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                <text>Point de repère et construction territoriale: quelles méthodes d'analyse pour comprendre les relations ville-montagne à Grenoble et à Chambéry?</text>
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                <text>Cette contribution traite le concept d'espace domestique au travers des approches de la phénoménologie sur l'habiter et la corporéité. A partir de ces approches, elle émet l'idée que l'espace domestique ne doit pas être conçu uniquement comme un contenant délimité par les murs d'un appartement ou la clôture d'une maison d'habitation principale mais aussi et peut-être surtout comme un espace contenu où la projection de l'être, en chair, construit un monde où sa sécurité ontologique est maximum. Cette sécurité ontologique constitue pour cet être-au-monde, non pas forcément un monde idéal où la qualité de vie serait maximale au sens que peuvent encore trop souvent se donner les codes de l'urbanisme et/ou les canons de l'architecture, mais un monde complexe, contradictoire, parfois violent et désordonné , où l'être-au-monde, par ses pratiques et ses discours, inscrit des mondes qu'il domestique, en se les appropriant ou en s'identifiant aux autres êtres qui les habitent ou aux valeurs qu'ils représentent.</text>
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                <text>Ce chapitre a pour vocation de construire une généalogie des champs épistémologiques et des courants géographiques qui ont investi le savoir géographique sur la ville. Il partira du postulat que la pensée géographique sur la ville et l'urbain n'est pas seulement produite par les géographes. Le champ d'investigation de ce chapitre s'élargira donc à toute réflexion concernant l'espace et la spatialité pour comprendre comment se sont construits les courants géographiques qui ont abordé la ville.</text>
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                <text>La France. Une géographie urbaine</text>
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                <text>La pensée géographique de la ville et de l'urbain en France</text>
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                <text>A partir d'une réflexion critique sur l'ouvrage Espaces d'une vie de Ricardo Bofill, cet article tente d'éclairer les oppositions pratiques et philosophiques entre les conceptions normatives et génératives des sciences de l'habitation. Il montre comment l'enfermement théorique et conceptuel de la création de l'objet architectural pour lui-même se trouve très souvent décalé avec les attentes des habitants. Au-delà, cet article montre comment ces conceptions normatives tentent d'impulser en chaque être humain une généralisation de leurs façons d'être, de faire et de ressentir l'espace, et cela à partir des seules injonctions artistiques de l'architecte. Injonctions qui proviennent trop souvent d'une généalogie contrariée de ce dernier, comme c'est le cas notamment chez R. Bofill!</text>
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                <text>L'architecture de Ricardo Bofill : D'une conception archétypale de l'espace à une conception normative de l'habiter</text>
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                <text>L'étude présentée ici a pour but de montrer en quoi les points de repère, que les individus disent utiliser pour pratiquer l'espace de leur vie quotidienne, expriment une construction signifiante de l'espace, tant au niveau de l'appropriation par l'individu de celui-ci que de l'appartenance de ce dernier à un groupe social correspondant. Les points de repère, considérés comme des éléments visuels précis de l'espace, semblent alors faire office de bornage de l'étendue indéfinie, et formaliser ainsi, pour chaque individu, un territoire structurant conjointement des délimitations fonctionnelles et symboliques tant au niveau spatial que social. En ce sens, les points de repère deviennent des fragments matériels de ce territoire et parfois l'expression de sa globalité. Cependant, au-delà des conditions sociales et naturelles qui interviennent sur cette construction territoriale, il semble nécessaire d'en éclaircir une part irrépressible et non contingente qui semble relever de l'individu lui-même et du sens qu'il se donne à être dans le monde.</text>
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                <text>Espaces &amp; Sociétés. Revue critique Internationale de l'aménagement, de l'architecture et de l'urbanisation</text>
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                <text>Points de repère et construction territoriale : Quelles méthodes d'analyse pour comprendre les relations ville-montagne à Grenoble et Chambéry ?</text>
