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                  <text>Métropoles</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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                <text>Imbach, Romain</text>
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                <text>L’objet de cet article est d’appréhender l’évolution de Mumbai sur la scène économique mondiale et son positionnement dans l’armature urbaine à l’échelle globale. Ainsi, le cadre théorique des régions métropolitaines globales (global city régions de Scott et al., 2001) est-il interrogé au regard des évolutions du système productif métropolitain et du jeu des acteurs politiques. À une échelle plus fine, nous mettons en perspective les dynamiques propres à deux zones industrielles en présentant leur activité (principalement bijouterie et informatique), leur intégration respective dans le système productif régional et mondial ainsi que les politiques d’encadrement différenciées autour de chacun de ces espaces. </text>
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                <text>The purpose of this paper is to apprehend the evolution of Mumbai in the world economy and its positioning in the urban hierarchy on a global scale. Thus, the theoretical framework of global city regions (Scott et al., 2001) is explored with regard to developments in the metropolitan production system and the interplay of political actors situated at various scales. At at a more micro scale, we put into perspective the specific dynamics of two industrial areas: their business activities (mainly jewelry and computers), their integration in the respective regional and global production systems and the differentiated policy framework put in place for each of these areas. </text>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/4469</text>
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                <text>Vers une « global city region » ? Stratégies économiques, déploiement spatial et politiques d’accompagnement à Mumbai</text>
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                <text>Imbert-Vier, Simon</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A partir de l'identification de plusieurs frontières de l'espace djiboutien (auparavant Côte française des Somalis, puis Territoire français des Afars et des Issas), nous revisitons l'histoire coloniale de Djibouti sous l'angle de la fabrication des territoires. Nous étudions particulièrement cinq frontières que l'on peut tracer sur une carte : les limites ethniques, les limites internes, les frontières internationales terrestres, le corridor ferrovaire et les frontières maritimes. Nous étudions comment ces différentes frontières ont été découvertes ou inventées à Djibouti, dans le cadre général de la formation des espaces dans la Corne de l'Afrique au XIXe siècle, puis comment elles ont été réalisées. Nous analysons les évolutions - dont l'éventuelle consolidation - de ces frontières jusqu'à l'indépendance. Enfin nous en étudions les conséquences et répercussions, en particulier la coercition qu'elles exercent, directement ou indirectement, sur les habitants.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736163</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/73/61/63/PDF/Imbert-Vier_These_2008.pdf</text>
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                <text>Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Djibouti</text>
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                <text>ethnie</text>
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                <text>Dire Dawa</text>
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                <text>Ethiopie</text>
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                <text>Bab el-Mandeb</text>
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                <text>Frontières et limites à Djibouti durant la période coloniale (1884-1977)</text>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>45</text>
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                <text>Imbert, Christophe</text>
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                <text>
  
  Les villes nouvelles franciliennes avaient pour projet de constituer de véritables bassins de vie au sein de la grande couronne. Trente-cinq ans après leur lancement, il apparaît que les Franciliens se sont ancrés dans les villes nouvelles d'une manière spécifique. Cette spécificité relève principalement de la centralité qui fonde ces espaces urbains et du caractère massif de leur peuplement. Si la venue en ville nouvelle a signifié avant tout l'accès à la propriété, les femmes ont pu y trouver un lieu de recours pour se loger au moment d'une séparation conjugale. Il est en outre significatif que les personnes venant vivre dans une ville nouvelle s'y sont plus souvent fixées que ne l'ont fait les autres habitants de la grande couronne, ce indépendamment de leur statut social ou de la nature de leur logement. Peut-être cet ancrage est-il dû à une plus grande proximité de leurs enfants, mise ici en évidence, après leur décohabitation ?
