-1. Ménages, familles et isolés - Households, families and lonely persons. pp. 141-146.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1988_num_6_1_1253</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373658">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373659">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373660">
                <text>Les particularités des ménages parisiens</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://www.crevilles.org/files/original/ab7bcffd8656cdff96543c15e0b8c820.jpg</src>
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            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>8</text>
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                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>3</text>
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                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>232</text>
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              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>160</text>
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      </file>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Textes</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373637">
                <text>Paris n'existe pas</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373638">
                <text>Fournel Victor, Paris, dix-neuvième-siècle, Haussmann George Eugène, expropriation, plan de Paris</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373639">
                <text>
Paul-Ernest de Rattier</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373640">
                <text>
1857

</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373641">
                <text>
Imprimerie de Bacarac, Bordeaux

</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373642">
                <text>http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k134860j</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>
131</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373644">
                <text>Extrait de l'avant-propos de cet ouvrage :
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;quot;.

Toutefois, malgr&amp;eacute; l'&amp;eacute;vidence du droit, il convient d'aborder cette mati&amp;egrave;re avec pr&amp;eacute;caution. M. le pr&amp;eacute;fet de la Seine n'est point avare de ses communiqu&amp;eacute;s: il en produit autant que de nouvelles voies, et quelquefois il les fait presque aussi longs que la rue de Rivoli.&amp;quot;
&amp;nbsp;
</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Autre</text>
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        <name>dix-neuvième-siècle</name>
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        <name>Haussmann George Eugène</name>
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        <name>Paris</name>
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        <name>plan de Paris</name>
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            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
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              <name>Title</name>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373622">
                <text>The sociology of a New York city block</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>tenement, New York, pauvreté, race, sociologie urbaine, quartier dégradé, Jones Thomas Jesse, slum</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373624">
                <text>Thomas Jesse Jones </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373625">
                <text>1904</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373626">
                <text>The Columbia University Press Source Internet Archive </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373627">
                <text>http://www.archive.org/details/sociologyofnewyo00joneiala</text>
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          </element>
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                <text>anti-urbanism, anti-urbanisme, philosophie, intellectual, intellectuel, Franklin Benjamin, St. John de Crèvecoeur J. Hector, Jefferson Thomas, Emerson Ralph Waldo, Melville Herman, Hawthorne Nathaniel, Poe Edgar Allan, Adams Henry, James Henry, Howells William Dean, Norris Frank, Dreiser Theodore, James William, Addams Jane, Park Robert E., Dewey John, Royce Josiah, Santayana George, Wright Frank Lloyd, White Morton, White Lucia</text>
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Morton White
Lucia White

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1962

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Harvard University Press
MIT Press

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...[E]nthusiasm for the American city has not been typical or predominant in our intellectual history. Fear has been the more common reaction. For a variety of reasons our most celebrated thinkers have expressed different degrees of ambivalence and animosity toward the city, attitudes which may be partly responsible for a feeling on the part of today's city planner that he has no mythology or mystique on which he can rest or depend while he launches his campaigns in behalf of urban improvement...
[T]he negative attitude of the intellectual toward the American city is of interest in its own right, especially because it is voiced in unison by figures who represent major tendencies in American thought: by Jefferson, the child of the Enlightenment; by Emerson and Thoreau, the Transcendentalists; by Hawthorne, Poe and Melville, who represent what Harry Levin calls "the power of blackness"; by Henry Adams and Henry James in reaction to the Gilded Age; by Howells, Dreiser, and Norris, spokesmen of literary realism and naturalism; by John Dewey and Jane Addams in what Richard Hofstadter calls "The Age of Reform"; by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, America's best-known architects; by Robert Park, its most influential urban sociologist. Because these figures dominate or sum up certain phases of American intellectual development, they form a body of intellectual lore and tradition which continues to affect thought and action about the city today. There is a contemporaneity about some of their views which is not obscured by the fact that they speak from the past; they continue to be read by those who are interested in the general history of the United States and also by those who are curious about our literary and philosophical tradition. They virtually constitute our intellectual tradition as it is known today. They make up the core of our intellectual history and one must go to them if one wishes to know what the articulate American conception of urban life has been.
Contents:
I. The opening theme
II. The Irenic Age:
Franklin, Crèvecoeur, and Jefferson
III. Metaphysics against the city:
The age of Emerson
IV. Bad dreams of the city:
Melville, Hawthorne, and Poe
V. The displaced patrician:
Henry Adams
VI. The visiting mind:
Henry James
VII. The ambivalent urbanite:
William Dean Howells
VIII. Disappointment in New York:
Frank Norris and Theodore Dreiser
IX. Pragmatism and social work:
William James and Jane Addams
X. The plea for community:
Robert Park and John Dewey
XI. Provincialism and alienation:
An aside on Josiah Royce and George Santayana
XII. Architecture against the city:
Frank Lloyd Wright
XIII. The legacy of fear
XIV. The outlines of a tradition
XV: Romanticism is not enough
XVI. Ideology, prejudice, and reasonable criticism</text>
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1963