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                <text>Cette thèse de géographie phénoménologique a deux objectifs : d'une part, montrer que tous les actes des habitants, du plus banal au plus réfléchi, résultent toujours d'une construction territoriale qui peut se résumer en une dialectique de mise à proximité versus mise à distance du monde (spatial et social). D'autre part, montrer que cette construction ne découle pas uniquement d'influx provenant du contexte environnemental ou d'habitus socio-spatiaux et/ou culturels, mais aussi de l'intentionnalité de chaque habitant. Pour donner sens à la réalité du monde d'aujourd'hui, la géographie ne peut donc plus faire l'économie d'une appréhension de la réalité construite par ces habitants, qui sont responsables de son évolution. Pour atteindre à cette réalité construite, et à l'intentionnalité qui en régit le sens, il est utile de réaliser des doubles entretiens, car si le chercheur peut appréhender la construction territoriale de l'habitant en analysant ses pratiques et ses discours, il ne peut interpréter valablement cette construction s'il fait abstraction de la grille symbolique et rhétorique qui en génère la production et lui donne sens. Il doit donc procéder de façon herméneutique à un double temps de recueil des données, et à un double temps d'analyse, l'un qui procède à l'interprétation des significations, l'autre qui tente de comprendre en vue de quoi et selon quel(s) système(s) de valeurs, quelle conception du monde ces significations sont produites. Ainsi, en permettant à l'habitant de créer le sens de sa production sémantique sur le monde, on aboutit au décloisonnement des catégories de la pensée qui l'explique habituellement de façon commune. Il en découle alors l'idée que ce monde n'est fait ni de territoires institutionnels ou naturels qui prédéterminent les relations au monde de l'habitant ni de poupées gigognes qui s'emboîteraient les unes dans les autres de l'ici connu au vaste monde insondable. Au contraire, le territoire de l'habitant est ouvert à la réalité d'aujourd'hui, celle qui rapproche de lui certains lieux, certaines personnes ou certains souvenirs lointains et celle qui en éloigne d'autres pourtant proches. Ce processus dialectique de mise à proximité versus mise à distance remplace alors les données (les contraintes) du contexte, de la situation dans lequel vit l'habitant par un territoire multidimensionnel dans lequel il existe phénoménologiquement. Territoire dont la vocation est, au-delà de la sécurité ontologique qu'il procure, de faire sens pour l'être qui le construit et cela à partir des lieux où se projettent de façon significative ses intérêts et ses préoccupations.</text>
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                <text>Habiter la Ville et la Montagne : Essai de Géographie Phénoménologique sur les relations des habitants au Lieu, à l'Espace et au Territoire (Exemple de Grenoble et Chambéry)</text>
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                <text>Si la ville semble être une catégorie usuelle pour les spécialistes de l'espace, il est intéressant de s'attarder sur les interprétations qu'en font les habitants (au sens d'individus lambda). L'idée est de montrer que le niveau d'interprétation module l'implication territoriale et donc la responsabilité que développent les individus dans une entité spatiale qui serait donnée (la ville).</text>
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                <text>Séminaire L'individu et la Ville, Tours, Mars 2007</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ville</text>
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                <text>La ville, une catégorie non pertinente pour les habitants ? Réflexions autour des structurations conceptuelles et territoriales de l'espace</text>
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                <text>Hoyez, Anne-Cécile</text>
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                <text>Dans les grandes métropoles émerge un engouement sans précédent pour les médecines dites complémentaires ou alternatives. Ce champ thérapeutique est définit par l’OMS, mais est composé d’une multitude de pratiques différentes, dont le yoga. L’article examine la situation des villes comme Paris, Rouen ou New Delhi, où des lieux spécifiques sont produits pour permettre la pratique et la promotion de ce type de soins. Il apparaît alors que ces pratiques sont réservées à une certaine catégorie de la population, et que cette situation influe sur la transformation des discours de santé, qui glissent plutôt vers la prise en charge du bien-être. En observant ce qui se passe et ce qui se dit dans ces nouveaux lieux de santé, nous pouvons interroger les renouveaux de la territorialité de la santé en ville et pratiquer une géographie culturelle et sociale de la santé. </text>
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                <text>An unprecedented craze for complementary or alternative medicines emerges in major cities. This medical field is defined by WHO, but is constituted by various practices, including yoga. This article studies the situation in cities like Paris, Rouen or New Delhi, where specific places are produced to practice and promote this type of healthcare. It appears that these practices are reserved to a certain category of the population. As a result, this situation implies the transformation of therapeutic discourses that turn into discourses on well-being.  This article aims to observe what happens and what is said in these new therapeutic places, it questions the renewal of urban health territoriality, and it uses social and cultural health geography.  </text>
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                <text>Le yoga dans la ville. L’émergence des soins de santé complémentaires en milieu urbain en France et en Inde</text>