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_119_0159</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés,  119, 1, 2005-03-01, pp.159-176</text>
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                <text>Île-de-France</text>
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                <text> villes nouvelles</text>
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                <text> processus d'urbanisation</text>
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                <text> mobilité résidentielle</text>
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                <text> urbanisation</text>
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                <text>Ancrage et proximités familiales dans les villes nouvelles franciliennes : une approche comparative</text>
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                <text>Imbert, Christophe</text>
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                <text>"Anchorages" in the Parisian new towns : building "living bowls"</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/74/29/PDF/these_christophe_imbert.pdf</text>
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                <text>Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>villes nouvelles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="517977">
                <text>Ile-de-France</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="517978">
                <text>géographie sociale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="517979">
                <text>périurbanisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="517980">
                <text>territorialité humaine</text>
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                <text>mobilité résidentielle</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Les ancrages des habitants des villes nouvelles franciliennes : des bassins de vie en construction</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="571224">
                <text>Rozenholc, Caroline</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="571225">
                <text>Brune, Anthony</text>
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                <text>Imbert, Christophe</text>
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                <text>Édifiées depuis le début des années 1970, les villes nouvelles franciliennes constituent une illustration du vieillissement des périphéries les plus anciennement urbanisées. Ce vieillissement, lié aux évolutions démographiques (la dynamique naturelle prenant le relais de la dynamique migratoire) s’accompagne d’un ancrage local des populations. Les signes de cet ancrage s’observent dans les mobilités résidentielles de plus en plus locales, dans l’implantation d’une partie de la descendance des premiers habitants et dans un recrutement de plus en plus local du marché de l’emploi. Outre l’exploitation des résultats de nos travaux doctoraux [Imbert, 2005] reposant sur l’enquête « biographies et entourage » (Ined, 2000-2001) qui ont montré un ancrage résidentiel à la fois dynamique (4 enquêtés sur 10 y ont occupé au moins 2 logements) intergénérationnel (les enfants  y ont décohabité), notre propos s’appuie sur d’autres travaux menés depuis, notamment au sein de l’IAU Île-de-France, ainsi que sur une analyse à l’échelon communal des résultats du recensement de 2007 pour illustrer l’enchevêtrement complexe qui existe entre mobilités résidentielles et quotidiennes. Finalement les villes nouvelles sont devenues de véritables centres secondaires de l’agglomération parisienne. Le renouvellement de leurs équipements et la diversification de leur parc de logements seront les défis qu’elles devront relever pour devenir des villes « anciennes ». </text>
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                <text>Built from the beginning of the 70’s, the new towns of the Île-de-France region illustrate well the aging of formerly urbanised outskirts. This aging, linked to the demographic changes (natural dynamics are taking over migratory flows), is going with a local stabilisation of the populations. Thus, this article describes this anchoring process which can be seen in the increasingly local residential mobility, as much as in the fixation of a part of the first inhabitants’ offspring and in a job market recruiting now preferentially on a local scale. In addition to the results of our PhD work [Imbert, 2005] based on the “Biographies et entourage” study (INED, 2000-2001) that showed a residential anchorage, both dynamic and intergenerational, this article takes on other works realised since then – particularly within the Institut of Development and Planning of the Île-de-France region (IAU Île-de-France) and on a municipal level analysis of the 2007 census results – to illustrate the complex links between residential and daily mobility. Finally, the new towns have become real secondary centres in the Paris region. The renewal of their equipment and the diversification of their housing stock will be the challenges they will have to take up in order to become “old” cities. </text>
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                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index4728.html</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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                <text>daily mobility</text>
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                <text>new towns</text>
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                <text>residential mobility</text>