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MIT Press

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299</text>
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                <text>Extract from the Preface:
...[T]he Joint Center for Urban Studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and the Harvard University Summer Session [decided] to convene a conference, in August, 1961, that would consider the city in history. The sponsors of the conference sought to bring together historians who had examined some aspect of the subject and men who had dealt with the contemporary city, both as students and as practitioners. It was hoped that the meeting of those familiar with historical data and those involved in present-day problems would provide a basis for a fruitful exchange. The results of that conference are contained in this volume.
It seemed desirable to approach the subject through a general consideration of the place of the modern city in history. It was hoped thus to outline the distinctive characteristics of this environment and the social and personal problems it created. It was clear that the city had to be treated both as an entity in itself and as a force operating in history. To appraise the impace of the city on the wider world in which it was located it was necessary, on the one hand, to understand its role, past and present, in technological innovations and economic development and on the other, to estimate its influence in the history of ideas. Even when viewed from within, as an artifact, the city reflected in its physical features the views that man held of its functions and purpose.
The present volume assembles some of the papers delivered at the conference, together with additional essays prepared by participants either by way of commentary or formally to elaborate points raised in the course of a lively discussion.
Contents:
I. Introduction:
Oscar Handlin - The modern city as a field of historical study
II. The city in technological innovation and economic development:
Robert S. Lopez - The crossroads within the wall
Shigeto Tsuru - The economic significance of cities
Alexander Gerschenkron - City economies - then and now
Sam B. Warner, Jr. - Innovation and the industrialization of Philadelphia 1800-1850
Aaron Fleisher - The economics of urbanization
Richard L. Meier - The organization of technological innovation in urban environments
III. The city in the history of ideas:
Morton White - Two stages in the critique of the American city
Carl E. Schorske - The idea of the city in European thought: Voltaire to Spengler
Frank Freidel - Boosters, intellectuals, and the American city
Sylvia L. Thrupp - The city as the idea of social order
IV. History and the contemporary urban world:
Kenneth E. Boulding - The death of the city: A frightened look at postcivilization
Deenis W. Brogan - Implications of modern city growth
V. The city as an artifact:
John Summerson - Urban forms
Anthony N. B. Garvan - Proprietary Philadelphia as artifact
Walter L. Creese - The form of the modern metropolis
Henry Millon - The visible character of the city
VI. Planners and interpreters of the city:
Christopher Tunnard - The customary and the characteristic: A note on the pursuit of city planning history
Eric E. Lampard - Urbanization and social change; on broadening the scope and relevance of urban history
Frederick Gutheim and Atlee E. Shidler - The building blocks of urban history
VII. Conclusion:
John Burchard - Some afterthoughts
Philip Dawson and Sam B. Warner, Jr. - A selection of words relating to the history of cities
Oscar Handlin was Professor of History at Harvard University.
John Burchard was Dean of the Humanities and Social Studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.</text>
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                <text>Extract from Part I - Introductory: The modern city:
The most striking characteristics of present-day civilization are industrialization and urbanization. They present the environment, both natural and human, to which an increasing majority of people must adapt. Both phenomena represent recent, radical changes calling forth new types of adjustment... It is with the history of this great problem of adjustment - the successes and failures which societies have had in attempting to meet their great group needs - that this book will deal.
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Part I. Introductory: The modern city
I. The modern social environment
II. Causes and consequences of the growth of cities
III. City planning
IV. The traffic problem
Part II. Housing
V. The housing problem
VI. The tenement-house problem in London and New York
VII. Rooming and lodging houses and hotels
VIII. Methods of dealing with the housing problem
Part III. Health
IX. The public-health movement
X. The public water supply
XI. Municipal housecleaning
XII. Protecting the consumer of food and drugs
XIII. Other public-health problems
XIV. The winning fight against disease
Part IV. Education
XV. Education in a changing civilization
XVI. Adult education
XVII. The American newspaper
Part V. Recreation
XVIII. Recreation in the Machine Age
XIX. Commercialized recreation
XX. The sphere of private agencies
XXI. Public provisions for recreation
Maurice R. Davie was Associate Professor of the Science of Society at Yale University.</text>
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Adna Ferrin Weber