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                <text>Dureau Françoise, Barbary Olivier, Florez C.E., Hoyos Maria-Cristina. La observacion de las diferentes formas de movilidad : propuestas metodologicas experimentadas en la encuesta de movilidad espacial en el area metropolitana de Bogota (CEDE-ORSTOM, Octubre de 1993). In :   Nuevas modalidades y tendencias de la migracion entre paises fronterizos y los procesos de integracion. Santa Fe de Bogota : ORSTOM, 1993, 31 p. multigr. Nuevas Modalidades y Tendencias de la Migracion entre Paises Fronterizos y los Processos de Integracion : Taller, Montevideo (URY), 1993/10/27-29</text>
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                <text>Martha Huang examines how the Westernized pictorial gaze was, at times painfully, assumed by China's cultural producers in the first half of the twentieth century. &lt;br /&gt;Hang Zhiying 杭穉英 (1900-1947) trained at the Commercial Press in Shanghai, but left in the early 1920's to open his own atelier, the Zhiying Studios. Specializing in promotional art and packaging, the Studios, with their stable of talented artists,soon held a large share of the commercial art market2. Their range of posters ran from the most expensive, with calendar (sometimes including both Western and lunar dates), decorative frames, optional smaller landscape insets above or below the main image, poetic inscriptions, reproductions of the product advertised, and&lt;br /&gt;sometimes an overlay of gilt; to the cheapest-- a "hanger", in which the design of a pretty girl was printed on a plain background with a thin metal strip attached at the top for hanging. Such prints advertised nothing except perhaps a certain aesthetic, but were popular as a cheap form of interior decoration.</text>
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                <text>Transtext(e)s Transcultures : JOurnal of Global Cultural Studies</text>
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                <text>ISSN:1771-2084</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193494">
                <text>This dissertation investigates the history and political economy of two Chinese cities, Shanghai and Hong Kong, in the context of debates about globalization and ‘global cities.’ My inquiry focuses on the interwoven relationships between colonization, global capitalism, ideology, and the changing nature and objectives of national and local governments. On the stage of globalization, cities have become the sites of competition for the concentration of flexible global investment money, new technologies, media and cultural industries, in order to enhance their wealth and their status in the world. Becoming a global city is now a prized goal for many cities around the world, including Shanghai and Hong Kong. Since the 1980s this has led to unprecedented global inter-urban competition. Cities not only have capitalized on their traditional roles as financial and manufacturing centers, but many have also adopted a strategy geared toward the ‘mobilization of spectacle’ to boost their global status. My work illustrates the ways in which Shanghai and Hong Kong, as two self-defined global cities, are engulfed by the formidable force of inter-urban competition in the Asia-Pacific Rim. Much of the analysis focuses on conditions arising from China's broader ideological and political move toward neo-liberalism. The Chinese government has actively promoted Shanghai into the hierarchy of the global urban order by launching a mega urban project, the Pudong Lujiazui New Area, by staging events, such as the Global Fortune Forum, and by massively rebuilding the city's skyline. Similar initiatives in Hong Kong include the creation of Hong Kong Disneyland. In both cases, these initiatives reflect a move toward a more ‘entrepreneurial’ urban culture. I argue, however, that such initiatives are more than a simple reflection of broader global political economic dynamics. Rather, the trajectories followed by both cities require an understanding of their colonial past. In the past, these cities were shaped by the spectacle of imperial capitalism. Today, they are willing participants in embracing forms of globalization that continue to be heavily influenced by the West. I conclude that both cities’ current obsession with becoming global cities entails a complex and often contradictory post-colonial complex.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193495">
                <text>http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/10416</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193496">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/929</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193497">
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              <elementText elementTextId="193499">
                <text>Simon Fraser University</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193500">
                <text>post-colonial city, globalisation, world city, global city, capitalism, urban culture</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Spectacular post-colonial cities : Markets, ideology and globalization in the making of Shanghai and Hong Kong</text>