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                <text>urban planning</text>
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                <text>urban sprawl</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="571237">
                <text>aménagement du territoire</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="571238">
                <text>étalement urbain</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="571239">
                <text>mobilités quotidiennes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="571240">
                <text>mobilités résidentielles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="571241">
                <text>villes nouvelles</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="571242">
                <text>Les villes nouvelles franciliennes : un exemple de périphéries urbaines en cours de maturation</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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  <item itemId="11955" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195052">
                <text>Herrle, Peter. Adviser</text>
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                <text>Golte, Jürgen. Adviser</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195054">
                <text>Imilan Ojeda, Walter Alejandro</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2009</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195056">
                <text>The urban phenomenon is changing. The social and political transformations of recent decades have created new forms and models of inhabiting in the city. In Latin America, phenomena of globalization and the implementation of liberal policies have, on the one hand, expanded flows of information and communication and, on the other hand, affected forms of social cohesion which were developed from the modern urbanization process of the mid-20th Century. This new context has transformed the ways in which the people build identity and a sense of belonging inside the urban society.&#13;
&#13;
Since the 1990s ethnicity has become an important source of identity construction for a growing percentage of city dwellers in Latin America. The ethnic roots of its inhabitants are turned into resources for social cohesion and recognition as social actors. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of formation of an urban ethnicity in Santiago de Chile. The Mapuches are the largest ethnic group in Chile and about half of their total population resides in the city of Santiago. However, despite being the largest ethnic group in Santiago, the Mapuche do not have a visible presence in the city. The emergence over the last decade of the political and social category of urban Mapuche and Mapuche-warriache describes the growing importance of ethnicity as a source of identity in Santiago.&#13;
&#13;
Ethnicity is related to the notion of collective identities. In this sense, it is a process whereby a group of people are collectively different from “others,” ethnicity is a broad concept which describes a process of differentiation. The objective of this research is to investigate the strategies through which Mapuche society in Santiago establishes differences, both in relation to the remaining urban society, and to "traditional" Mapuche society. Accordingly, this work aims to identify processes through which an urban ethnic identity is constructed. The working hypothesis is that the Mapuche currently in the city - first and second generation migrants - build hybrid forms with the remaining urban society more than they reproduce or reterritorialize their society of origin. The Mapuches in the city are not trapped between their societies of origin and the host urban society, but are, in turn, building strategies in which ethnic identity is part of a system of identities in which they participate.&#13;
&#13;
The work has two parts. The first part presents two critical reviews: a chapter on the method of ethnographic research and its application to urban space, and another chapter which focuses on the history of modern Mapuche society. The second part is experimental and composed of three case studies. Each experimental case is presented and analyzed through ethnographic methodology.&#13;
&#13;
This work explores the urban ethnicity as a contemporary form of building identity and sense of belonging. Currently, in Latin America an essentialist perspective prevails to deal the indigenous identities. This paper argues that the Mapuches in the city are not trapped between their societies of origin and the host urban society, but are, in turn, building strategies in which ethnic identity is part of a system of identities in which they participate. These strategies are a very dynamic form of communication and differentiation.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195057">
                <text>http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2009/2269/</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195058">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1111</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195059">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/ec3238e7b7c71d822d27b1e059a273c1.jpg</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195061">
                <text>Technische Universität Berlin</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195062">
                <text>urban space, migration, urban ethnicity, urban identity, Santiago de Chile</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195063">
