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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                <text>323-345</text>
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                <text>Isabelle Thomas</text>
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                <text>Mathilde Steinauer</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="385416">
                <text>Laurence Broze</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L'objectif de cet article est de faire un état de la question sur la discrimination des femmes dans l'espace et de l'illustrer par la situation de Bruxelles. Une revue de la littérature internationale conduit à la conclusion d'une très grande hétérogénéité des données, des méthodes et des résultats obtenus. L'analyse exploratoire sur Bruxelles témoigne de l'existence d'une forte ségrégation spatiale à l'intérieur de l'agglomération, à relier avec le statut socioéconomique et familial.</text>
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                <text>Women's Spatial Discrimination and Segregation on Labour Market : the Example of Brussels.

This paper aims at giving a state of the literature about spatial discrimination of the women and illustrating by the example of Brussels. A review of the literature concludes to a wide heterogeneity of the methods as well as the empirical results. The exploratory data analysis on Brussels confirms the existence of a strong spatial segregation related to the family and socio-economic situation.</text>
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                <text>Broze Laurence, Steinauer Mathilde, Thomas Isabelle. Discrimination spatiale des femmes et ségrégation sur le marché du travail : l'exemple de Bruxelles. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-3. Questions de genre. pp. 323-345.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_3_2043</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2002.2043</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>Discrimination ; Gender ; Brussels</text>
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                <text>Genre ; Discrimination ; Bruxelles</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Discrimination spatiale des femmes et ségrégation sur le marché du travail : l'exemple de Bruxelles</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192109">
                <text>Toussaint, Jean-Yves. Directeur de thèse </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192110">
                <text> Zimmermann, Monique. Directeur de thèse </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Ishida, Keiichi</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2005</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192113">
                <text>Cette thèse pose comme problématique l'effet culturelle de l'homogénéisation dans le niveau international (la France et la Japon) des systèmes techniques. J'approche cette question par l'observation des rapports entre les techniques, formes et usages : les techniques par lesquelles l'espace public est construit (non seulement des techniques de construction mais aussi des règles, des cahiers des charges, des organisation, des schémas pour le construire), les formes selon lesquelles les voies publiques sont construits et les usages qui se déroulent dans ces espaces. On peut voir alors une propension des techniques à construire ces espaces selon des systèmes de circulation partagés dans deux pays. Cette tendance mène souvent à des formes identiques au fonctionnement des circulations automobiles. Or, l'espace public est entendu comme un espace utilisable librement en tant que lieu commun. Ses usages peuvent être différents selon les cultures. La question de recherche se pose : l'effet culturel de l'homogénéisation des techniques de la voirie. Pour développer cette recherche, j'observe des conceptions de voies publiques. J'ai opté sur l'enquête iconographique qui permet de recueillir des dessins de voie publique sur lesquels figurent des usages, et aussi de pallier aux difficultés de traduction lexicale. Je propose pour l'analyse une méthode d'analyse visuelle des données. La visualisation des données : Matrice ordonnable permet d'avoir en toute rapport des données dont ils sont visualisées. A l'issue de cette thèse, j'établi des fonctions culturelles différentes des voies publiques . autrement dit, le système technique international n'engendre pas d'usages aussi homogènes.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=ishida</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192115">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/298</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192116">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/1f53369b3bfcdcff726777813d45a024.jpg</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192117">
                <text>Fr</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192118">
                <text>Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - INSA Lyon</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192119">
                <text>urbanisme, Japon, espace public, forme urbaine, voirie urbaine, circulation, voie publique, usage, technique, enquête iconographique, sémiologie graphique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192120">
                <text>Géographie, aménagement et urbanisme</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Techniques, formes et usages de l'espace des voies publiques : les cas de la voirie urbaine en France et au Japon.: essai de mise au point d'une méthode d'enquête iconographique</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Thèse</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Histoire urbaine</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Société française d'histoire urbaine</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>96</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446466">
                <text>Ivan Pini, Antonio</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2003</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_008_0187</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446469">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="446470">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446471">
                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 8, 2, 2003-06-01, pp.187-212</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446472">
                <text>Bologne 1211 </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193479">
                <text>Herrle, Peter. Adviser</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193480">
                <text>Ivani, Hadi</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193481">
                <text>2009</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193482">
                <text>From the third decade of the 20 century onward, Iranian cities have experienced a rapid transformation resulting from swift social, economic and political changes. These changes, stemming from many global factors such as industrial revolution, led to a new lifestyle in Iranian society and also in the cities and their residential areas. A lack of proper urban policy and management, as well as inadequate attention to the real societal and cultural needs of Iranian inhabitants has resulted in the emergence of many problems in Iranian cities and their residential neighborhoods.