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                  <text>Revue entièrement consacrée au monde chinois contemporain qu’elle analyse dans ses aspects socio-politiques, économiques, culturels et littéraires, Perspectives chinoises offre une information originale ainsi que des analyses fondées sur des enquêtes de terrain menées par des chercheurs spécialisés.</text>
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                <text>Huang, Yuqin</text>
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                <text>Depuis la fin des années 1950, la mise en place du système d’enregistrement des ménages (hukou) a fait de la conversion du hukou rural en hukou urbain une des principales voies d’ascension sociale en Chine rurale. Partant d’une approche biographique, cet article tente de saisir, parallèlement aux évolutions historiques entre 1950 et 2012, les hauts et les bas de diverses formes de conversion du hukou et d’ascension sociale. Il s’efforce également de rendre compte de la manière dont ces possibilités fluctuantes ont été perçues, interprétées, mises en œuvre et actualisées par les habitants d’un village de Chine centrale, ainsi que leurs conséquences en termes de répartition genrée des ressources éducatives entre les enfants au sein d’un ménage. En cela, il participe aux débats en cours portant sur la relation entre allocation des ressources du ménage, inégalité des genres et mobilité sociale dans la Chine rurale. En examinant les dynamiques de ces trajectoires de mobilité sociale, cet article prête une attention toute particulière à l’éducation et aux transformations de sa fonction d’ascenseur social, et affirme qu’il existe un lien involontaire entre la réussite universitaire, les améliorations de l’égalité des sexes en matière d’éducation en Chine rurale et la mobilité sociale. Ce lien est néanmoins faible, du fait de la logique développementaliste qui le sous-tend. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="581999">
                <text>http://perspectiveschinoises.revues.org/6398</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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                <text>(in)égalités scolaires</text>
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                <text>« Hors de la ferme ! » (tiaochu nongmen)</text>
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                <text>La ville est un moteur de croissance économique, elle est aussi un consommateur principal d'espace et d'autre ressource naturelle comme l'eau, l'énergie et les matériaux de construction. Les forces du marché jouent un rôle indispensable pour le développement et la transformation urbaine. Mais l'industrialisation des villes a produit les coûts externes hors marché qui causent les inefficacités, comme la pollution, la congestion et la pénurie des ressources, qui sont incompatible avec le principe du développement durable. A part des solutions d'internalisation de ces coûts avec une taxe, pourquoi pas se réorienter à un autre degré de liberté sous la ville ? L'environnement de l'espace souterrain urbain possède une dimension suffisante pour construire nombreuse infrastructures et constructions, il accueillit des lignes de métros, des parkings, des entrepôts, des centres de loisirs, etc. Les effets sur le marché: 1) augmenter la surface disponible et faire baisser le prix du sol, ce qui permet de réduire les prix et loyers des biens et services, et permet d'implanter de nouvelles activités dans les espaces publiques; 2) diminuer les coûts externes par générer moins de bruits et par émettre moins de gaz carbonique en exploitant économiquement la géothermie propre, ce qui permet d'améliorer l'efficacité sociale; 3) mais les coûts de production (construction et exploitation) pourraient être moindres ou plus élevés en déplaçant les activités en sous-sol. Pour former une ville compacte et efficace, intégration de ce marché caché sous la ville devient essentielle.</text>
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                <text>Flood hazard has been considered for long as a threat to urban development. But stakes in relation to sustainable urban development change the view urban planner have concerning the future of flooding zones. The comparison between French and British situation shows us two different ways to produce and implement flood control legislation. In France, it is considered as a quite up-bottom approach, contrarily to Great Britain were negotiation, assessment and dialogue at a local level are developed. This manner to put into practice flood control strategy encourages a rooted risk culture, a better acceptability and a local management of flood policies. But this ambition is only possible because of the existence of knowledge construction promotion and diffusion tools, at a territorial level. </text>
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                <text>Urbaniser les zones inondables, est-ce concevable ?</text>
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                <text>Champs-sur-Marne</text>