                <text>Urban ethnicity in Santiago de Chile. Mapuche migration and urban space</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195226">
                <text>Howard, Tony. Supervisor</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195227">
                <text>Inan, Dilek</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195228">
                <text>2000</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Pinter's dramas have been labelled as 'absurd', 'mysterious', 'enigmatic', 'taciturn'. There has been a constant tendency to reduce the idea of the 'Pinteresque' to language when Pinter is preoccupied with the tensions between reality and the world of the imagination. He has, actually and accurately, used theatre as a 'critical act' to denote the abstracted realities, and he has applied his language to embody his world-view - his concerns in the contemporary capitalist world. Pinter has journeyed from the room to the outside world, from the private to the public social space, and has identified an inescapable sense of pessimism and alienation, and investigated an alarming world of atrocities. There are cities and landscapes beyond Pinter's rooms, cities peopled by wandering, displaced figures surveying the self-estranged city that is modern consciousness, and landscapes where his people retreat into the private realms of memory and fantasy. This thesis explores the virtual geographies beyond Pinter's rooms through the vocabulary of some modernist theoreticians and social scientists, as there are significant parallels between their analytical observations and the poetic perceptions of Pinter, a practising artist, and the phantom images of his characters. Pinter's plays and film adaptations tend to portray the city as a colonial present, and the country as a mythological past. The 1970s' plays portray a community of isolation, urban decay, dispossession and suffering, through the figure of the 'flâneur' - his characters' subjective experiences, memories and fantasies in the metropolis. In these memory plays, men and women have different mental landscapes and desires. To some extent the city is both a male-constructed world and an image of the twentieth century; in both senses it is anti-human and in decline. In his 1980s mature plays, Pinter's lyrical interiors and serene landscapes are colonised by the metropolis. Here Pinter investigates a universally oppressive space filled with misery and social dislocation. The city destroys humanity in a decaying modem world. These plays identify the global city as the locus of existential alienation and as the centre of political power and oppression - a world of brute masculine power. The last two plays, in this study explore other wastelands of human isolation and suffering, and criticise the British suspicion of the 'intelligentsia'. Using scenes that are ingrained in the contemporary audience's physical memory, Pinter makes the distinction between being an active participant and being a witness, a 'spectator' in this alarming world. And thus, he criticises the tradition of mockery of the artistic and the intellectually curious in Britain, and urges a need for a 'politically curious', at politically questioning theatre-going society.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4373/</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1153</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/7790067b6196fff3104f348710eaa811.jpg</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>University of Warwick</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195235">
                <text>Pinter Harold, literary criticism, literature, cities and towns in literature, landscapes, landscapes in literature</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The city and landscapes beyond Harold Pinter's rooms</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>51</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446940">
                <text>Ingold, Alice</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446941">
                <text>2005</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="446942">
                <text>
  Cette enquête propose d'interroger un cas d'école de l'expertise au cours d'une 
opération d'urbanisme à Milan sous le fascisme, lorsque la municipalité transforme un boulevard en canal modifiant les biens immobiliers contigus et leur 
destination, les quartiers et leurs fonctions. L'analyse propose de saisir la 
tension sensible dans l'expertise entre un procédé, qui vise à décrire une réalité fixe 
et incontestable, et un processus plusieurs fois interrompu, souvent contesté, au 
cours duquel les relations entre experts et non-experts (convention, arrangements, 
disputes) ont aussi conduit à stabiliser la réalité que les experts étaient chargés de 
décrire. Il s'agit aussi d'ouvrir le champ de l'analyse au-delà du cercle habituel des 
professionnels de la ville (ingénieur, architecte, géomètre) appelés à occuper la 
position d'expert, pour s'intéresser au propriétaire, auquel la législation italienne 
de l'expropriation donne une plus grande place. L'enquête propose ainsi d'interroger la diversité des grammaires d'expertise mobilisées par les différents acteurs 
urbains, et d'analyser les registres dans lesquelles elles s'inscrivent, les représentations de la ville et les interprétations de la croissance urbaine qu'elles véhiculent. 
Le calcul de la plus-value engage en effet des enjeux qui vont des immeubles 
singuliers au projet urbain. Les débats pour sa répartition témoignent de divergences d'interprétation sur la centralité urbaine, sur l'orientation fonctionnelle à 
donner au centre ancien de Milan, mais aussi sur la croissance urbaine.