This thesis with an inquiry into the socio-physical aspects of the residential areas in contemporary Iran with a particular reference to the City of Mashad tries to understand the physical aspects of residential areas, activities of residents in outdoor neighborhood spaces, and also the effect of these physical characteristics on the social behavior, activities, and sense of community of the inhabitants.

A multi-method approach (both quantitative and qualitative methods) is adopted to examine the objectives of this research. Also, in order to understand the influence of the physical characteristics of residential neighborhoods on social attributes of their inhabitants, a quasi-experimental method is employed. In this research, seven neighborhoods were selected as study areas and seven hundred households were interviewed using a multi-optional questionnaire. Additionally, observation by note and photo-taking was employed for data gathering during the field work. While quantitative data has been analyzed by statistical methods and by SPSS software, qualitative data has been analyzed using data reduction, and data display.

The findings indicate that a lack of affordances and proper spaces in the most common urban pattern of all of the three income groups of these residential areas have led to reducing the creation and promotion of some or all of the examined social attributes like social connections, positive interactions, fulfillment of social needs, and sense of community. Also, the results demonstrate that the spatial and physical characteristics of the common urban pattern of current residential areas in Mashad are not able to form or integrate the social behavior of their residents. This inability is demonstrated through some different competitive and conflicting behavior in middle and low incomes neighborhoods and through accommodative behavior in high income neighborhoods. </text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193483">
                <text>http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2009/2420/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193484">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/930</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193485">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/bdb84da20bab7de94e8a9a80a3fd41d5.jpg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193486">
                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193487">
                <text>TU Berlin - Technische Universität Berlin</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193488">
                <text>neighbourhood, community, residential area, urban society, urban form, social cohesion, social interaction</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193489">
                <text>Socio-physical aspects of urban neighborhoods in Iranian cities : With special reference to the city of Mashad</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193490">
                <text>Thesis</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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                <text>The paper suggests an alternative index for socio-spatial segregation which emphasises agents’ segregation in everyday life. We argue that segregation should be studied for individual agents in respect to the spaces in which they perform their everyday life. The index refers both to the spatial and the social-interactive contexts of seven aspects (home, cluster of neighbouring homes, neighbourhood and city in the spatial context and friends, work and leisure activities in the social context) of agents’ everyday life actions as they are actually performed in their everyday time-spaces. The paper calculates the segregation of seven persons who represent seven typical lifestyles. Each lifestyle differs in its preferences for location in social spaces and in performing everyday life activity orbits.The index may receive negative values representing agents’ tendency toward exposure to members of alternative groups and positive values representing tendency toward segregation. In practice, the distribution of the segregation index changed between +- 4.0. In addition, no correlation between spatial and social segregation has been identified. Several agents were socially much more segregated than spatially, while others were spatially more segregated than socially.</text>
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                <text>Cet article propose un nouvel indicateur de la ségrégation socio-spatiale, qui met l’accent sur la ségrégation des agents dans leur vie quotidienne. Nous montrons que la ségrégation devrait être étudiée, pour les individus, en tenant compte de tous les espaces dans lesquels ceux-ci accomplissent leur vie quotidienne. Notre indice fait référence aux contextes à la fois spatiaux et socio-interactifs de sept aspects (foyer, groupes de foyers voisins, voisinage et ville dans le contexte spatial et amis, travail et activités de loisirs dans le contexte social) des activités de la vie quotidienne telles qu’elles s’accomplissent effectivement dans l’espace-temps quotidien. Cet article calcule l’indice de ségrégation de sept personnes qui représentent des modes de vie typiques. Chaque mode de vie diffère par ses préférences pour un lieu dans des espaces sociaux et par l’exécution des cycles d’activité de la vie quotidienne.L’indice peut recevoir des valeurs négatives représentant la tendance des agents à s’exposer à des membres d’autres groupes et des valeurs positives représentant la tendance à la ségrégation. Dans la pratique, la répartition de l’indice de ségrégation varie entre +- 4.0. De plus, aucune corrélation entre la ségrégation spatiale et sociale n’a été établie. Plusieurs agents ont fait beaucoup plus l’objet d’une ségrégation socialement que spatialement, d’autres par contre plus spatialement que socialement.</text>
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                <text>Where does the city end? 