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                <text>Les équipes de recherche ont intérêt à mutualiser les acquis des travaux d'ingénierie pour l'intégration de données sur la ville, qu'elles soient statistiques, géographiques, environnementales, techniques ou résultant de simulation, mais aussi les démarches pour l'acquisition de ces données. Le projet de centre de ressources " Belgrand " vise à répondre à cet enjeu majeur en s'appuyant sur: (1) un réseau scientifique multidisciplinaire ; (2) un portail web de référencement des projets, données, méthodes et outils, simulation et modèles, le cas échéant ; (3) des travaux méthodologiques mettant l'accent sur la référence spatiale, clé naturelle de croisement des données portant sur la ville ; (4) un séminaire régulier. L'infrastructure web Belgrand mettra en lien projets, équipes et terrains, offrant une vue synoptique des travaux de modélisation urbaine pour les chercheurs et les décideurs.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/73/73/94/PDF/Hubert_et_al.pdf</text>
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                <text>Références</text>
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                <text>colloque GIS - Modélisation urbaine " Modélisation de la ville : du modèle au projet urbain "</text>
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                <text>Belgrand : un grand équipement pour l'utilisation des bases de données dans le domaine de la ville et de la mobilité</text>
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                  <text>Créée en 1986, Strates. Matériaux pour la recherche en sciences sociales est la revue du Laboratoire dynamiques sociales et recomposition des espaces (Ladyss). Regroupant géographes et sociologues, la revue est aussi ouverte à des chercheurs d’autres disciplines. Strates publie des matériaux, des réflexions sur des travaux en cours, des comparaisons avec des recherches étrangères, des débats, des éléments de méthodes, des travaux de doctorants, des jalons de recherche, des bibliographies commentées, des chronologies, cherchant ainsi à valoriser des moments importants du métier de chercheur non prisés dans l’espace habituel des publications.</text>
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                <text>La nature dans la ville et les modes d'habiter l'espace urbain</text>
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                <text>Sophia Antipolis was created by the public authorities to attract high value added activities on the French Riviera, in the aim of strengthening a local economy driven historically by tourism. The theoretical model that has inspired the creation of Sophia Antipolis is governed by a top-down approach. The agglomerations externalities, had not sprung up naturally from the dynamics of entreprises located in the cluster. The economic model of Sophia Antipolis is completely different of the traditional innovative district studied by Alfred Marshall (bottom-up approach). Nowadays, the cluster of Sophia-Antipolis is rich of external linkages, but poor of internal relations between the firms. In this local system of Innovation, a large numbers of actors in different sectors are present but any of them is sufficiently dominant to drive the cluster orientations. In this sense, this Local System of Innovation (LSI) is not reliable in the long run. Very few, almost no technological collaborations can be observed. The sustainability of the Sophia-Antipolis cluster does not really depend on the territory. the weakness of the cooperation between companies of the cluster can be partially explained by the local multinational firms which have their branch facilities located in the local system of innovation but at the same time their head office external to the cluster with main decision taken from outside, limiting the potential for local synergies and local collaboration. The aim of this paper is to understand the coordination mechanisms between enterprises and the main factors of success who made Sophia-Antipolis the largest technology park in the Europe. Such a study presents the Top-down strategy of developpement choosen by the government from the origins of Sophia-Antipolis to promote agglomeration externalities and the increasing returns to adoption gained by firms entering in the park.</text>
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                <text>15th Uddevalla Symposium Entrepreneurship and Innovation Networks</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances</text>
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                <text>The Top-Down Innovative Coordination Flows in Sophia Antipolis</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n103, 3, 2000-09-01, pp.57-84</text>
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                <text>14</text>
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  Sous le règne de Néron, en 59 apr. J.-C., un spectacle de gladiateurs à Pompéi 
dégénéra en rixe entre les spectateurs, les Pompéiens et les habitants d'une colonie 
voisine : Nucérie; ces derniers furent massacrés. De cet événement a priori peu 
glorieux, nous possédons deux témoignages : un récit de Tacite (Ann. XIV, 17) et 
une fresque de Pompéi provenant de la paroi du péristyle d'une maison pompéienne modeste (I, 3,23) et conservée actuellement au Musée Archéologique 
National de Naples (inv. 112222). Que se cache-t-il derrière ce récit et cette 
image ? Quel propriétaire pouvait commander une telle décoration ? Une 
synthèse de diverses théories ainsi qu'une analyse des documents sont proposées. 