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&amp;nbsp;1899; 1963

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Lewis Mumford is certainly correct in describing The Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century as a &amp;quot;classic pioneer work&amp;quot;. It is the first really sound, comprehensive, and complete contribution to urban studies by an American. The only comparable studies at the time were French and German. Not only does Weber make a masterful synthesis of the vast but fragmentary work that preceded him, but he attempts to synthesize opinion on the urban questions he deals with. Furthermore, he brings to the field the dispassionate detachment of the social scientist seeking ways to study the city as an important social phenomenon.
&amp;nbsp;
Contents :
Chapter I - Introduction
Chapter II - The history and statistics of urban growth
Chapter III - Causes of the concentration of population
Chapter IV - Urban growth and internal migration
Chapter V - The structure of city populations
Chapter VI - The natural movement of population in city and in country
Chapter VII - The physical and moral health of city and country
Chapter VIII - General effects of the concentration of population
Chapter IX - Tendencies and remedies
&amp;nbsp;
Adna Ferrin Weber&amp;nbsp;was a fellow at Cornell and Columbia Universities and Chief Statistician for the Public Service Commission of New York, First District.
&amp;nbsp;
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                <text>Contents :
I. The beginnings of city life :
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2. The emergence of urbanism
II. The location of the city :
1. The urban site
2. General geographic location
III. The physical setting of city life :
1. The developmental history of Rome as an epitome of the principles of urban structure and growth
2. The structure of the city
3. The city and its region
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1. Types and direction of urban growth
2. The extent of urban growth
3. The consequences of urban growth
4. The control of city growth - city and regional planning
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1. The size of urban populations
2. The composition of urban populations
3. Births and deaths
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1. The conditioned responses characteristic of city life
2. The significance of conditioning influences characteristic of city life
VII. The urban way of life - work, home, worship, recreation:
1. Work
2. Home
3. Recreation
4. Religion
VII. The debit side of city life - poverty :
1. Poverty
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1. Crime
2. Organized vice
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1. Mental deficiency and mental disease
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1. The supply services of the city
2. Waste disposal in the city
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1. Public utilities and public services
2. Government and administration
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1. Short-run trends in city life
2. The urban outcome
XIV. The urban outcome - an historical postscript :
1. Existing tendencies in city life
2. Possible alternative outcomes of existing tendencies
3. Possible fundamental changes in the nature of city life
4. An historical postscript
Niles Carpenter was Head of the Sociology Department and Dean of the School of Social Work at the University of Buffalo.</text>
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An understanding of modern man's increasingly typical habitat - the city and the urban region - is a practical necessity for almost everyone... In this work, I have tried to present an organized review and interpretation of the sociologist's work on the nature of contemporary urban regions as clusters of areas that seem to form a new kind of community. Specifically, considerable attention has been given to : (1) the unique features of urban communities; (2) the historical background of modern urbanism; (3) the continuous changes and adjustments in values and organization that accompany urban development; and (4) the rise of urban planning as an attempt to preserve the essence of urban life under conditions of rapid social and cultural change. Where possible, examples have been drawn from urban regions in various parts of the world; however, the primary focus is on the United States and modern European settings.
Contents :
Part I - Orientation to human communities :
1. The sociological approach to the community and region
2. The city as an emergent type of community
3. The problem of classifying urban regions
Part II - The interplay of demographic, ecological, and cultural themes :
4. The people of urban regions : Basic population characteristics and trends
5. Ecological organization : Understanding the socio-geographic differentiation of urban communities
6. The dynamics of urban ecological patterns
7. Emergence and structure of the urban region : Suburb, satellite, and fringe
Part III - Social organization and cultural foci of the urban region
8. Primary groups
9. Voluntary groups and formal associations
10. Social class divisions in urban regions
11. Major urban institutions : Economic, political, and religious
12. New institutional forms : Urban education and social welfare
13. Mass communications and urban leisure : A new urban ethic
14. The urban regional system : A changing equilibrium
Part IV - Urban planning and social problems :
15. Social problems and the urban region
16. Planning as an urban institution
17. Corrective planning
18. Creative planning : An application of urban sociology
Alvin Boskoff is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Emory University.</text>
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&amp;nbsp;1902