The «new city dwellers» live further and further from the city itself: inhabited by farmers in the past, the dwellings of the rural aeras are now occupied by a great number of people working every day in metropolis. Even if the country landscape doesn't always change, it is now under influence. </text>
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                <text>Cet article présente un premier retour d’expérience de terrain, de construction et de mise en œuvre d’une démarche d’Évaluation d’Impacts sur la Santé (EIS) d’un projet d’aménagement urbain. Cette démarche a pour but de minimiser les impacts négatifs et maximiser les impacts positifs du projet sur la santé et la qualité de vie des populations. Grâce à une méthodologie basée sur l’élaboration d’une grille multi-critères intégrant plusieurs déterminants de la santé, une liste de recommandations à destination des décideurs a été proposée. Après une discussion des atouts de cette démarche participative d’intégration des champs santé-environnement et développement durable, des recommandations méthodologiques sont formulées afin de faciliter son utilisation à d’autres contextes similaires. </text>
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                <text>This article offers initial feedback from a field experience on the design and implementation of a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) approach in the context of an urban planning project. This approach aims at minimizing negative impacts and optimizing positive impacts of the project on the health and quality of life of populations. A methodology based on the design of a multi-criteria grid with several health determinants was developed and a list of recommendations was subsequently suggested to decision-makers. The strengths of such a participatory and approach integrating both environmental health and sustainable development are discussed and methodological recommendations are produced in order to facilitate future use of such an approach in similar contexts.  </text>
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                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/9815</text>
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                <text>decision-making support</text>
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                <text>health determinants</text>
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                <text>HIA</text>
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                <text>interdisciplinarity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576323">
                <text>participatory approach</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>urban planning</text>
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                <text>aide à la décision</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576326">
                <text>démarche participative</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576327">
                <text>déterminants de la santé</text>
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                <text>EIS</text>
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                <text>environnement</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576330">
                <text>interdisciplinarité</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576331">
                <text>urbanisme</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>L’Évaluation d’Impacts sur la Santé (EIS) : une démarche d’intégration des champs santé-environnement dans la voie du développement durable Application à un projet d’aménagement urbain : la halte ferroviaire de Pontchaillou à Rennes</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>195-206</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375147">
                <text>Jacky Herbin</text>
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                <text>Comparative analysis of urban ageing: the example of the Rhone- Alpes region. 

Using some indicators of ageing expressed in a very simple form (associations between several broad age groups in local populations) the paper will describe and analyse the clear reversal of a tendency noticed in the evolution of the structure of ages in cities and countries. From 1975 to 1982, as a by-product of a powerful movement of exurbanisation dominated by relatively young couples and their children, the country population of the Rhones-Alpes region marked a clear tendency to rejuvenation; conversely the decline of migration shifts of populatioh to cities (country exodus, increased interurban migrations and international migrations), the general fall of their fecundity and the extension of the mean duration of life has produced a noticeable ageing of the urban population. The variety of local and regional situations is studied through the recent evolution of ageing in the 85 Rhonè-Alpines urban built-up areas of over 5,000 inhabitants, among which we observe very important contrasts. The disparate trends can be partly explained by the divergent evolution of economic activities (here in crisis, there in full expansion), in the general slackening of growth in large built-up areas and in certain patterns of migration affecting the pensioners.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375150">
                <text>Utilisant quelques indicateurs de vieillesse exprimés sous une forme très simple (rapports entre les divers grands groupes d'âges constitutifs d'une population), l'auteur souligne le net renversement de tendance observé dans l'évolution de la structure des âges des villes et des campagnes : de 1975 à 1982, sous l'influence d'un puissant mouvement d'exurbanisation mettant en jeu des couples relativement jeunes et leurs enfants, la population rurale de la région Rhône- Alpes a marqué une nette tendance au rajeunissement; inversement l'affaiblissement des courants migratoires en direction des villes (exode rural, migrations interurbaines et migrations internationales), s 'ajoutant à la baisse générale de la fécondité et à l'allongement de la durée moyenne de vie, a provoqué un vieillissement sensible de la population urbaine. La diversité des situations locales et régionales est étudiée à travers l'évolution récente du vieillissement dans l'ensemble des 85 unités urbaines rhône-alpines de plus de 5000 habitants, parmi lesquelles on observe des contrastes très importants. La disparité des destins urbains trouve son explication dans l'évolution divergente des activités économiques (ici en crise, là en plein essor), dans le mouvement général de desserrement des grandes agglomérations et dans certains phénomènes de tropisme affectant les retraités.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375151">