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446943">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_014_0029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446944">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446945">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446946">
                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 14, 3, 2005-09-01, pp.29-46</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446947">
                <text>Expertiser la ville ? </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512437">
                <text>Iogna-Prat, Paul</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512438">
                <text>2009-06-03</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512439">
                <text>Préoccupation du pouvoir politique depuis la Révolution française, le monument historique est au service de la construction de la Nation.L'Etat impulse, sous la Monarchie de Juillet, une véritable politique publique animée par une administration spécifique dotée de moyens financiers et d'un corpus législatif et réglementaire. Cette politique a conduit à une véritable étatisation du patrimoine culturel à travers les monuments historiques, les monuments naturels et les sites, puis le patrimoine urbain (secteurs sauvegardés). Cette centralisation étatique a rapidement montré ses limites et ses lacunes : l'importance des moyens financiers nécessaires et la lourdeur de l'action étatique ont alors poussé à rechercher d'autres voies. L'ampleur de la tâche, sans cesse accentuée par l'élargissement du champ patrimonial, et l'émergence du principe de subsidiarité, ont conduit l'Etat à associer les collectivités territoriales à cette mission d'intérêt public, puis à organiser progressivement certains transferts de compétences. Les collectivités territoriales ont également pris conscience de l'importance de leur patrimoine comme symbole identitaire et source de développement. Dans le même temps les citoyens en ont mesuré l'intérêt dans leur environnement quotidien. Dans cette évolution qui amène l'Etat à se recentrer sur ses fonctions régaliennes et les collectivités territoriales à assumer des responsabilités patrimoniales, l'équilibre demeure difficile à trouver, d'autant que l'exigence de démocratie participative implique d'associer plus étroitement les citoyens à cette politique publique patrimoniale.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512440">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435144</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512441">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/43/51/44/PDF/These_PIP_version_finale_24.05.09.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512442">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512443">
                <text>Université d'Angers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512444">
                <text>[SHS:DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512445">
                <text>Patrimoine culturel</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512446">
                <text>décentralisation patrimoniale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512447">
                <text>patrimoine et collectivités territoriales</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512448">
                <text>monuments historiques</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512449">
                <text>monuments naturels et sites</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512450">
                <text>secteurs sauvegardés</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512451">
                <text>zones de protection du patrimoine architectural et paysager ( ZPPAUP)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512452">
                <text>associations du patrimoine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512453">
                <text>Le patrimoine culturel entre le national et le local : chances et limites de la décentralisation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512454">
                <text>PhD thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11761" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="29">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192682">
                <text>Molà, Luca. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192683">
                <text>Iordanou, Ioanna</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192684">
                <text>2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192685">
                <text>By the beginning of the sixteenth Venice was an established maritime empire having achieved, not only the methodical restraint of the Ottomans' expansive aspirations towards European lands, but also solid control over the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas and the trade routes to the Levant. Internally Venice was a metropolis bustling with merchants, craftsmen, travellers and visitors, amongst whom a great number uf established foreigners. Nearly eighty per cent of the city's population was made up of these labouring poor, who contributed significantly to the economic stability and prosperity ofthe Republic, as they provided the workforce for many of its industries. Venice was home to the world renowned Arsena/e, the biggest 'factory' in medieval and early modern period. It was there where the great Venetian galleys were built, armed, and launched into water, contributing to the Republic's economic prosperity, commercial and territorial expansion, as well as its defensive purposes. This thesis focuses on two of the most distinct working class communities in the city, the shipbuilding craftsmen, commonly known as Arsena/atti, and the seafaring Greek community. Both these groups, the former in charge of building these vessels, and the latter serving in them as sailors and captains, or similarly employed in the . shipbuilding industry, were two of the most prominent working class clusters in late Renaissance Venice. This study will attempt to look into the way of life of the maritime folk outside their workplace, in order to assess their financial and social standing - taking into consideration the places in which they lived, their households, their [mances, the social networks which they formed, and their religious and charitable activities - at a time of considerable demographic, economic, and social adjustments for the city. The examination of the two groups, established in the same neighbourhoods and united under the same occupational activities, will show that despite any linguistic, cultural, and religious diversity, their situation in life was very similar, and demonstrative of the circumstances of the Venetian working classes as a whole. Keeping in mind that early modern Venice's papa/ani have been considerably neglected by contemporary scholarship, the ultimate objective of this thesis is to initiate a basic study on the socio-economic life of the lower classes in one of the most populous and celebrated cities in medieval and early modern Europe.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192686">
                <text>http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1110/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="192687">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1152</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="192688">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/29baaae5c9638fd51378365992124c9f.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192689">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192690">
                <text>University of Warwick</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192691">
                <text>Arsenale di Venezia, Greeks, Venice, history, maritime anthropology, Renaissance</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192692">
                <text>Maritime communities in Late Renaissance Venice: The Arsenalotti and the Greeks, 1575-1600</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192693">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="26015" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="36">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644259">
                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644260">
                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644261">
                  <text>CAIRN</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425139">
                <text>22</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425140">
                <text>Iraki, Aziz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425141">
                <text>2007</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425142">
                <text>
  
  En tant que territoire en construction, les quartiers d'habitat non réglementaires ou les quartiers restructurés présentent des solidarités nourries de conditions de vie communes et d'un sentiment d'abandon et de marginalisation mais organisées à différents niveaux de territoire. Pour ce faire, plusieurs appartenances sont alors instrumentalisées. Cet article voudrait surtout insister sur le rôle primordial joué par les lieux de culte dans l'organisation même de ces solidarités. Représentants de l'autorité ou élites locales les ont longtemps manipulés dans l'encadrement des populations. Une situation qui connaît actuellement des changements conjoncturels à travers les nouvelles dispositions prises dans la lutte contre le terrorisme ou les revirements constatés dans le mode d'intervention sur l'habitat insalubre au Maroc.