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The slum is as old as civilization... The battle with the slum began the day civilization recognized in it her enemy. It was a losing fight until conscience joined forces with fear and self-interest against it. When common sense and the golden rule obtain among men as a rule of practice, it will be over. The two have not always been classed together, but here they are plainly seen to belong together. Justice to the individual is accepted in theory as the only safe groundwork of the commonwealth. When it is practised in dealing with the slum, there will shortly be no slum. We need not wait for the millennium, to get rid of it. We can do it now. All that is required is that it shall not be left to itself.
&amp;nbsp;
Jacob A. Riis (1849 - 1914) was a photographer and journalist who documented conditions in New York City's tenement housing in the nineteenth century. This book is a sequel to his work 'How the other half lives' (1890). 
&amp;nbsp;
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Nels Anderson
Eduard C. Lindeman

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1928

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Alfred A. Knopf

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This book aims to fulfil but one purpose, namely, to meet the needs of students engaged in the study of the sociology of urban communities... The four queries with which this book concerns itself are: (a) What are the structural characteristics of the modern urban community? How does it appear as a social form? (b) What functions are performed by its inhabitants? In what sense are these activities sociologically significant? (c) In terms of social end-products, what sorts of personalities and groups characterize urban life? In what sense are these social ends departures from the rural cultural pattern? (d) What forms of social control are evoked by the impact of the urban environment?
&amp;nbsp;
Nels Anderson was Instructor in Sociology, Seth Low College of Columbia University.
Eduard C. Lindeman was Professor of Social Philosophy, New York School of Social Work.
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Robert E. Park - The city : Suggestions for the investigation of human behavior in the urban environment
Ernest W. Burgess - The growth of the city : An introduction to a research project
R. D. McKenzie - The ecological approach to the study of the human community
Robert E. Park - The natural history of the newspaper
Robert E. Park - Community organization and juvenile delinquency
Robert E. Park - Community organization and the romantic temper
Robert E. Park - Magic, mentality, and city life
Ernest W. Burgess - Can neighborhood work have a scientific basis?
Robert E. Park - The mind of the hobo : Reflections upon the relation between mentality and locomotion
Louis Wirth - A bibliography of the urban community
&amp;nbsp;
Robert E. Park taught at Harvard, the University of Chicago and Fisk University and was President of the American Sociological Association and the Chicago Urban League.
Ernest W. Burgess was the Chair of the Sociology Department at the University of Chicago and published such works as 'Introduction to science of sociology' (1921).
Roderick D. McKenzie taught in the Sociology Department at the University of Chicago and authored such books as 'The metropolitan community' (1933).
Louis Wirth taught in the Sociology Department at the University of Chicago and was the author of books including 'The ghetto' (1928).
&amp;nbsp;
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Raymond Unwin

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When a Bill conferring town planning powers on municipal bodies was promised by the Government, it occurred to me that it would probably be of use if some of the maps, photographs, and other material which I had collected during some years' study and practice of what I have ventured to call the art of town planning could be put together and published. Hence this book. The spare time at my disposal has only enabled me to deal in an introductory and imperfect manner with the different points raised; but I am hopeful that those who do me the honour to read the text will find it at any rate sufficient to help them to glean from the illustrations many of the valuable suggestions which I believe them to contain.
&amp;nbsp;
Raymond Unwin was an engineer, architect and town planner, president of the Royal Institute of British Architects (1931-1933) and was appointed visiting Professor of Town Planning at Columbia University in 1937.
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