                <text>Herbin Jacky. Analyse comparative du vieillissement urbain : l'exemple de la région Rhône-Alpes.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1987-1. Personnes âgées et vieillissement - Elderly people and ageing - Londres, juillet 1986. pp. 195-206.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375152">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1987_num_5_1_1192</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375153">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1987.1192</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>fre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375155">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375156">
                <text>towns ; ageing ; France ; Rhone-Alpes region. ; Population ; age structure ; ageing indicators</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375157">
                <text>Rhône-Alpes. ; Population ; structures d'âge ; indicateur de vieillesse ; vieillissement ; villes ; unités urbaines ; France</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Analyse comparative du vieillissement urbain : l'exemple de la région Rhône-Alpes.</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="513968">
                <text>Jacob, Frederique</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513969">
                <text>2006-12-06</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513970">
                <text>Approcher les villes de l'aire méditerranéenne occidentale à travers le concept de propreté permet de révéler, à partir d'indicateurs non habituels, la diversité culturelle, civilisationnelle, géographique... de cet espace. Ce concept de propreté, dont l'usage devient récurrent, nécessite réflexion : pourquoi, où, pour qui, comment, par qui, à quel coût, dans quel but. ? Révélateur des conceptions de chacun, il joue un rôle important sur nos actions d'aménagement de l'espace et détermine une valeur au lieu et le qualifie positivement ou négativement : il est, ainsi, producteur d'espace. La prise en compte de la complexité émanant des nombreux critères de lisibilité révélant les multiples niveaux d'acteurs (décideurs, habitants, touristes, hommes, femmes etc.) associée à de nouvelles méthodologies est susceptible de conforter la prise de décision concernant des lieux publics (plus ou moins de propreté dans un lieu). Le second volet, plus pragmatique, initie une approche se référant aux jeux et aux systèmes multi-agents. La connaissance des relations hommes, territoires, actions et de leurs interactions peuvent faciliter l'aide à la décision, tout en assurant une information de qualité : les deux volets d'une gouvernance réussie.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="513971">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371494</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513972">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/37/14/94/PDF/these_septembre_2007.pdf</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513974">
                <text>Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="513975">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513976">
                <text>propreté</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513977">
                <text>artialisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="513978">
                <text>complexité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513979">
                <text>systémique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="513980">
                <text>gouvernance</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="513981">
                <text>jeux</text>
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                <text>système multi agents</text>
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                <text>aide à la décision</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>la ville méditerranéenne : approche spatiale d'une aire géographique multiculturelle de proximité à travers un concept producteur d'espace : la propreté</text>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="506363">
                <text>Jacobs, Wouter</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="506364">
                <text>Ducruet, César</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="506365">
                <text>De Langen, Peter</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="506366">
                <text>2010</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This paper analyses the location patterns of firms that provide specialized advanced producer services (APS) to international commodity chains that move through seaports. Such activities can take place in world cities or in port cities. The analysis of APS location patterns in port cities provides a good opportunity to integrate the study of world cities into the framework of global production networks. Based upon our empirical findings, we conclude that while port-related APS activities predominantly follow the world city hierarchy, a number of port cities stand out because they act as nodes in global commodity flows and as centres of advanced services related to shipping and port activities. Based upon these empirical findings we address future avenues of research</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00459509</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="506369">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/45/95/09/PDF/JacobsetalAug09_2_.pdf</text>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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                <text>Global Networks</text>
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                <text>ISSN:1470-2266</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Integrating world cities into production networks: The case of port cities</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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                <text>Was Malthus in the right? 