Un parallèle anachronique avec une rixe de «hooligans » hollandais permet de 
donner un nouvel éclairage au texte, mais aussi au contexte de la fresque: plutôt 
que de voir la maison d'un gladiateur, ne serait-il pas plus cohérent d'imaginer 
une sorte de « hooligan » comme propriétaire, c'est-à-dire un homme tirant gloire 
et fierté de sa participation à une violence illégitime ?
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 10, 2, 2004-06-01, pp.89-112</text>
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                <text>La représentation de la rixe de l'amphithéâtre de Pompéi : une préfiguration de l'« hooliganisme » ?</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="568605">
                <text>Hugo, Graeme</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="568606">
                <text>2006-04-01</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Dans l’abondant corpus de recherches, l’Europe et l’Amérique du Nord se sont principalement intéressées aux migrations en provenance des nations du “Sud”. Pourtant, une proportion non négligeable de leurs populations étrangères, en particulier dans les grandes métropoles, viennent d’autres pays développés. Cet article avance l’idée que ces migrants non seulement sont numériquement importants dans les villes mondiales de l’OCDE mais constituent aussi des communautés significatives qui gardent des liens étroits avec leurs pays d’origine. L’article se penche sur le cas du million d’Australiens vivant à l’étranger, dont la moitié dans les villes mondiales européennes et nord-américaines. À partir d’une étude quantitative et qualitative d’un échantillon d’expatriés australiens, l’article analyse les processus de développement de communautés d’expatriés australiens, leurs caractéristiques et les liens maintenus avec la mère-patrie. Cet article examine l’influence de cette diaspora sur l’Australie et son implication dans la vie économique et sociale des pays d’accueil. Le gouvernement australien a récemment mis en place une enquête sénatoriale sur la diaspora nationale et envisage une série de mesures à son propos, qui sont analysées à la fin de l’article. </text>
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                <text>In the rapidly growing body of research on diasporas, Europe and North America attention has focused on communities from south nations. However, a significant proportion of their foreign populations, especially in their major metropolitan areas, originate from other developed countries. This paper argues that these migrants not only are numerically significant in OECD world cities but also that they often constitute meaningful communities and maintain significant linkages with their homelands. It focuses on the one million Australians currently living in foreign countries, more than half in the world cities of Europe and North America. It utilises a study collecting both quantitative and qualitative information from a sample of these Australian expatriates. It examines the process of development of the Australian expatriate communities in world cities, their defining characteristics and the linkages they maintain with their homelands. The paper examines the nature of the impact of the diaspora on Australia as well as their involvement in the economy and society of their destinations. The Australian government recently set up a Senate Inquiry into the national diaspora and is contemplating a range of policies with respect to it and the paper concludes with a discussion of these policies. </text>
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                <text>Australia</text>
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                <text>North-North migration</text>
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                <text>skilled migration</text>
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                <text>Developed country diasporas : The example of Australian expatriates</text>
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