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425143">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_127_0063</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425144">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425145">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425146">
                <text>Espaces et sociétés,  127, 4, 2007-02-15, pp.63-77</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425147">
                <text>habitat non réglementaire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425148">
                <text> territoire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425149">
                <text> solidarité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425150">
                <text> appartenances</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425151">
                <text> lieux de culte</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425152">
                <text> action politique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425153">
                <text>non-regulated dwelling</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425154">
                <text> territory</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425155">
                <text> solidarity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425156">
                <text> places of worship</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425157">
                <text> political action</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425158">
                <text>L'organisation des solidarités dans des territoires en construction : quartiers restructurés au Maroc</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="38460" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Les Cahiers d’EMAM</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644313">
                  <text>Les Cahiers d'EMAM sont une revue interdisciplinaire qui se propose de contribuer à la restitution des savoirs sur le monde arabe et la Méditerranée, dans leurs interférences avec le reste du monde, autour des questions urbaines et des processus de constructions/reconfigurations territoriales dans leurs dimensions sociales, économiques et politiques en encourageant les idées nouvelles et les démarches comparatives.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644314">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
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Comment aménager les centres urbains en respectant la ville ancienne tout en l’adaptant aux nouveaux modes de vie ? La question est à l’ordre du jour dès les années 1940 en France. La complexité des enjeux – fournir des logements, résorber l’habitat insalubre, favoriser la création architecturale, concevoir la cohabitation entre la ville d’hier et celle à venir – fait intervenir une pluralité d’acteurs dans ce versant peu étudié de l’aménagement urbain français. &#13;
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Isabelle Backouche éclaire les genèses de la transformation des villes françaises d’aujourd’hui à partir des archives méconnues d’une administration chargée de veiller aux alentours des monuments classés par l’État (Commission des abords). Son livre est l’occasion d’un formidable voyage dans la France urbaine du second XXe siècle, saisissant les visions aménageuses de ministères qui poursuivent des impératifs distincts mais travaillent en étroite collaboration. À l’interface entre la sphère administrative et le monde politique, la démarche de l’historienne scrute les acteurs sur des terrains emboîtés, depuis l’élaboration des contraintes juridiques qui encadrent l’aménagement urbain sur le plan national jusqu’aux mobilisations locales qui refusent la disparition d’un cadre de vie familier. &#13;
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Cette histoire des centres-villes au fil d’un dialogue entre conservation et rénovation urbaine permet de comprendre l’émergence d’une conscience patrimoniale et éclaire les horizons de la politique de la ville actuelle. &#13;
&#13;
Isabelle Backouche est maîtresse de conférences en histoire, habilitée à diriger des recherches, à l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (Centre de Recherches Historiques). </text>
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                <text>Dans le cadre d’une enquête dans quatre "cités" de la banlieue parisienne, une soixantaine de filles et de garçons, âgés de 15 à 20 ans, racontent leur entrée dans la vie amoureuse, ses déboires et ses félicités.&#13;