What can we think of Malthus' essay published in 1798 and which pretended that the situation of the world was dramatic because of the increase of the population which was much stronger and quicker than the growth of subsistences? Today, there are parts of the world where the population is stagnant and other parts where the population is rapidly growing. But increase of population must slow down progressively in the future. The situation is not the same for the whole world; the general progress of agriculture and of technics and of foreign interrelations have changed the basic data of the problem. Nevertheless the states where the global increase of population is the highest and on the other hand the lowest individual income, are the same. Africa is the continent where the situation is the worst; at the opposite, the wealthiest countries are those where the population has ceased to develop. What are the relations between those two kinds of countries ? Are there some means to equilibrate population and resources? </text>
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                <text>Que penser de l'essai que Malthus publia en 1798 et dans lequel il prétendait que la situation du monde était dramatique parce que l'accroissement de la population était plus fort et plus rapide que celui des subsistances ? Aujourd'hui, dans une partie du monde la population est stagnante, dans l'autre elle s'accroît rapidement. Mais l'accroissement démographique doit se réduire progressivement dans l'avenir. La situation varie d'une partie du monde à l'autre ; les progrès de l'agriculture, des techniques et des relations internationales ont changé les données de base du problème. Néanmoins, c'est dans les mêmes états que l'on trouve les croissances démographiques les plus fortes et les niveaux de revenus les plus bas. L'Afrique est le continent où la situation est la plus dramatique, à l'opposé, les pays les plus riches sont ceux dont la population a cessé d'augmenter. Quelles sont les relations entre ces deux types de pays ? Existe-t-il des moyens d'équilibrer populations et ressources ?</text>
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                <text>Coutras Jacqueline. Les pratiques spatiales des sexes : quelles problématiques ?. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1989-1. Sexe et espace - Sex and space. pp. 111-115.</text>
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                <text>Urban Violence and Male Spatial Identity.

The theme of urban violence has swept into the fields of politics, ethics, and is getting in the economic one. The authors of the damages seem well identified. When referring to the media, public authorities, politicians and to many research works, the main responsible of the muggings are namely and almost unanimously, youngsters from immigrant origin living in disadvantaged suburbs. Residential environment plays a complex part in the relationships these young people establish with others through their actions on space. Both men and women agree that leaving their neighbourhood is the best solution for them. It is indeed a "rotten area", symbol of boredom and social, exclusion. But, unlike women or girls, men also describe this area as their territory, where they feel at home and that they have appropriated as time go by. They belong to gangs and networks, which are short-term and precarious, but there they find friendship and solidarity as well as some financial income. When looking at their behaviour, it appears that these acts of violence in the public space show a (re)assertion of traditional values of feminity and masculinity, or even manliness.</text>
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                <text>Le thème des violences urbaines a envahi les champs du politique, de la morale, et prend même de l'importance dans celui de l'économique. Les auteurs de tels méfaits paraissent bien identifiés. À en croire les médias, les pouvoirs publics, les élus et beaucoup de travaux de recherche, les principaux responsables des agressions sont, explicitement et de façon quasi unanime, les « jeunes » appartenant à des familles issues de l'immigration et vivant dans les banlieues déshéritées des périphéries urbaines. La proximité résidentielle joue un rôle complexe dans la relation au monde que les « jeunes » de ces banlieues établissent à travers leurs actions sur l'espace. Elle est certes une « zone pourrie », symbole d'ennui et d'exclusion sociale : hommes et femmes estiment qu'en sortir est le seul moyen de s'en sortir. Mais à la différence des femmes, les hommes la décrivent aussi comme un territoire où ils sont chez eux, qu'ils se sont appropriés au fil du temps. Les « bandes » et réseaux dont ils font partie sont certes éphémères et fragiles, mais ils y puisent amitié et solidarité, souvent aussi des revenus financiers. En examinant les conduites des acteurs, il apparaît que les violences s 'exprimant « en public » sont une (ré)affirmation des traditionnelles valeurs de féminité et de masculinité, voire de virilité, qui identifient très fortement tout espace résidentiel dans la ville moderne.</text>
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                <text>Pourrons-nous vivre à Paris demain ? Cette question, un nombre de croissant de Parisiens se la posent.   Tandis que dans toute l’Europe, les prix de l’immobilier marquent le pas, dans la capitale française, on paie toujours plus cher pour se loger. Ainsi, depuis 2000, l’indice des prix immobiliers y a progressé de 114% quand le salaire moyen a augmenté de seulement 10%.&#13;
 &#13;
Cette spéculation est en train de tuer Paris. Elle transforme la ville en musée. Pourtant, des solutions existent.   Ian Brossat et Jacques Baudrier, élus communistes parisiens, entendent les défendre, les porter et les placer au cœur du débat. Avant les élections municipales de 2014, ce livre est celui d’un combat pour un Paris solidaire et populaire.</text>
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&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