&#13;
L’étude de leurs relations amoureuses permet de restituer sous les faux-semblants une réalité complexe, faite aussi de femmes et de filles, et du même coup de sortir ces dernières de leur rôle nécessairement secondaire (victimes des garçons/hommes, violées, voilées, recluses).&#13;
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Ce livre qui restitue largement la parole des jeunes eux-mêmes interroge une domination masculine aussi certaine qu’ambiguë.&#13;
&#13;
Le grand mérite de l’auteure est de s’inscrire en faux contre l’habitude prise de ne décliner les "jeunes des cités" qu’au masculin, en capuches, baskets et machisme assorti.&#13;
&#13;
Elle apporte un démenti à toute une série d’approches, politiques, médiatiques et le cas échéant sociologiques qui tirent parti de cette domination masculine affichée pour stigmatiser deux fois les banlieues, et spécialement les milieux issus de l’immigration : en caricaturant les garçons, en niant les filles.&#13;
&#13;
Isabelle Clair est sociologue au laboratoire GTM "Genre, Travail, Mobilité" du CNRS, Université Paris 8. </text>
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                <text>Eaux pour la ville, eaux des villes. Eugène Belgrand XIXe-XXIe siècle</text>
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                <text>eau, assainissement, systèmes d'eau urbaine, alimentation en eau, XIXe siècle, XXe siècle, XXIe siècle, Eugène Belgrand, agglomération parisienne, Paris</text>
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                <text>Comprendre les enjeux de l'eau et de l'assainissement dans la ville&#13;
L'ouvrage donne un large aperçu des questions liées à la mise en place des systèmes d'eau urbaine, c'est-à-dire l'alimentation en eau et l'assainissement. Pour mieux comprendre les enjeux, il aborde d'abord les fondements historiques de la création des systèmes modernes au XIXe siècle, puis il apporte des éclairages sur leur évolution.&#13;
Du XIXe au XXIe siècle&#13;
Trois grandes parties structurent cette présentation. Une première partie présente l'homme Eugène Belgrand, le grand ingénieur qui a créé les systèmes de l'agglomération parisienne tels qu'ils ont perduré en grande partie jusqu'à nos jours, ainsi que son oeuvre.&#13;
Une deuxième partie décrit ce qui se passe au même moment dans d'autres pays, et dans quelle mesure leurs systèmes sont influencés ou non par Paris. Une troisième partie analyse comment aujourd'hui les systèmes d'eau et d'assainissement sont conçus dans des contextes très divers et les paramètres qui peuvent peser sur l'évolution des systèmes français, ces éléments permettant d'éclairer ce que pourraient être les systèmes futurs.</text>
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                <text>65-76</text>
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                <text>Urban Sprawl: What are the Trends in Rural US ?.

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                <text>À l'instar du peuplement américain, l'étalement spatial de la population du Kentucky avance inexorablement; l'utilisation du terme "sprawl" est devenue commune pour évoquer les aires immenses, victimes de cette urbanisation lâche et inorganisée qui caractérise le peuplement américain en 2000. Alors que les terres vierges et agricoles sont, à grande vitesse, converties en territoires urbains, la prise de conscience des coûts associés, sociaux, économiques et environnementaux s'accroît. Cerner pour gérer le mécanisme de "l' urban sprawl" spécifique au contexte de chaque État nécessite la prise en compte de facteurs et de paramètres variés dont les combinaisons montrent finalement une diversité peu souvent perçue. L'étalement urbain est nourri par la dépendance de la population américaine à l'automobile. Il exprime l'évolution de la culture et du mode de vie des Américains. Le Kentucky nous présente le cas d'un État à dominante rurale : 4 aires métropolitaines, de nombreuses petites villes et de vastes campagnes. Les modalités spécifiques d'étalement et d'évolution des populations dans ce contexte sont observées.</text>
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                <text>Maret Isabelle. Étalement urbain : et l'Amérique profonde ?. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2003-1. Diversité des populations d'Amérique du Nord. pp. 65-76.</text>
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