On appellera citoyenneté urbaine cette préoccupation dont les cités montrent plus particulièrement le besoin et donnent à voir la nouveauté.&#13;
&#13;
Jacques Donzelot est maître de conférences en sociologie politique à l’université de Paris X Nanterre. Il est notamment l’auteur de Faire société (avec Catherine Mével et Anne Wyvekens), Le Seuil, 2003, de Quand la ville se défait, Le Seuil, 2006, et de La Ville à trois vitesses, Éditions de la Villette, 2009.</text>
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&#13;
Le centre du site d’Angkor est occupé par un espace exceptionnel en raison de ses dimensions, de la géométrie de son enceinte et de la dramaturgie de ses monuments : Angkor Thom. A l’analyse, le symbolisme architectural de ses grands temples et leur ordonnancement figurent une représentation, celle de l’Univers habité par les dieux, rendue célèbre par les chercheurs de l’Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient au cours du XXe siècle.   Mais ce vaste espace, aujourd’hui recouvert par la forêt, enfermait-il réellement celui d’une ville ? Quels mécanismes, inhérents à toute vie de cité, soutenaient cette mise en scène grandiose ? Pouvait-on en recueillir des traces, en dresser un plan, identifier des formes, caractériser des fonctionnements ? Enfin, dans quelle mesure était-il possible de rendre compte de sa fabrication dans le temps ?   En procédant à l’archéologie d’un site à grande échelle, l’archéologue apporte à ces questions une première série de réponses qui restituent à l’ancienne capitale des rois khmers, ses dimensions urbaines, prémices d’une histoire insoupçonnée.&#13;
&#13;
Jacques Gaucher est docteur en Etudes Urbaines (EHESS) et maître de conférences à l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient.</text>
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                <text>La Plaine Saint-Denis est un territoire en pleine restructuration au nord de Paris. L'étude des systèmes de recours aux soins est un diagnostic à grande échelle. Inventaires et questionnaires d'enquête permettent de mesurer l'espace médical des prestataires de soins (sur la Plaine et sa périphérie) et l'espace sanitaire des populations, mais aussi le fonctionnement général de l'espace Plaine Saint-Denis.</text>
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                <text>Amat-Roze Jeanne-Marie, Schoene Marc, Buisson Jean, Ginot Luc, Grossard Jacques. Etude géographique des systèmes de recours aux soins à l'échelle locale. L'exemple de la Plaine Saint-Denis.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1995-1. La géographie de la santé en question. pp. 127-129.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1995_num_13_1_1679</text>
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                <text>Accessibility ; Health Care Resort ; Medical Area ; Health Care Area ; Health Care Offer ; Distance ; Network</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Etude géographique des systèmes de recours aux soins à l'échelle locale. L'exemple de la Plaine Saint-Denis.</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>323-328</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Jacques Joly</text>
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                <text>En France, à la périphérie des villes, l'on rencense environ un millier de quartiers appelés «défavorisé» ou «sensibles» où se concentrent aujourd'hui les plus graves difficultés sociales, en particulier le chômage et la délinquance. La violence urbaine, définie comme l'ensemble des atteintes aux institutions et aux agents qui représentent l'Etat et les différents pouvoirs, s'y développe considérablement depuis le début des années 1990. L'auteur, à partir de sources inédites, provenant du ministère de l'Intérieur, tente de cerner ce phénomène de la violence antiinstitutionnelle, d'en saisir les degrés, les formes, l'évolution et d'en repérer la distribution géographique au sein du territoire français. Une relation forte mais non exclusive apparaît entre la drogue et les manifestations de la violence.</text>
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                <text>A Geography of Urban Violence in the French suburbs. 

In the French urban peripheries, about a thousand districts said «disadvantaged» or «sensitive» are registered, in which are concentrated the most serious social difficulties, particularly unemployment and deliquency. The urban violence (defined as the whole attacks against institutions and officers that are representative of the State and the various authorities) is being significantly developed since the early 1990s. From original sources of the ministère de l'Intérieur (the French «Home Office»), the author attempts to delimit this phenomenon of anti-institutional violence, to understand its level, its forms and its evolution, and to find its geographical distribution in France. A strong but non exclusive relationship is seen between drug and violence demonstrations.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="384308">
                <text>Joly Jacques. Géographie de la violence urbaine en banlieue. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1995-3. Les marginalités urbaines. pp. 323-328.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="384309">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1995_num_13_3_1706</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1995.1706</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="384311">
                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384313">
                <text>Distressed Areas ; Urban Violence ; Suburbs ; France</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="384314">
                <text>Banlieues ; Violence urbaine ; Quartiers en difficulté ; France</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Géographie de la violence urbaine en banlieue</text>
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